{"id":3125,"date":"2026-07-20T20:20:31","date_gmt":"2026-07-20T11:20:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/slowlyaspossible.net\/pale-texts\/?p=3125"},"modified":"2026-07-20T20:21:22","modified_gmt":"2026-07-20T11:21:22","slug":"%ec%8b%9c%ea%b0%84-%ed%91%9c%ec%a4%80%ed%99%94-%ec%8b%9c%ea%b3%84%ed%83%91-%ec%95%84%ec%9d%bc%eb%9e%9c%eb%93%9c%c2%b7%ed%8c%94%eb%a0%88%ec%8a%a4%ed%83%80%ec%9d%b8%ec%97%90%ec%84%9c%ec%9d%98","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/slowlyaspossible.net\/pale-texts\/3125\/","title":{"rendered":"\uc2dc\uac04 \ud45c\uc900\ud654, \uc2dc\uacc4\ud0d1, \uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc\u00b7\ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc8fc\uc758 (\uc5d0\ubc00\ub9ac \uc790\uc2dc\ub974, 2021)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"headnote\">\uc6d0\ubb38: <a href=\"https:\/\/thefunambulist.net\/magazine\/they-have-clocks-we-have-time\/time-standardization-clock-towers-colonialism-in-ireland-and-palestine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Emily Jacir, \u201cTime Standardization, Clock Towers &amp; Colonialism in Ireland and Palestine,\u201d <em>The Funambulist<\/em> Iss. 36, 2021<\/a> <br>\uff0a \uc774 \uae00\uc774 \uc2e4\ub9b0 \ud638\uc758 \ud45c\uc81c\ub294 \u201c\uadf8\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac90 \uc2dc\uacc4\uac00 \uc788\uace0 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc5d0\uac90 \uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4\u201d\uc774\ub2e4. \uc11c\ubb38\uc758 \uad6d\uc5ed\ubcf8\uc740 <a href=\"https:\/\/slowlyaspossible.net\/memoranda\/1520\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\uc5ec\uae30<\/a>\uc5d0\uc11c \uc77d\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"editors-note\">\uc5d0\ubc00\ub9ac \uc790\uc2dc\ub974\ub294 2016\ub144, 2017\ub144\uc5d0 \uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc\ud604\ub300\ubbf8\uc220\uad00\uc5d0\uc11c \u300a\ub300\ud3ec\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \uba54\ubaa8\u300b\ub77c\ub294 \uc7a5\uc18c\ud2b9\uc815\uc801 \uc791\uc5c5\uc744 \uc804\uc2dc\ud588\ub2e4. \uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc \ubd80\ud65c\uc808 \ubd09\uae30<sup>Easter Rising<\/sup>[(1916)]\uc640 \uc601\uad6d\uc758 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc810\ub839[(1917)] 100\uc8fc\ub144\uc744 \uae30\ud574 \uadf8\ub140\ub294 \uae34\ubc00\ud558\uac8c \uc5bd\ud600 \uc788\ub294 \ub450 \uacf3\uc5d0 \uac15\uc81c\ub41c \uc2dc\uac04 \uad6c\ud68d<sup>time-keeping<\/sup>\uacfc \uc2dc\uac04 \ud45c\uc900\ud654\ub97c \uc9da\uc5b4 \ubcf8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thefunambulist.net\/app\/uploads\/fly-images\/1091837\/jacir-funambulist-4-900x686.jpg \" alt=\"\ucf54\ud2b8\ub97c \uc785\uace0 \uc120 \ubc31\uc778 \ub0a8\uc131\uc744 \ucc0d\uc740 \ud751\ubc31 \uc0ac\uc9c4. \ub4a4\ub85c\ub294 \ub3cc\ub85c \ucd95\ub300\ub97c \uc313\uc544 \ub9cc\ub4e0 \ub3c4\ub85c\uc640 \uc5b8\ub355, 19\uc138\uae30\uc2dd \uc790\ub3d9\ucc28\uac00 \ubcf4\uc778\ub2e4. \uae38\uac00\uc5d0 \uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc \uc9c0\uba85 \uba87 \uac1c\uac00 \uc801\ud78c \uc774\uc815\ud45c\uac00 \uc11c \uc788\ub2e4. \"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\uc5d0\ubc00\ub9ac \uc790\uc2dc\ub974 \uc791 \u300a\ub300\ud3ec\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \uba54\ubaa8\u300b(2016) \ubd80\ubd84. \/ G. \uc5d0\ub9ad\u00b7\uc5d0\ub514\uc2a4 \ub9e4\ud2b8\uc2a8 \uc0ac\uc9c4 \uceec\ub809\uc158<sup>G. Eric and Edith Matson Photograph Collection<\/sup>(\uc758\ud68c\ub3c4\uc11c\uad00 \uc778\uc1c4\ubb3c\u00b7\uc0ac\uc9c4\ubd80)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>1916\ub144, \ubd80\ud65c\uc808 \ubd09\uae30 \u2014 \uc601\uad6d<sup>British<\/sup> \uc9c0\ubc30 \uc885\uc2dd\uacfc \ub3c5\ub9bd \uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc\uacf5\ud654\uad6d \uc218\ub9bd\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \ubd09\uae30 \u2014 \ub2f9\uc2dc \uc624\ud6c4 2\uc2dc 25\ubd84\uc5d0 \uba48\ucdc4\ub358 \uc911\uc559\uc6b0\uccb4\uad6d<sup>General Post Office<\/sup>(GPO) \uc2dc\uacc4\ub294 \ub354\ube14\ub9b0 \ud45c\uc900\uc2dc\uc5d0 \ub9de\ucdb0\uc838 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub7f0\ub358\uc740 \uc624\ud6c4 2\uc2dc 50\ubd84\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4 (G.M.T.) \uc624\ucf54\ub12c \uac70\ub9ac\uc758 GPO\ub294 \ubd09\uae30 \uc9c0\ub3c4\ubd80\uc758 \ubcf8\ubd80\uc774\uc790 \uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc\uc758\uc6a9\uad70<sup>Irish Volunteers<\/sup>, \uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc\uc2dc\ubbfc\uad70<sup>Irish Citizen Army<\/sup>\uc758 \ud68c\ud569 \uc7a5\uc18c\ub85c \uc4f0\uc600\uace0 1916\ub144 4\uc6d4 24\uc77c\uc5d0 \ud328\ub4dc\ub808\uadf8 \ud53c\uc5b4\uc2a4<sup>Padraig Pearse<\/sup>\uac00 \u3008\uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc \uacf5\ud654\uad6d \uc120\ud3ec\ubb38<sup>Proclamation of the Irish Republic<\/sup>\u3009\uc744 \ub0ad\ub3c5\ud55c \uac83\ub3c4 \uc774 \uac74\ubb3c \uc55e\uc5d0\uc11c\uc600\ub2e4. 1880\ub144 (\uc2dc\uac04\uc815\uc758)\uaddc\uc815\ubc95<sup>Statutes (Definition of Time) Act<\/sup>\uc740 \uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc\uc758 \ubc95\uc815 \uc2dc\uac04\uc744 \ub354\ube14\ub9b0 \ud45c\uc900\uc2dc<sup>Dublin Mean Time<\/sup>(DMT)\ub85c \uaddc\uc815\ud588\ub2e4. \ub354\ube14\ub9b0 \ud45c\uc900\uc2dc\ub294 \ub354\ube14\ub9b0 \uce74\uc6b4\ud2f0\uc758 \ub358\uc2f1\ud06c \ucc9c\ubb38\ub300\uc5d0\uc11c \uce21\uc815\ud55c \uc9c0\uc5ed \ud45c\uc900\uc2dc\ub85c, \ub7f0\ub358 \uadf8\ub9ac\ub2c8\uce58 \ucc9c\ubb38\ub300\uc5d0 \ube44\ud574 \uc77c\ucd9c\u00b7\uc77c\ubab0\uc774 25\ubd84 21\ucd08 \ub2a6\ub2e4. \ubd80\ud65c\uc808 \ubd09\uae30\uac00 \ubc8c\uc5b4\uc9c4 \ud6c4 \uc601\uad6d \uc815\ubd80\ub294 \uad70\uc0ac\uc801\u00b7\uc0c1\uc5c5\uc801 \ubaa9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub354\ube14\ub9b0 \ud45c\uc900\uc2dc\ub97c \uadf8\ub9ac\ub2c8\uce58 \ud45c\uc900\uc2dc\uc5d0 \ub9de\ucd98\ub2e4\uace0 \uacf5\ud45c\ud588\ub2e4. \uac19\uc740 \ud574 9\uc6d4\uc5d0 \uc81c\uc815\ub41c 1916\ub144(\uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc)\uc2dc\uac04\ubc95<sup>Time (Ireland) Act 1916<\/sup>\uc740 \uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc\uc758 \ubc95\uc815 \uc2dc\uac04\uc744 \uadf8\ub9ac\ub2c8\uce58 \ud45c\uc900\uc2dc\ub85c \uaddc\uc815\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1917\ub144\uc5d0\ub294 \uc601\uad6d\uad70\uc774 \uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub818 \uc2dd\ubbfc \uc810\ub839\uc744 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\ub2e4. 5\ub144 \ud6c4\uc5d0\ub294 \uc601\uad6d\uad6d \uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub818 \ucd1d\ub3c5 \ub85c\ub110\ub4dc \uc2a4\ud1a0\uc5b4\uc2a4\uc758 \uba85\ub839\uc73c\ub85c \uc57c\ud30c\ubb38<sup>Jaffa\u9580<\/sup>([\uc544\ub78d\uc5b4\ub85c\ub294]\ubc14\ube0c \uc54c-\uce7c\ub9b4<sup>Bab al-Khalil<\/sup>)\uc758 \uc2dc\uacc4\ud0d1\uc774 \ucca0\uac70\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc601\uad6d\uc774 \uc0c1\uc0c1\ud558\ub294 \uc131\uacbd \uc18d \uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub818\uc758 \ubaa8\uc2b5\uc5d0 \ub9de\ucd94\uc5b4 \ub3c4\uc2dc\ub97c \ub72f\uc5b4 \uace0\uce58\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c\uc600\ub2e4. \uc2dc\uacc4\ud0d1\uc740 \uc624\uc2a4\ub9cc \uc81c\uad6d \uc220\ud0c4 \uc555\ub458 \ud558\ubbf8\ub4dc\u2161\uc138\uc758 \uc989\uc704 25\uc8fc\ub144\uc744 \uae30\ub150\ud574 \uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub818 \uc9c0\uc5ed \uc720\uc9c0\ub4e4\uc774 \uc9c0\uc6d0\ud55c \uc790\uae08\uc73c\ub85c 1907\ub144\uc5d0 \uc124\uce58\ub41c \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub098\ube14\ub8e8\uc2a4, \uc544\uce74<sup>Akka<\/sup>, \ud558\uc774\ud30c, \uc0ac\ud30c\ub4dc, \ub098\uc0ac\ub81b, \uc57c\ud30c, \uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub818 \ub4f1 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uac01\uc9c0\uc5d0 \uc774\ub7f0 \uc2dc\uacc4\ud0d1 \uc77c\uacf1 \uae30\uac00 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ubc31 \ub144 \ud6c4, \ubd80\ud65c\uc808 \ubd09\uae30\uc640 \ubca8\ud478\uc5b4 \uc120\uc5b8 \ubc31\uc8fc\ub144\uc744 \ub9de\uc544, \ub098\ub294 \uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc\ud604\ub300\ubbf8\uc220\uad00\uc5d0\uc11c \u300a\ub300\ud3ec\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \uba54\ubaa8<sup>Notes for a Cannon<\/sup>\u300b(2016-2017)\ub77c\ub294 \uc81c\ubaa9\uc73c\ub85c \ub450 \uc810\uc758 \uc7a5\uc18c\ud2b9\uc815\uc801 \uc791\uc5c5\uc744 \uc804\uc2dc\ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uc790\uccb4\ub85c \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc801 \uc7a5\uc18c\uc778 \ud0ac\ub9cc\ud584\uc655\ub9bd\ubcd1\uc6d0<sup>Royal Hospital Kilmainham<\/sup>\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \ubbf8\uc220\uad00\uc774\ub2e4. \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \ub9e5\uc2a4\uc6f0 \uc7a5\uad70\uc774 \ubd09\uae30 \uc9c0\ub3c4\ubd80\uc758 \uc0ac\ud615\uc744 \uba85\ud55c \uacf3\uc774 \ubc14\ub85c \uc774\uacf3\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uc9d1\ubb34\uc2e4\uc5d0\uc11c\uc600\ub2e4. \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uacfc \uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc\uac00 \uacf5\uc720\ud558\ub294 \u2014 \uc624\ub298\ub0a0\uae4c\uc9c0\ub3c4 \uc218\ub9ce\uc740 \uc794\uc7ac\uac00 \ub0a8\uc544 \uc788\ub294 \u2014 \uc601\uad6d \uc2dd\ubbfc \uc9c0\ubc30\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\ub97c \ud3ed\ub113\uac8c \uc870\uc0ac\ud574 \uc791\uc5c5\ud588\ub2e4. \uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc\ub294 \ub300\uc601\uc81c\uad6d \ucd5c\ucd08\uc758 \uc2dd\ubbfc \uc2e4\ud5d8\uc7a5\uc774\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70 \uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc\uc778\uc740 \uc218\ubc31 \ub144\uc744 \uc601\uad6d\uc758 \uc810\ub839 \ud558\uc5d0 \uc0b4\uc558\ub2e4. 1917\ub144\ubd80\ud130 1948\ub144\uae4c\uc9c0, \uadf8\ub808\uc774\ud2b8\ube0c\ub9ac\ud2bc\uc740 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ub545\uc758 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ub098\ub77c\uac00 \uc678\uad50, \ud1b5\uce58, \uad70\uc0ac, \uacbd\uc81c\uc758 \uae30\ubc18\uc744 \ub2e4\uc9c0\ub294 \ub370\uc5d0 \uadf8 \uc5b4\ub290 \ub098\ub77c\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub3c4 \ud070 \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc744 \uc8fc\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub450 \uacf3\uc774 \uc601\uad6d\uc5d0 \uc2dd\ubbfc \uc9c0\ubc30 \ub2f9\ud55c \uae30\uac04\uc740 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ub2e4\ub978\ub370, \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc774 \ube44\uad50\uc801 \ub2a6\uac8c \ud3b8\uc785\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc774 \uc774\ubbf8 \ud1b5\uce58, \uce58\uc548, \ud589\uc815 \uc591\uc2dd\uc774 \uc798 \ud655\ub9bd\ub41c, \ub610\ud55c \uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc\uc5d0\uc11c \uc218\ubc31 \ub144\uac04 \ubc18\uc2dd\ubbfc \uc6b4\ub3d9\uacfc \uc2f8\uc6b0\uace0 \ubc18\ub780\uc744 \uc9c4\uc555\ud55c \uacbd\ud5d8\uc774 \ucd95\uc801\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub294 \uccb4\uc81c\uc5d0 \ud3b8\uc785\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4\ub294 \ub73b\uc774\ub2e4. \ub0b4 \uc791\uc5c5\ub4e4\uc740 \uc774\ub7f0 \ud3ed\ub825\uc801\uc778 \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc640 \uc678\ub825\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801, \ubb38\ud654\uc801, \uc885\uad50\uc801, \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uc9c8\uc11c \ubd95\uad34\uac00 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uc804\uac1c\ub418\uc5c8\ub294\uc9c0, \uadf8\ub7f0 \uac83\ub4e4\uc774 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uacc4\uc18d\ud574\uc11c \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ud604\uc7ac \ucc98\ud574 \uc788\ub294 \uc870\uac74\ub4e4\uc744 \ud615\uc131\ud558\ub294\uc9c0\ub97c \uac80\ud1a0\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hilights\">\u201c\uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc\uc640 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc740 \ubd84\uc5f4, \uc810\ub839, \ubc15\ud0c8\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\ub97c \uacf5\uc720\ud55c\ub2e4. \ub450&nbsp;\uacf3\uc758 \ub545\uacfc \ubb38\ud654\uc5d0\ub294 \uc81c\uad6d\uc8fc\uc758\uc640 \uc815\ucc29\uc790 \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc8fc\uc758\uac00, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uadf8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub048\uc9c8\uae34 \uc800\ud56d\uc774 \uc0c8\uaca8\uc838 \uc788\ub2e4.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc\uc640 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc740 \ubd84\uc5f4, \uc810\ub839, \ubc15\ud0c8\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\ub97c \uacf5\uc720\ud55c\ub2e4. \ub450 \uacf3\uc758 \ub545\uacfc \ubb38\ud654\uc5d0\ub294 \uc81c\uad6d\uc8fc\uc758\uc640 \uc815\ucc29\uc790 \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc8fc\uc758\uac00, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uadf8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub048\uc9c8\uae34 \uc800\ud56d\uc774 \uc0c8\uaca8\uc838 \uc788\ub2e4. \ub458 \ub2e4 \ubb34\uc5ed\ud56d\uc744 \ub07c\uace0 \uc788\uace0 \u201c\uc885\uad50 \uc804\uc7c1\u201d\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc774\uac8c \ud558\ub824\uace0 \uc885\uad50 \ubd84\uc7c1\uacfc \uc5f0\uad00 \uc9c0\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uc2dd\ubbfc \uae30\ud68d \uc774(\uc5c8)\ub2e4. \ub2e8\uc2dd \ud22c\uc7c1 \ub4f1 \uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc\uc5d0\uc11c \uc4f4 \uae09\uc9c4\uc801 \uc804\uc220\uc774 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc774 \uc810\ub839\uc5d0 \uc800\ud56d\ud558\ub294 \ub370\uc5d0 \uc601\uac10\uc744 \uc900 \uac83\uc744 \ube44\ub86f\ud574, \uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc\uc640 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\ub294 \uc624\ub79c \uc5f0\ub300\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc\ub294 \ubd81\ubd80\uc758 \uce74\uc6b4\ud2f0 \uc5ec\uc12f \uacf3\uc744 \ube7c\uace0\ub294 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc744 \uc7c1\ucde8\ud588\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc624\ub298\ub0a0 \ub354\ub354\uc6b1 \uac00\ud639\ud558\uace0 \ub054\ucc0d\ud55c \ud6c4\uacfc\uac00 \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \ub098\ud06c\ubc14\ub77c\ub294 \uc0ac\uac74\uc744 \uacaa\uc740 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc740 \uc810\ub839\uc744 \ubc97\uc5b4\ub098\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud588\uace0 \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \uadf8\ub7ec\ud558\ub2e4. 1948\ub144\uc5d0 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc5d0\uc11c \ud0c8\ucd9c\ud560 \uc218\ubc16\uc5d0 \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub358 \ub09c\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc740 \ud604\uc7ac \uc544\ub78d \uc138\uacc4\uc758 \uc0ac\uac74\ub4e4\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \ub450 \ubc88, \uc138 \ubc88, \ub54c\ub85c\ub294 \ub124 \ubc88\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub3c4\ub85d \ud0c8\ucd9c\uc744 \ubc18\ubcf5\ud558\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u300a\ub300\ud3ec\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \uba54\ubaa8\u300b\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec\uac00\uc9c0 \uba74\ubaa8\ub97c \uac16\uace0 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc \uadf8 \ubcf8\uc9c8\uc740 \uacf5\uc801 \uacf5\uac04\ub4e4\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc2dc\uac04 \uad6c\ud68d, \ub098\uc544\uac00 \uc2dc\uac04\uc758 \ubbf8\ub044\ub7ec\uc9d0\uacfc \ud45c\uc900\ud654\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud0d0\uad6c\ub2e4. \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc2dc\uac04\ub4e4\uc774 \uc0b4\uc544\uc9c0\uace0 \uccb4\ud5d8\ub418\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\ub4e4\uc744 \ud0d0\uad6c\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc2dc\uac04\ubc95\uc774 1916\ub144 \ubd80\ud65c\uc808\uc758 \uc0ac\uac74\ub4e4\uc774 \ubc8c\uc5b4\uc9c0\uace0 \uc5bc\ub9c8 \uc9c0\ub098\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc544, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 1916\ub144 [5\uc6d4\uc5d0 \uc2dc\uc791\ub418\uc5b4] 8\uc6d4 \ub85c\uc800 \ucf00\uc774\uc2a4\uba3c\ud2b8<sup>Roger Casement<\/sup>\uc758 \uad50\uc218\ud615\uc73c\ub85c \uc815\uc810\uc5d0 \uc774\ub978 \uc9c0\ub3c4\ubd80 \uc0ac\ud615\uc774 \uc9d1\ud589\ub418\ub294 \uc911\uc5d0 \ud1b5\uacfc\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. 1916\ub144 10\uc6d4 1\uc77c\uc744 \uae30\ud574 \ub354\ube14\ub9b0 \ud45c\uc900\uc2dc\uac00 GMT\ub85c \ub300\uccb4\ub418\uc790 \uc9c0\ubc29 \uc758\ud68c\ub4e4, \uc815\uce58\uc778\ub4e4, \ub18d\ubd80\ub4e4, \uc77c\ubd80 \uae30\uc5c5 \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud55c \ube44\ud310\uacfc \ubc18\ubc1c\uc774 \ub098\uc654\ub2e4. \uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc\uc758 \ud601\uba85\uac00 \ub9c8\ub974\ud0a4\uc5d0\ube44\uce58<sup>Markievicz<\/sup> \ubc31\uc791 \ubd80\uc778\uc740 \uc774 \ubcc0\ud654\uc5d0 \ud06c\uac8c \ubc18\ubc1c\ud558\uba70 \u201c\uc5ec\ub860\uc774 \ubd84\ub178\ub85c \ub4e4\ub053\uc5c8\ub2e4\u201d\uace0 \uc801\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub140\ub294 \ubd80\ud65c\uc808 \ubd09\uae30\uc5d0 \ucc38\uc5ec\ud588\uace0 \uc0ac\ud615\uc5d0 \ucc98\ud574\uc84c\uc74c\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uadf8\ub140\uc758 \ub9d0\uc740 \uc131\ubcc4\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c\ub85c \ucd95\uc18c\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc77c\uc5d0 \uad00\ud574 \ub2f9\uc2dc \uc2e0\ubb38\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ud22c\uace0\ub41c \uae00\ub4e4\uc744 \uc218\uc9d1\ud588\ub294\ub370, \uadf8 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\uc5d0 \uc774\ub7f0 \ub9d0\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4. \u201c\uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc\uc758 \ud0dc\uc591\uc774 \uc789\uae00\ub79c\ub4dc\uc758 \ud0dc\uc591\uc73c\ub85c \ub300\uccb4\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ub354\ube14\ub9b0 \ud45c\uc900\uc2dc\ub85c 1916\ub144 10\uc6d4 1\uc77c \uc77c\uc694\uc77c \uc624\uc804 2\uc2dc, \uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc\uc758 \uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \uc601\uc6d0\ud788 \ub2ec\ub77c\uc84c\ub2e4. \uaca8\uc6b8\uc744 \ub9de\uc544 \uc601\uad6d \uc2dc\uacc4\ub4e4\uc774 \ud55c \uc2dc\uac04 \ub2a6\ucdb0\uc9c8 \ub54c, \uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc\uc758 \uc2dc\uacc4\ub4e4\uc740 35\ubd84\ub9cc \ub2a6\ucdb0\uc84c\ub2e4. \uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc\uc758 \uc601\uad6d\uc758 \uc2dc\uacc4\ub97c \ub9de\ucd94\uae30 \uc704\ud574, \uadf8\ub9ac \ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \u201c\uc5f0\ud569 \uc655\uad6d\u201d \uc804\uc5ed\uc5d0 \ub2e8\uc77c\ud55c \uc2dc\uac04 \uccb4\uc81c\ub97c \ud655\ub9bd\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c\uc600\ub2e4. \uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc\uc758 \uc2dc\uacc4\ub294 \uc774\uc81c \ubaa8\ub450 \uc789\uae00\ub79c\ub4dc\ub97c \ub530\ub974\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hilights\">\u201c\uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc\uc758 \uc2dc\uacc4\ub294 \uc774\uc81c \ubaa8\ub450 \uc789\uae00\ub79c\ub4dc\ub97c \ub530\ub974\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thefunambulist.net\/app\/uploads\/fly-images\/1092264\/jacir-funambulist-3-1-900x605.jpg\" alt=\"\uc0ac\uc9c4 \ub450 \uc7a5\uc744 \uc774\uc5b4\ubd99\uc778 \uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0. \uc67c\ucabd\uc740 \uc601\uc5b4\ub85c \uc791\uc131\ub41c 1916\ub144\uc758 \uacf5\uace0\ubb38. \uc624\ub978\ucabd\uc740 \uc624\uc2a4\ub9cc \uc591\uc2dd\uc758 \uc2dc\uacc4\ud0d1\uacfc \uadf8 \uc55e\uc758 \uad11\uc7a5 \uc77c\ubd80\ub97c \ucd2c\uc601\ud55c \uc624\ub798\ub41c \ud751\ubc31 \uc0ac\uc9c4. \uad11\uc7a5\uc5d0\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uacfc \ub9c8\ucc28\ub4e4\uc774 \ubcf4\uc778\ub2e4.\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">  \u300a\ub300\ud3ec\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \uba54\ubaa8\u300b(2016) \ubd80\ubd84. \/ <strong>\uc88c<\/strong>: \ub4dc\ub2c8\uc2a4 \ubaa8\ud154<sup>Denis Mortell<\/sup> \ucd2c\uc601(2016). [\uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc \ucd1d\ub3c5 \uba85\uc758\ub85c \ubc1c\ud589\ub41c, 10\uc6d4 1\uc77c \uc624\uc804 3\uc2dc\ub97c \uae30\ud574 34\ubd84 39\ucd08\uac00 \uc870\uc815\ub418\ub2c8 \uc2dc\uacc4\ub97c 35\ubd84 \ub2a6\ucd94\ub77c\ub294 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc758 (\uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc)\uc2dc\uac04\ubc95 \ubc1c\ud6a8 \uacf5\ud3ec\ubb38.]\/ <strong>\uc6b0<\/strong>: \uc874 D. \uc640\uc774\ud305\uc544\uce74\uc774\ube0c<sup>Papers of John D. Whiting<\/sup> (\uc758\ud68c\ub3c4\uc11c\uad00 \uc778\uc1c4\ubb3c\u00b7\uc0ac\uc9c4\ubd80)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc57c\ud30c\ubb38 \uc2dc\uacc4\ud0d1\uc774 \ucca0\uac70\ub41c 1922\ub144\uc5d0\ub294 \uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub818\uc758 \uc2dc\uac04\ub3c4 \uc601\uc6d0\ud788 \ub2ec\ub77c\uc84c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"is-style-default\">\uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub818 \uc57c\ud30c\ubb38\uc758 \uc720\uba85\ud55c \uc2dc\uacc4\ud0d1\uc740 \ubcf4\uae30\uc5d0 \uc88b\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uc720\uc801\uc778 \uc131\ubcbd\uacfc \uc5b4\uc6b8\ub9ac\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4\ub294 \uadfc\uac70\ub85c \ucca0\uac70\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. 1907\ub144\uc5d0 \uc138\uc6cc\uc9c4, \uc720\ub7fd \uc2dc\uac04\uacfc \uc544\ub78d \uc2dc\uac04\uc744 \ubaa8\ub450 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc8fc\ub294 \uc815\ubc00\ud55c \uc2dc\uacc4\ub97c \uc790\ub791\ud558\ub294 \ud0d1\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud604 \uc131\ub3c4 \ucd1d\ub3c5 \ub85c\ub110\ub4dc \uc2a4\ud1a0\uc5b4\uc2a4 \uacbd\uc774 [\ucca0\uac70 \uc2dc\uc810] \uc57d 18\uac1c\uc6d4 \uc804\uc5d0 \u201c\uac74\ucd95 \uc720\uc801 \ubcf4\uc874, \uae30\uc220 \uad50\uc721 \uc7a5\ub824, \ub098\ubb34 \uc2ec\uae30, \uc720\uc11c \uae4a\uc740 \ub3c4\uc2dc \uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub818\uc758 \uc804\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \ud658\uacbd \ubbf8\ud654\u201d\ub97c \ubaa9\ud45c\ub85c \uc124\ub9bd\ud55c \uce5c\uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\ud68c<sup>Pro-Jerusalem Society<\/sup>\uc5d0\uc11c \ucca0\uac70\ub97c \ucd94\uc9c4\ud588\ub2e4. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right is-style-default has-small-font-size\">\ud574\ub7f4\ub4dc J. \uc181\uc2a4\ud1a4<sup>Harold J. Shepstone<\/sup>, \u3008\uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub818&nbsp;\uc131\ubcbd&nbsp;\ubcf5\uc6d0<sup>Restoring&nbsp;the&nbsp;Walls&nbsp;of&nbsp;Jerusalem<\/sup>\u3009, 1924.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc2dc\uacc4\ud0d1\uc758 \ub3d9\ucabd \uba74\uacfc \uc11c\ucabd \uba74\uc5d0\ub294 \uc54c\ub77c\ud504\ub791\uac00<sup>alafranga<\/sup>(\ubcc0\uc5ed\ud558\uc790\uba74 \u201c\uc720\ub7fd\ud48d\u201d) \uc989 \uc720\ub7fd \ud45c\uc900 \uc2dc\uac04\uc774, \ub0a8\ucabd \uba74\uacfc \ubd81\ucabd \uba74\uc5d0\ub294 \uc54c\ub77c\ud22c\ub974\uce74<sup>alaturka<\/sup>(\ubc88\uc5ed\ud558\uc790\uba74 \u201c\uc624\uc2a4\ub9cc\ud48d\u201d[)] \ud604\uc9c0 \uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \ud45c\uc2dc\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc54c\ub77c\ud22c\ub974\uce74, \uc624\uc2a4\ub9cc\uc2dd \uc2dc\uac04 \uacc4\uc0b0\ubc95\uc740 \uc77c\ubab0\uacfc \uc77c\ucd9c\uc744 \ub530\ub978\ub2e4 (\uc77c\ubab0\uc774 0\uc2dc, \uc77c\ucd9c\uc774 12\uc2dc). \uc54c\ub77c\ud22c\ub974\uce74 \uc2dc\uac04\uc740 \ud55c\ub098\uc808\uc744 \uc5f4\ub450 \uc2dc\uac04\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\ub204\ub294\ub370, \uadf8 \uae38\uc774\ub294 \uacc4\uc808\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ub2ec\ub77c\uc9c4\ub2e4. \uc57c\ud30c\ubb38 \uc2dc\uacc4\ud0d1\uc5d0\uc11c \ub0b4\uac8c \uac00\uc7a5 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uce21\uba74\uc740 \ubc14\ub85c \uc774\uac83, \ud558\ub098\ub97c \uc5c6\uc560\uace0 \ud558\ub098\ub9cc \ub0a8\uae30\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ud558\ub098\uc758 \ud2c0 \uc548\uc5d0 \ub450 \uac1c\uc758 \uc11c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub978 \uc2dc\uac04 \uce21\uc815 \uc591\uc2dd\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud588\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc774\ub2e4. \uac19\uc740 \uacf5\uac04\uc5d0\uc11c \ub098\ub780\ud788 \uc0b4\uc544\uc9c0\ub294 \ub450 \uac1c\uc758 \uc2dc\uac04 \uccb4\uacc4. \uc601\uad6d \uc2dd\ubbfc \uad8c\ub825\uc774 \uc5c6\uc560\uace0\uc790 \ud588\ub358 \uac83\uc740 \ubc14\ub85c \uc774\uac83, \ub450 \uc2dc\uac04 \uccb4\uc81c\uc758 \ubcd1\uc6a9\uacfc \uadf8 \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc131\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc601\uad6d\uc758 \uadfc\ub300\ud654\ub294 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \ud2c0 \uc548\uc5d0 \uc774\ub7f0 \ub450 \uac1c\uc758 \uc11c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub978 \uc2dc\uac04 \uce21\uc815 \uc591\uc2dd\uc774 \uacf5\uc874\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc744, \uc8fc\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc758 \uc77c\uc0c1\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \uc0b4\uc544\uc9c0\ub294 \ud604\uc2e4\uc744 \uc6a9\ub0a9\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"hilights\">\u201c\ubbf8\uad00\uacfc \uc18c\uc704 \u201c\uc9c4\uc815\ud55c\u201d \uae30\uc6d0\uc744 \uba85\ubaa9\uc73c\ub85c \uc9c4\ud589\ub41c \uc2dc\uacc4\ud0d1 \ucca0\uac70\ub294 \uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub818\uc5d0\uc11c \uc77c\uc0c1\uc758 \uc2dc\uac04\uc744 \ud45c\uc2dc\ud558\ub294 \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0 \uccb4\uc81c\ub97c \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \ud3ec\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ub300\uc548\uc801\uc778 \uadfc\ub300\ud654\uc758 \uc804\ub9dd\uc744 \uc9c0\uc6cc\ubc84\ub838[\ub2e4 \u2026]\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ubcf4\uae30 \uc88b\uace0 \uc18c\uc704 \u201c\uc9c4\uc815\ud55c\u201d \uae30\uc6d0<sup>\u201cauthentic\u201d origins<\/sup>\uc744 \uba85\ubaa9\uc73c\ub85c \uc9c4\ud589\ub41c \uc2dc\uacc4\ud0d1 \ucca0\uac70\ub294 \uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub818\uc5d0\uc11c \uc77c\uc0c1\uc758 \uc2dc\uac04\uc744 \ud45c\uc2dc\ud558\ub294 \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0 \uccb4\uc81c\ub97c \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \ud3ec\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ub300\uc548\uc801\uc778 \uadfc\ub300\ud654\uc758 \uc804\ub9dd\uc744 \uc9c0\uc6cc\ubc84\ub838\uc744 \ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ub610\ud55c \uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub818\uc5d0 \uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub818\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \ud658\uc0c1\uc744 \ub367\uc50c\uc6e0\ub2e4. \ud765\ubbf8\ub86d\uac8c\ub3c4, \uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uacf5\uc2dd\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 DMT\uac00 \uc801\uc6a9\ub418\uc5c8\uc74c\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \uac01 \uce74\uc6b4\ud2f0\ub098 \uc2dc\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc9c0\uc5ed \uc2dc\uacc4\ub97c \uc9c4\uc9dc \ud604\uc9c0 \uc2dc\uac04 \ub0b4\uc9c0 \uc2dc\ud0dc\uc591\uc2dc<sup>\u8996\u592a\u967d\u6642<\/sup>\uc5d0 \ub9de\ucd94\uc5c8\uace0 \uc77c\ubd80 \uae30\ucc28\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub450 \uac1c\uc758 \uc2dc\uacc4\ub85c DMT\uc640 \ud604\uc9c0 \uc2dc\uac04\uc744 \ud568\uaed8 \ud45c\uc2dc\ud588\ub2e4. \ud45c\uc900\uc2dc\ub294 18\uc138\uae30 \uc911\uc5fd\uc5d0 \uc624\uc2a4\ub9cc \uc81c\uad6d\uc5d0 \uc804\ub798\ub41c \ud6c4 \uc810\ucc28 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc815\ubd80 \uae30\uad00\uc5d0\uc11c \ud1a0\ucc29 \uc54c\ub77c\ud22c\ub974\uce74 \uc2dc\uac04 \uccb4\uc81c\uc640 \ud568\uaed8 \uc4f0\uc774\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc624\uc2a4\ub9cc \uc81c\uad6d\uc740 \uc8fc\ub85c \uad70\ub300\ub97c \ube44\ub86f\ud574 \ud1b5\uc2e0, \uc6b4\uc1a1, \uc678\uad50\ub97c \ub2e4\ub8e8\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uae30\uad00\uc5d0\uc11c \uc54c\ub77c\ud504\ub791\uac00 \uc2dc\uac04\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thefunambulist.net\/app\/uploads\/fly-images\/1092265\/jacir-funambulist-1-900x600.jpg \" alt=\"\uc2dc\uacc4\ud0d1\uacfc \ub113\uc740 \uc911\uc815\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \uace0\uc804\uc801\uc778 \uc720\ub7fd\uc2dd \uac74\ubb3c.\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\ub354\ube14\ub9b0 \ud0ac\ub9cc\ud584\uc655\ub9bd\ubcd1\uc6d0 \uc2dc\uacc4\ud0d1 \/ \uc5d0\ubc00\ub9ac \uc790\uc2dc\ub974 \uc0ac\uc9c4(2016).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\ucca0\ub3c4\uc640 \uc804\uc2e0\uc758 \uc2dc\ub300\uac00 \uc624\uae30 \uc804\uc5d0\ub294 \uc138\uacc4 \uc5b4\ub514\uc5d0\uc11c\ub098 \uac01 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc774 \uc790\uc624\uc120 \uc0c1\uc758 \uc704\uce58\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \uace0\uc720\ud55c \uc2dc\uac04\uc744 \uc37c\ub2e4. 1870\ub144\ub300\uac00 \ub418\uba74\uc11c \uc804 \uc138\uacc4\ub97c \ud56d\ud574\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \ubcf8\ucd08\uc790\uc624\uc120\uc744 \uc124\uc815\ud558\uace0 \ucca0\ub3c4 \uc2dc\uac04\ud45c\uc640 \ud1b5\uc2e0\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \uac01\uc9c0\uc758 \ud604\uc9c0 \uc2dc\uac04\uc744 \ud1b5\ud569\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc555\ubc15\uc774 \uc0dd\uaca8\ub0ac\ub2e4. 1871\ub144\uc5d0 \uc564\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud504\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5f4\ub9b0 \uc81c1\ucc28 \uc138\uacc4\uc9c0\ub9ac\ud559\ub300\ud68c<sup>International Geographical Congress<\/sup>\ub294 (\ube44\uad50\uc801 \uc791\uc740 \uaddc\ubaa8\uc758) \ud56d\ud589 \ub3c4\ud45c\uc5d0 \uadf8\ub9ac\ub2c8\uce58 \uc790\uc624\uc120\uc744 \uc4f0\uc790\ub294 \uc548\uc744 \uc758\uacb0\ud558\uace0 \uc774\ub97c 15\ub144 \ub0b4\uc5d0 \uc758\ubb34\ud654 \ud558\uae30\ub85c \ud588\ub2e4. 1884\ub144\uc5d0 \uc6cc\uc2f1\ud134 D.C\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5f4\ub9b0 \ubcf8\ucd08\uc790\uc624\uc120\ud68c\uc758<sup>Prime Meridian Conference<\/sup>\uc5d0 \ucc38\uc11d\ud55c \uc624\uc2a4\ub9cc \ub300\ud45c\ub294 \uc624\uc2a4\ub9cc\uad6d\uc5d0\ub294 \uc5b8\uc81c\uae4c\uc9c0\ub098 \ub450 \uac1c\uc758 \uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \u2014 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uacf5\uc6a9 \uc2dc\uacc4\uc758 \uc54c\ub77c\ud22c\ub974\uce74 \uc2dc\uacc4\ud310 \uc606\uc5d0 \ud45c\uc900\uc2dc \uc2dc\uacc4\ud310\uc774 \u2014 \uc788\uc744 \uac83\uc774\ub77c \uc120\uc5b8\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thefunambulist.net\/app\/uploads\/fly-images\/1092266\/jacir-funambulist-2-900x600.jpg \" alt=\"\uae34 \ubcf5\ub3c4 \ud615\ud0dc\uc758 \uc804\uc2dc\uc7a5\uc744 \ucc0d\uc740 \uc0ac\uc9c4. \ubc14\ub85c \uc55e \ubc14\ub2e5\uc5d0\ub294 \ucee4\ub2e4\ub780 \ucca0\uc81c \uc885\uc774 \ub204\uc6cc \uc788\uace0 \uc624\ub978\ucabd \ubcbd\uc5d0\ub294 \uc2dc\uac04\ubc95 \ud3ec\uace0\ubb38\uc744 \uc2dc\uc791\uc73c\ub85c \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc561\uc790\uac00 \uac78\ub824 \uc788\uc73c\uba70 \uc911\uac04 \uc9c0\uc810\ucbe4\uc5d0 \ube0c\ub77c\uc6b4\uad00 \ud2f0\ube0c\uc774 \ud55c \ub300\uac00 \ub193\uc5ec\ub2e4. \uc67c\ucabd \ubcbd\uc5d0\ub294 \ucc3d\ubb38 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uac1c\uac00 \uc788\uace0 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \uc561\uc790 \uba87 \uac1c\uac00 \uac78\ub824 \uc788\ub2e4. \uac01\ub3c4 \uc0c1 \ubcbd\uc5d0 \uac78\ub9b0 \uc791\ud488 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc740 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc744 \uc54c\uc544\ubcf4\uae30 \uc5b4\ub835\ub2e4. \ubcf5\ub3c4 \ub05d\uc5d0\ub294 \ud48d\uacbd \uc0ac\uc9c4 \ud639\uc740 \uc601\uc0c1\uc778 \ub4ef\ud55c \uc791\ud488\uc774 \ubcf4\uc778\ub2e4.\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\uc5d0\ubc00\ub9ac \uc790\uc2dc\ub974 \u300a\ub300\ud3ec\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \uba54\ubaa8\u300b(2016) \uc804\uc2dc \uc804\uacbd. \ub4dc\ub2c8\uc2a4 \ubaa8\ud154 \ucd2c\uc601(2016). \/ \uc774 \uc791\uc5c5\uc740 \ub450 \uc810\uc758 \uc791\ud488\uc73c\ub85c \uad6c\uc131\ub41c\ub2e4. \ud558\ub098\ub294 \ud0ac\ub9cc\ud585\uc655\ub9bd\ubcd1\uc6d0 \uc2dc\uacc4\ud0c4\uc758 \uc7a5\uc18c\ud2b9\uc815\uc801 \uc0ac\uc6b4\ub4dc \uc791\uc5c5\uc774\uace0 \ub2e4\ub978 \ud558\ub098\ub294 \uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc\ud604\ub300\ubbf8\uc220\uad00((IMMA) \uba40\ud2f0\ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4 \uc124\uce58\ub2e4. \ud6c4\uc790\uc5d0\ub294 \uc791\uac00\uac00 \uc81c\uc791\ud55c \ub4dc\ub85c\uc789, \uc601\uc0c1, \ud14d\uc2a4\ud2b8, \uc0ac\uc9c4 \ub4f1\uc774 \uc758\ud68c\ub3c4\uc11c\uad00 \uc778\uc1c4\ubb3c\u00b7\uc0ac\uc9c4\ubd80 \uc874 D. \uc640\uc774\ud305 \uc544\uce74\uc774\ube0c\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc838\uc628 \uc218\uc9d1 \uc790\ub8cc \ubc0f \uc0ac\ubb3c\ub4e4, \u300a\ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc2e0\ubb38<sup>Falastin Newspaper<\/sup>\u300b \uae30\uc0ac\ub4e4 (\ubca0\uc774\ub8e8\ud2b8 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc5f0\uad6c\uc18c<sup>Institute of Palestine Studies<\/sup> \uc81c\uacf5), \ubc14\uc288\ubc14\uce78\ub974\ud06c \uc624\uc2a4\ub9cc\ub974 \uc544\ub974\uc2dc\ube44<sup>Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k Osmanl\u0131 Ar\u015fivi<\/sup>(\uc774\uc2a4\ud0c4\ubd88 \uc624\uc2a4\ub9cc\uad6d\uc544\uce74\uc774\ube0c)\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc838\uc628 \ubb38\uc11c \ud558\ub098, \uacf5\ud654\uad6d\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc30\ud3ec\ud55c 1982\ub144 \ud3ec\uc2a4\ud130(\ub9ac\ub128\ud640\ub3c4\uc11c\uad00 \uc81c\uacf5), \ubd81\uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc \uc544\ub9c8<sup>Armagh<\/sup>\uc758 \ud55c \uad50\ud68c\uc5d0 \uc124\uce58\ub418\uc5c8\ub358 19\uc138\uae30 \uc885(\ub7f0\ub358 T.\ubbf8\uc5b4\uc2a4\ud654\uc774\ud2b8\uc0e4\ud3a0\uacf5\ubc29<sup>T. Mears Whitechapel Foundry<\/sup> \uc81c\uc791), 19\uc138\uae30 \uc624\uc2a4\ub9cc \ube44\uc694\ub4dc\/\uc81c\ub2c8\uc2a4<sup>Billodes\/Zenith<\/sup> \ud68c\uc911\uc2dc\uacc4(\ucf58\uc2a4\ud0c4\ud2f0\ub178\ud50c K. \uc138\ub974\ud0a4\uc18c\ud504<sup>K. Serkisoff &amp; Co.<\/sup> \ube0c\ub79c\ub4dc) \ub4f1\uc774 \ud3ec\ud568\ub41c\ub2e4. [\uc5d0\ubc00\ub9ac \uc790\uc2dc\ub974 \uac1c\uc778]\uc804 \u300a\uc720\ub85c\ud30c<sup>Europa<\/sup>\u300b(2016-2017)\ub97c \uc704\ud574 IMMA\uc5d0\uc11c \uc758\ub8b0\ud55c \uc791\uc5c5\uc774\ub2e4.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc544\uce74\uc758 \uc624\uc2a4\ub9cc \uc2dc\uacc4\ud0d1\uc740 \uc624\ub298\ub0a0\uae4c\uc9c0\ub3c4 \ub0a8\uc544 \uc788\ub2e4. \ub0b4\uac00 1999\ub144\uc5d0 \ucc98\uc74c \ucd2c\uc601\ud55c \ub2f9\uc2dc\uc5d0\ub294 \uc2dc\uacc4\ud310\uc740 \uc804\ubd80 \uc0ac\ub77c\uc9c0\uace0 \ube48 \uad6c\uba4d\ub9cc \ub0a8\uc544 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. 1948\ub144\uc5d0 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uad6d\uc774 \uc120\ud3ec\ub41c \ud6c4\uc758 \uc2dc\uacc4 \uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0\ub97c \ud655\uc778\ud558\ub824\uace0 \uc544\uce74\uc774\ube0c\ub4e4\uc744 \ub4a4\uc838 \ubcf4\uc558\uc73c\ub098 \ud5c8\uc0ac\uc600\uace0 \uc544\ubb34\uac83\ub3c4 \ucc3e\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud588\ub2e4. \uc774\ub978\ubc14 \ubcf5\uc6d0 \uc774\uc804\uc758 \uac83\uc774\ub77c\uace0\ub294 \ub0b4\uac00 \ucc0d\uc740 \uc601\uc0c1\ubc16\uc5d0\ub294 \uac16\uace0 \uc788\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc2dc\uacc4\ud0d1\uc740 2001\ub144\uc5d0 \u201c\ubcf5\uc6d0\u201d\ub418\uc5c8\uace0 \ud2b9\ubcc4 \ud589\uc0ac\ub97c \uc5f4\uc5b4 \u2014 \uac01\uac01 \ud788\ube0c\ub9ac\uc5b4, (\uc720\ub7fd\uc2dd) \uc544\ub77c\ube44\uc544 \uc22b\uc790, \ub85c\ub9c8\uc790 \uc22b\uc790, \ub3d9\uc544\ub78d \uc22b\uc790\ub85c \ub41c \u2014 \uc2dc\uacc4 \ub124 \uac1c\ub97c \uc0c8\ub85c \uc124\uce58\ud588\ub2e4. \uc57c\ud30c\ubb38 \uc2dc\uacc4\ud0d1\uc740 \uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub818 \uc61b \uc131\ub3c4\uc758 \uc131\ubcbd\uc744 \u201c\ubcf5\uc6d0\u201d\ud558\uace0 \uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub78c\uc744 \ud604\ub300\uc801\uc774\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \u201c\uace0\ub300\uc758\u201d \uc131\uacbd \uc18d \uc7a5\uc18c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc874\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ucca0\uac70\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc544\uce74\uc758 \u201c\ubcf5\uc6d0\ub41c\u201d \uc0c8 \uc2dc\uacc4\ub4e4\uc740 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc5d0 \uc720\ub300\uc778\uc758 \uc874\uc7ac\ub97c \uc18c\uae09\uc801\uc6a9\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub824\ub294, \uadf8 \ub545\uc758 \uc2e4\uc81c \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc640 \uad00\uacc4\ub4e4\uc744 \uc9c0\uc6b0\ub294 \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uace0\ub300 \uc7a5\uc18c\ub4e4, \uc804\ud1b5\ub4e4\uacfc\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \uc5f0\uc18d\uc131\uc744 \ubd80\uacfc\ud558\ub824\ub294 \uc2dc\uc628\uc8fc\uc758 \uae30\ud68d\uc758 \uc77c\ub840\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc\ud604\ub300\ubbf8\uc220\uad00 \uc804\uc2dc\ub97c \uc704\ud574 \ucc98\uc74c\uc5d0 \uc81c\uc548\ud55c \uac83 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\ub294 \uc804\uc2dc \uae30\uac04\ub3d9\uc548 \ubbf8\uc220\uad00\uc744 \ub354\ube14\ub9b0\ud45c\uc900\uc2dc\ub85c \uc6b4\uc601\ud558\uace0 \uacf5\uacf5\uc7a5\uc18c\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uc2dc\uacc4\ub97c \uc804\ubd80 DMT\ub85c \ubc14\uafb8\uace0 \uac15\uc5f0 \ubc0f \ud589\uc0ac \uc77c\uc815\uc744 \uc804\ubd80 DMT\uc5d0 \ub9de\ucd94\uace0 \ub9e4\uc77c\uc758 \ud65c\ub3d9\uacfc \uc6f9\uc0ac\uc774\ud2b8\ub97c DMT\uc5d0 \ub9de\ucd94\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ubbf8\uc220\uad00\uc5d0\uc11c \uadf8\ub807\uac8c\ub294 \ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4\uace0 \ud574\uc11c \uadf8 \ub2e4\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uc655\ub9bd\ubcd1\uc6d0 \uc2dc\uacc4\ub97c 2016\ub144 11\uc6d4 24\uc77c \uc624\ud6c4 2\uc2dc 25\ubd84\uc5d0 \uba48\ucd94\uace0 \uc804\uc2dc \uae30\uac04 \ub3d9\uc548 \uc885\uc744 \uc6b8\ub9ac\uc9c0 \ub9d0\uc790\uace0 \uc81c\uc548\ud588\ub2e4. \uc804\uc2dc\uac00 \ub05d\ub098\uace0 2017\ub144 2\uc6d4 27\uc77c\ubd80\ud130 \uc2dc\uacc4\ub97c \uc7ac\uac00\ub3d9\ud558\ub294 \uc548\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc138 \ubc88\uc9f8 \uc81c\uc548\uc740 \uc804\uc2dc \uae30\uac04 \ub3d9\uc548 \ub9e4\uc77c \uc54c\ub77c\ud22c\ub974\uce74 \uc815\uc624\uc5d0 \ub300\ud3ec\ub97c \uc3d8\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4 \u2014 \ubbf8\uc220\uad00\uc5d0\uc11c \uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc\uad70\uc5d0 \uc5f0\ub77d\ud574\ubd10\uc8fc\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thefunambulist.net\/app\/uploads\/fly-images\/1092267\/jacir-funambulist-5-900x601.jpg\" alt=\"\uc790\uc720\ub370\ub9ac\ubbf8\uc220\uad00 \uc785\uad6c \uc0ac\uc9c4. \ubd89\uc740 \uac74\ubb3c\uc758 \ud604\uad00\ubb38 \uc606\uc5d0 \ucd08\uc0c1\ud654 \uc77c\ub7ec\uc2a4\ud2b8\uac00 \uac78\ub824 \uc788\ub2e4. \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uae43\ubc1c \ubb38\uc591\uc73c\ub85c \ud45c\ud604\ub41c \uae34 \uba38\ub9ac\uce74\ub77d\uc774 \uc6b0\uce21 \uc704\ub97c \ud5a5\ud574 \ubed7\uc5b4\ub098\uac00\ub294 \ubaa8\uc2b5\uc758 \uc606\uc5bc\uad74\uc774\ub2e4. \uc0ac\ub78c \uc624\ub978\ucabd\uc5d0\ub294 \uac19\uc740 \uae43\ubc1c \ubb38\uc591\uc73c\ub85c \uce60\ud574\uc9c4 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc9c0\ub3c4\uac00, \uc544\ub798\ucabd\uc5d0\ub294 \uc601\uc5b4\ub85c \uc4f4 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ubb38\uad6c\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4. \"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u300a\ub300\ud3ec\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \uba54\ubaa8\u300b(2016) \uc77c\ubd80. \uc790\uc720\ub370\ub9ac\ubbf8\uc220\uad00<sup>Free Derry Museum.<\/sup> \/ \uc5d0\ubc00\ub9ac \uc790\uc2dc\ub974 \ucd2c\uc601(2009)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\ub124 \ubc88\uc9f8 \uc81c\uc548 \u2014 \uc7a5\uc18c\ud2b9\uc815\uc801 \uc0ac\uc6b4\ub4dc \uac1c\uc785 \u2014 \uc774 \uc2e4\ud604\ub418\uc5b4, \uc655\ub9bd\ubcd1\uc6d0 \uc2dc\uacc4\ud0d1\uc5d0 \uc124\uce58\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc804\uc2dc \uae30\uac04 \ub3d9\uc548 \ub354\ube14\ub9b0\ud45c\uc900\uc2dc\ub85c \ub9e4\uc77c \ub0ae \uc5f4\ub450 \uc2dc\uc5d0 \uc2dc\uacc4\ud0d1\uc5d0\uc11c \uc885\uc774 \uc5f4\ub450 \ubc88 \uc6b8\ub824 \ud604\uc7ac\uc758 \uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc \ud45c\uc900 \uc2dc\uac04(GMT)\uacfc 35\ubd84 \uc5b4\uae0b\ub098\ub294 \uc815\uc624\ub97c \uc54c\ub838\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\ub2c8\uce58\ud45c\uc900\uc2dc \uc815\uc624\uc5d0\ub294 \ub2e8\ubc1c\uc758 \ud3ec\uc131\uc774 \uc6b8\ub838\ub2e4. \ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9\uc73c\ub85c \uc54c\ub77c\ud22c\ub974\uce74 \uc815\uc624\uc5d0\ub294 \uae30\ub3c4 \uc2dc\uac04\uc744 \uc54c\ub9ac\ub294 \uc18c\ub9ac\uac00 \uc77c\ub300\uc5d0 \uc6b8\ub838\ub2e4. \uae30\ub3c4 \uc2dc\uac04\uc744 \uc54c\ub77c\ud22c\ub974\uce74\uc5d0 \ub9de\ucd94\uc5b4 \uc54c\ub838\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc804\uc2dc \uae30\uac04\ub3d9\uc548 \ud0dc\uc591\uc744 \uae30\uc900\uc73c\ub85c \ubcfc \ub54c, \ub610\ud55c DMT. 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