{"id":3091,"date":"2026-07-06T22:38:28","date_gmt":"2026-07-06T13:38:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/slowlyaspossible.net\/pale-texts\/?p=3091"},"modified":"2026-07-06T22:38:30","modified_gmt":"2026-07-06T13:38:30","slug":"%ed%8f%89%ed%96%89-%ec%8b%9c%ea%b0%84-%ec%99%88%eb%a6%ac%eb%93%9c-%eb%8b%a4%ec%b9%b4-2005","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/slowlyaspossible.net\/pale-texts\/3091\/","title":{"rendered":"\ud3c9\ud589 \uc2dc\uac04 (\uc648\ub9ac\ub4dc \ub2e4\uce74, 2005)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group headnote has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p>\uc6d0\ubb38: <a href=\"https:\/\/mizna.org\/mizna-online\/on-parallel-time\/\">Walid Daqqa, trans. by Nour Eldin Hussein, \u201cOn Parallel Time,\u201d Mizna, 2025.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.arab48.com\/%D8%AB%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D9%81%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86\/%D9%86%D8%B5\/2010\/10\/31\/%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D8%AF%D9%82%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1!-\">\uc544\ub78d\uc5b4 \uc6d0\ubb38 (2010)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u201c\uc5ed\uc8fc\u201d\ub85c \ud45c\uae30\ud55c \uac01\uc8fc\uc640 [, ]\ub85c \ud45c\uae30\ud55c \ubb38\uad6c\ub294 \ubaa8\ub450 \ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4\ub85c \ubc88\uc5ed\ud558\uba74\uc11c \ucd94\uac00\ud55c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mizna.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/daqqa.jpg\" alt=\"\ubb34\ud55c \ub8e8\ud504\uc758 \uc6d0\uadfc\ubc95\uc744 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uad50\ub3c4\uc18c \uc811\uacac\uc2e4\uc744 \ubb18\uc0ac\ud55c \uc0c9\uc5f0\ud544 \uadf8\ub9bc.\n\n\uc804\uacbd \uc911\uc559\uc5d0\ub294 \uc8fc\ud669\uc0c9 \uc8c4\uc218\ubcf5\uc744 \uc785\uc740 \ub450 \uba85\uc758 \ub0a8\uc131\uc774 \ub4f1\ubc1b\uc774\uac00 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc6d0\ud615 \uc758\uc790\uc5d0 \uc549\uc544 \uc720\ub9ac\ucc3d \ub108\uba38\uc758 \uba74\ud68c\uac1d\ub4e4\uacfc \uc218\ud654\uae30\ub85c \uc18c\ud1b5\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc720\ub9ac\ucc3d \ubc18\ub300\ud3b8\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uba38\ub9ac\uc5d0 \uaf43\uc7a5\uc2dd\uc744 \ud55c \uc5ec\uc131\uacfc \uc544\uc774\ub97c \ub370\ub9ac\uace0 \ud788\uc7a1\uc744 \ucc29\uc6a9\ud55c \uc5ec\uc131\uc774 \uac01\uac01 \uc218\ud654\uae30\ub97c \ub4e4\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.\n\n\uacf5\uac04 \uad6c\uc870\ub294 \ube44\ud604\uc2e4\uc801\uc774\ub2e4. \uc0ac\uba74\uc758 \ubcbd\uacfc \ubc14\ub2e5, \ucc9c\uc7a5\uc5d0\ub294 \uba74\ud68c\uc6a9 \uc758\uc790, \ube57\uc7a5\uc774 \uac78\ub9b0 \ubb38\uc774 \ubd99\uc5b4 \uc788\uace0 \uc911\uc559\uc758 \uc720\ub9ac\ucc3d \ub108\uba38\ub85c\ub3c4 \uac19\uc740 \uad6c\uc870\uc758 \uacf5\uac04\uc774 \uc18c\uc2e4\uc810\uc744 \ud5a5\ud574 \ub05d\uc5c6\uc774 \uc791\uc544\uc9c0\uba70 \ubc18\ubcf5\ub41c\ub2e4. \uc804\uccb4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uac70\uce5c \uc5f0\ud544 \uc9c8\uac10\uc758 \ud68c\uc0c9 \ud1a4\uc774 \uc9c0\ubc30\uc801\uc774\uba70, \ucc44\ub3c4\ub294 \ub192\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc9c0\ub9cc \ud478\ub978\uc0c9 \ubb38\uacfc \uc8fc\ud669\uc0c9 \uc758\ubcf5\uc774 \uc0c9\ucc44 \ub300\ube44\ub97c \uc774\ub8ec\ub2e4.\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\uc648\ub9ac\ub4dc \ub2e4\uce74\uac00 \uc625\uc911\uc5d0\uc11c \uadf8\ub9b0 \uadf8\ub9bc.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ub098\uc758 \ud615\uc81c \uc544\ubd80 \uc624\ub9c8\ub974\uc5d0\uac8c.<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-3091-1'><a href='#fn-3091-1' rel='footnote'>[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc624\ub298\uc740 3\uc6d4 25\uc77c, \ub0b4\uac00 \uac10\uc625\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcf4\ub0b4\ub294 \uc2a4\ubb34 \ubc88\uc9f8 \ud574\uc758 \uccab \ub0a0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5b4\ub290 \uc80a\uc740 \ub3d9\uc9c0\uc758 \uc0dd\uc77c\uc774\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\uc8e0. \uc774\ub7f0 \u201c\ud2b9\ubcc4\ud55c \ub0a0\u201d \u2014 \ub098\uc758 \uc218\uac10\ub41c \ub0a0\uc774\uc790 \ub3d9\uc9c0\uac00 \ud0dc\uc5b4\ub09c \ub0a0 \u2014 \uc774\uba74 \ub0b4\uac00 \ud63c\uc7a3\ub9d0\ub85c \ubb3b\uace4 \ud558\ub294 \uc9c8\ubb38\ub4e4\uc774 \ub5a0\uc624\ub985\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub450 \uc544\uc774\uc758 \uc5c4\ub9c8\uac00 \ub41c \ub808\ub098\uac00 \uc774\uc81c \uba87 \uc0b4\uc774\ub354\ub77c? \uc138 \uc544\uc774\ub97c \ub0b3\uc740 \ub098\uc990\ub77c\ub294? \ub538\uc744 \ub0b3\uc740 \ud558\ub2cc\uc740? \uc81c \uccad\ucd98\uc5d0 \uc791\ubcc4\uc744 \uace0\ud558\uace0 \ubbf8\uad6d\uc73c\ub85c \uc720\ud559\uc744 \ub5a0\ub0ac\uc9c0\ub09c \ub098\ub294 \uc778\uc0ac\ub97c \uc804\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud55c \uc624\ubca0\uc774\ub2e4\ub294? \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \u2014 \ub0b4\uac00 \uccb4\ud3ec\ub420 \ub54c \uc544\uc9c1 \uc5b4\ub9b0 \uc544\uc774\uc600\uac70\ub098 \uadf8 \ub4a4\uc5d0 \ud0dc\uc5b4\ub09c \u2014 \ub0b4 \ub3d9\uc0dd\ub4e4, \uc774\uc81c \uacb0\ud63c\ud558\uace0 \uc544\uc774\ub97c \ub0b3\uc544 \uc5c4\ub9c8\uc544\ube60\uac00 \ub41c \uadf8 \u201c\uc544\uc774\ub4e4\u201d\uc740 \uba87 \uc0b4\uc774\ub354\ub77c?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc804\uc5d0\ub294 \uc774\ub7f0 \uac78 \ubb3b\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub113\uc740 \uc758\ubbf8\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc2dc\uac04, \uadf8\uac83\uc774 \uc5bc\ub9c8\ub098 \ud758\ub7ec\uac14\ub294\uc9c0. \uae08\uc138 \ub05d\ub098\ubc84\ub9ac\ub294 \uba87 \ubd84 \uc548 \ub418\ub294 \uc9e7\uc740 \uac00\uc871 \uba74\ud68c \uc2dc\uac04\uc5d0 \ube44\ud558\uba74 \uadf8\ub7f0 \uac83\ub4e4\uc740 \uc2e0\uacbd \uc4f0\uc774\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc190\ubc14\ub2e5\uc5d0 \ube7c\uace1\uc774 \uc801\uc5b4\ub454 \uba54\ubaa8\ub4e4, \uc0ac\ub098\uc5d0\uac8c<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-3091-2'><a href='#fn-3091-2' rel='footnote'>[2]<\/a><\/sup> \ub9e1\uae38 \uc628\uac16 \uc77c\ub4e4 \u2014 \ub9c9\uc911\ud55c \uc784\ubb34\ub4e4 \u2014 \uc744 \ub2e4 \uc804\ud558\uae30\uc5d0\ub294 \ub108\ubb34 \uc21c\uc2dd\uac04\uc774\uac70\ub4e0\uc694. \uadf8 \uc77c\ub4e4\uc744 \ub2e4 \ud558\ub294 \uac74 \ub9d0\ud560 \uac83\ub3c4 \uc5c6\uace0 \ub2e4 \uae30\uc5b5\ud558\uae30\uc5d0\ub9cc\ub3c4 \ub9d0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uba74\ud68c \ub54c \ud39c\uc774\ub098 \uc885\uc774\ub97c \uc4f0\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uac8c \ud558\ub294\uc9c0\ub77c \uc678\uc6b0\ub294 \uc218\ubc16\uc5d0\ub294 \uc5c6\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub798\uc11c \ub098\ub294 \uba87 \ub144 \uc804\ubd80\ud130 \uc5b4\uba38\ub2c8\uc758 \uc5bc\uad74\uc5d0 \ud328\uc774\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud55c \uc8fc\ub984\uc744 \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\ub294 \uac78, \ub0b4\uac00 \ub2f9\uc2e0\uc758 \uc9c4\uc9dc \uc5f0\uc138\ub97c \uac71\uc815\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub3c4\ub85d \uc0c8\uc5b4\ubc84\ub9b0 \uba38\ub9ac\ub97c \uc228\uae30\ub824 \ud5e4\ub098\ub85c \uc5fc\uc0c9\ud558\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud55c \uc5b4\uba38\ub2c8\uc758 \uba38\ub9ac\ub97c \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\ub294 \uac78 \uc78a\uc5b4\ubc84\ub9ac\uace4 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc9c4\uc9dc \ub098\uc774\ub77c. \ub098\ub294 \uc5b4\uba38\ub2c8\uc758 \u201c\uc9c4\uc9dc \ub098\uc774\u201d\ub97c \ubaa8\ub985\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5b4\uba38\ub2c8\uc5d0\uac90 \ub098\uc774\uac00 \ub450 \uac1c \uc788\uc8e0. \ud558\ub098\ub294 \ub0b4\uac00 \ubaa8\ub974\ub294 \uc2e4\uc81c \ub098\uc774\uace0 \ub2e4\ub978 \ud558\ub098\ub294 \uc218\uac10 \ub098\uc774\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8 \ud3c9\ud589 \uc2dc\uac04\uc5d0\uc11c \uadf8\ub140\uc758 \ub098\uc774\ub294 \uc5f4\uc544\ud649\uc774\ub77c \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2018\ud3c9\ud589 \uc2dc\uac04\u2019\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uaed8 \ud3b8\uc9c0\ub97c \ubcf4\ub0c5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc7a5\uc18c\uac00 \uace0\uc815\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub294 \ud3c9\ud589 \uc2dc\uac04\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ubd84\uc774\ub098 \uc2dc \uac19\uc740, \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uc758 \uc2dc\uac04\uc5d0 \uc4f0\uc774\ub294 \ud45c\uc900 \ub2e8\uc704\ub97c \uc4f0\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0 \uac74 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \uc2dc\uac04\uacfc \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uc758 \uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \uba74\ud68c\uc2e4 \ucc3d\ubb38\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ub9cc\ub0a0 \ub54c\ub9cc, \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uc758 \uc5f0\ub300\uae30\uc801 \ubc29\uc2dd\uacfc \uad50\ub958\ud574\uc57c\ub9cc \ud558\ub294 \ub54c\uc5d0\ub9cc \uc4f0\uc8e0. \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uc758 \uc2dc\uac04\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ubc95\uc744 \uae30\uc5b5\ud558\ub294, \uc544\uc9c1 \ubcc0\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uac83\uc740 \uadf8\uac8c \uc720\uc77c\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc80a\uc740 \uc778\ud2f0\ud30c\ub2e4 \ub300\ud45c\ub4e4\uc758 \uc785\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \u2014 \uc2e4\uc740 \uac1c\uc778\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub4e4\uc740 \ub9d0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4 \u2014 \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uc758 \uc2dc\uac04\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub9ce\uc740 \uac83\uc774 \ubc14\ub00c\uc5c8\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc54c\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc804\ud654\uae30\uc5d0\ub294 \uc774\uc81c \ud68c\uc804\uc2dd \ub2e4\uc774\uc5bc\uc774 \uc5c6\uace0, \ub3d9\uc804\uc744 \ub123\ub294 \uac8c \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uce74\ub4dc\ub97c \uc368\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\uace0\uc694. \uc790\ub3d9\ucc28 \ud0c0\uc774\uc5b4\ub3c4 \ucd94\uac00\uc801\uc778 \ub0b4\ubd80 \uad6c\uc870\ubb3c\uc774 \uc5c6\uace0 \ud29c\ube0c\ub9ac\uc2a4 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc774\ub77c\uace0\uc694.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc801\uc774 \uc778\uc0c1\uc801\uc774\ub354\uad70\uc694! \ud0c0\uc774\uc5b4\ub97c \uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c \ubc00\ud3d0\ub418\ub294 \uc7ac\ub8cc\ub85c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\uc11c \ub07c\uc6b0\uae30\ub9cc \ud558\uba74 \uc800\uc808\ub85c \uae08\uc0c8 \uad6c\uba4d\uc774 \ub9c9\ud788\uace0 \uacf5\uae30\uac00 \uc0c8\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub2e4\ub2c8\uc694. \uc815\ub9d0\uc774\uc9c0 \uac10\uba85 \ubc1b\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uc790\uc871\uc801\uc778 \uad6c\uc870 \u2014 \ud29c\ube0c\ub9ac\uc2a4 \uad6c\uc870 \u2014 \uc758 \uc55e\uae38\uc5d0 \uac04\uc218\ub4e4\uc774 \uae54\uc544 \ub193\uc740 \uc555\uc815\uc5d0 \uc800\ud56d\ud558\ub294 \uc218\uac10\uc790\uc640 \ube44\uc2b7\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub098\uc694. \ub300\uac1c \uc218\uac10\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c\ub294 \uadf8\ub7f0 \uc790\ub3d9 \uc218\ub9ac \uc678\uc5d0\ub294 \ud0c8\ucd9c\uad6c\uac00 \uc5c6\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \uc6b4\uc804\uc218 \ud639\uc740 \uc6b4\uc804\uc218\ub4e4\uc740 \ubc1f\uae30 \uc804\uc5d0\ub294 \uae38\uc5d0 \ub193\uc5ec \uc788\ub294 \uc555\uc815\uc744, \uac78\ub824 \ub118\uc5b4\uc9c0\uae30 \uc804\uc5d0\ub294 \uae38\uc758 \uc694\ucca0\uc744 \ubcf4\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uc8e0. \uc9c0\ub984\uae38\uc744 \uac00\ub290\ub77c \u2014 \uac70\ub9ac\ub97c \uc904\uc774\uace0 \uc218\uace0\ub97c \ub354\ub290\ub77c \u2014 \uadf8\ub7fd\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac \uc6b4\uc804\uc218\ub4e4\uc774 \uc870\uc2ec\uc131\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \uac74 \uc544\ub2d9\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\uc800 \uc18d \ud29c\ube0c\uc5d0 \uc758\uc9c0\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub9c8\uce58 \uadf8\uac8c \ud53c\uc640 \uc0b4\uc774 \uc544\ub2cc \uc591 \u2014 \uc885\ucc29\uc9c0\ub3c4 \ubaa9\uc801\uc9c0\ub3c4 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc591 \ub9d0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc2dc\uc7a5, \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uacc4\ub7b5\ub4e4\uc758 \uc2dc\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \uc8fc\uace0 \ubc1b\ub294 \ud604\uae08 \uac19\uc544 \uc9c8 \ub54c\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub9d0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201c\uc774 \ud0c0\uc774\uc5b4\ub97c \ub4dc\ub9b4 \ud14c\ub2c8 \ucc28\ub97c \uc880 \ub0b4\uc5b4 \uc8fc\uc2dc\uc8e0.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ucc28\uac00 \uc5c6\ub294\ub370 \ud0c0\uc774\uc5b4\uac00 \ubb34\uc2a8 \uc4f8\ubaa8\uac00 \uc788\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\uae4c?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uacfc \uc544\ub78d\uc758 \uc9c0\ub3c4\ubd80\uac00 \uac1c\uc120\ub418\uae30\ub97c \ubc14\ub78d\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac \ubbfc\uc871\uacfc \uadf8 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \ud798\uc774 \uadf8\ub7f0 \ub0b4\uc801, \uac00\uc9c0\ud68c\ubcf5\uc801 \uad6c\uc870\ub97c \uac16\uac8c \ub418\uae30\ub97c \ubc14\ub78d\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\uba74 \u201c\uae34\uae09 \ucd9c\ub3d9 \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4\u201d\ub97c \uc790\ucc98\ud558\ub294 \uc774\ub4e4 \u2014 \uc624\ub298\ub0a0 \ub808\ubc14\ub17c \ub545\uc744 \uc8c4 \ub9dd\uac00\ub728\ub9ac\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \ubbf8\uad6d\uc778\ub4e4\uacfc \uadf8 \ub3d9\ub958\ub4e4 \u2014 \uc5d0\uac8c \uae30\ub300\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc544\ub3c4 \ub420 \ud14c\ub2c8\uae4c\uc694. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \u2014 \uc815\uce58 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ub294, \ud2b9\ud788 \uc624\ub298\uc740, \ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uae30\ub85c \ub9c8\uc74c \uba39\uc5c8\uc9c0\ub9cc \u2014 \uc815\uce58 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ub97c \ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\uba74, \ud3c9\ud589 \uc2dc\uac04\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uc774 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub97c \ubcf4\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc744 \ub54c\ub3c4 \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uc744 \ubd05\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uc774 \uc6b0\ub9ac \uc18c\uc2dd\uc744 \ub4e3\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc744 \ub54c\ub3c4 \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uc758 \uc18c\uc2dd\uc744 \uc804\ubd80 \ub4e3\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub9c8\uce58 \uc6b0\ub9ac \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc778\uc0ac\ub97c \ud0dc\uc6b0\ub294 \ucc28\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \ud55c\ucabd\ub9cc \uce60\ud574\uc9c4 \uc720\ub9ac\ucc3d\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \uac83 \uac19\uc774\uc694. \uc6b0\ub9ac \uc911\uc5d0 \ub9c8\uce58 \uc790\uc2e0\uc774 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\uc774\uae30\ub77c\ub3c4 \ud55c \uac83\ucc98\ub7fc \uac70\ub4e4\uba39\uac70\ub9ac\ub294 \uc774\uac00 \uc0dd\uae38 \uc815\ub3c4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\uc774\ub77c\uace0, \uadf8\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc124\ub4dd\ub2f9\ud574 \ubc84\ub9ac\uace0 \ub9d0\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc544\ub2d0 \uac83\ub3c4 \uc5c6\uc8e0! \uadf8\ub9cc\ud07c \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud55c \uc0c1\ud669\uc774\uae34 \ud558\ub2c8\uae4c\uc694. \uc6b0\ub9ac \ub9d0\uace0\ub294 \uc804 \uc138\uacc4\uc758 \uc218\uac10\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uad6d\uac00\uc640 \uc815\ubd80\uac00 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc5d0\uac8c\ub294 \uad6d\uac00 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc815\ubd80\uc758 \ubd80\ucc98\uac00 \uc788\uace0\uc694!<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-3091-3'><a href='#fn-3091-3' rel='footnote'>[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \u2014 \ubaa8\ub974\uc2dc\ub294 \ubd84\ub4e4\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \ub9d0\ud558\uc790\uba74 \u2014 \ub0c9\uc810\uc774 \ub05d\ub098\uace0 \uc18c\ub828\uacfc \uacf5\uc0b0\uc8fc\uc758 \ube14\ub85d\uc774 \ubd95\uad34\ud558\uae30 \uc804\ubd80\ud130, \ubca0\ub97c\ub9b0 \uc7a5\ubcbd\uc774 \ubb34\ub108\uc9c0\uae30 \uc804\ubd80\ud130, \uc81c 1, 2, 3\ucc28 \uac78\ud504\uc804 \uc804\ubd80\ud130, [1991\ub144] \ub9c8\ub4dc\ub9ac\ub4dc \ud68c\ub2f4\uacfc [1993\ub144] \uc624\uc2ac\ub85c \ud611\uc815 \uc804\ubd80\ud130, \uc81c 1, 2\ucc28 \uc778\ud2f0\ud30c\ub2e4\uac00 \ubc8c\uc5b4\uc9c0\uae30 \uc804\ubd80\ud130 \uc5ec\uae30 \ud3c9\ud589 \uc2dc\uac04\uc5d0 \uc0b4\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc800 \ud601\uba85\ub9cc\ud07c\uc774\ub098 \uc624\ub798, \uba87\uba87 \ubd84\ud30c\ub4e4\uc758 \ud0c4\uc0dd \uc774\uc804\ubd80\ud130 \ud3c9\ud589 \uc2dc\uac04\uc5d0 \uc0b4\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc544\ub78d \uc704\uc131 \ucc44\ub110\ub4e4\uc774 \uc0dd\uae30\uae30 \uc804\ubd80\ud130, \ub300\ub3c4\uc2dc\uc5d0 \ud584\ubc84\uac70 \ubb38\ud654\uac00 \ud37c\uc9c0\uae30 \uc804\ubd80\ud130\uc774\uae30\ub3c4 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \ud734\ub300 \uc804\ud654\uc758 \ubc1c\uba85\uc774\ub098 \uac16\uac00\uc9c0 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ud1b5\uc2e0 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uacfc \uc778\ud130\ub137\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uba3c\uc800\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80\uc774\uba70 \uc5ed\uc0ac\ub294 \u2014 \uc798 \uc54c\ub824\uc838 \uc788\ub4ef \u2014 [\ud604\uc7ac\ub97c \uad6c\uc131\ud558\ub294] \uc870\uac74\uc774\uc790 \uacfc\uac70\uc758 \uc77c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub9cc \ube7c\uace0 \ub9d0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \ub05d\uc5c6\ub294 \uacfc\uac70 \uc9c4\ud589\ud615\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc774 \uacfc\uac70\uac00 \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uc758 \ubbf8\ub798\uac00 \ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub3c4\ub85d, \uacfc\uac70\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ud604\uc7ac\uc758 \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uc5d0\uac8c \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ub97c \uac74\ub135\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \uc2dc\uac04\uc740 \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uc758 \uc2dc\uac04\uacfc \ub2e4\ub974\ub2e4\uace0 \ub9d0\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \uc2dc\uac04\uc740 \uacfc\uac70, \ud604\uc7ac, \ubbf8\ub798\uc758 \ucd95\uc744 \ub530\ub77c \ub098\uc544\uac00\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uace0\uc815\ub41c \uc7a5\uc18c\uc5d0\uc11c \ud750\ub974\ub294 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \uc2dc\uac04\uc740 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \uc5b8\uc5b4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2dc\uac04\uacfc \uc7a5\uc18c\ub77c\ub294 \uc804\ud615\uc801\uc778 \uac1c\ub150\ub4e4\uc744 \ubab0\uc544\ub0c5\ub2c8\ub2e4 \u2014 \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uc758 \uae30\uc900\uc744 \ub530\ub974\uc790\uba74 \uadf8 \uac1c\ub150\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ud63c\ub780\uc744 \uc77c\uc73c\ud0a8\ub2e4\uace0 \ud560 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\uaca0\uc9c0\uc694. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uba74 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \u201c\uc5b8\uc81c\u201d, \u201c\uc5b4\ub514\uc5d0\uc11c\u201d \ub9cc\ub0a0 \uac70\ub0d0\uace0 \ubb3b\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ubbf8 \ub9cc\ub0ac\uace0, \uadf8\ub7fc\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uac19\uc740 \uacf3\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9cc\ub0a9\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uacfc\uac70\uc640 \ud604\uc7ac\uc758 \ucd95\uc744 \uc720\uc5f0\ud558\uac8c \uc55e\ub4a4\ub85c \uc624\uac00\uba70, \ud604\uc7ac\uc758 \uc774 \uc21c\uac04 \uc774\ud6c4\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc21c\uac04\uc740 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub85c\uc11c\ub294 \uc0c1\ud638\uc791\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \ubbf8\uc9c0\uc758 \ubbf8\ub798\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \ubbf8\ub798\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc5c6\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4 \u2014 \uc544\ub78d \uc81c \ubbfc\uc871\uc758 \uc0c1\ud669\uacfc \uaf64 \ube44\uc2b7\ud55c \uc0c1\ud669\uc774\uae30\ub294 \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub97c \uc810\ub839\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc678\uc138\uc774\uace0 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \uac04\uc218\ub294 \uc544\ub78d\uc778\uc774\ub77c\ub294, \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \ubbf8\ub798\ub97c \ucc3e\ub2e4 \uc5ec\uae30 \uc218\uac10\ub418\uc5c8\uace0 \uac70\uae30\uc5d0\ub294 \ubbf8\ub798\uac00 \uc0dd\ub9e4\uc7a5\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uadfc\ubcf8\uc801\uc778 \ucc28\uc774\uac00 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud3c9\ud589 \uc2dc\uac04\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0b4\uc544\uac00\ub294 \uc6b0\ub9ac \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc740 \uc5b4\ub9b0 \uc2dc\uc808\uc5d0 \ubc1b\uace4\ud558\ub294 \uc9c8\ubb38 \u2014 \ud06c\uba74 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc774 \ub418\uace0 \uc2f6\ub0d0\ub294 \u2014 \uc5d0 \ub2f5\uc744 \ub0b4\ub9ac\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud55c \ucc44\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub098\ub294 \uc9c0\uae08\uae4c\uc9c0\ub3c4 \u2014 \ub9c8\ud754\ub124 \uc0b4\uc778\ub370\ub3c4 \u2014 \ucee4\uc11c \ubb50\uac00 \ub418\uace0 \uc2f6\uc740\uc9c0 \ubaa8\ub974\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uac1c\ub150\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc5d0 \ub0b4\uc7ac\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub77c\uba74 \u2014 \uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc758 \uc6b4\ub3d9\ud558\ub294 \uce21\uba74\uc774\ub77c\uba74 \u2014 \ud3c9\ud589 \uc2dc\uac04\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uadf8\ub7f0 \uc2dc\uac04\uc758 \ub2e8\uc704\uac00 \ub41c \uc148\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc7a5\uc18c\uc640 \uc528\ub984\ud558\ub294 \uc2dc\uac04\uc774\uba70 \uc7a5\uc18c\uc640 \ub0b4\uc801 \ubaa8\uc21c \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc5d0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc2dc\uac04\uc758 \ub2e8\uc704\uac00 \ub418\uc5b4\ubc84\ub838\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc544\ubb34\uac1c\uc758 \uccb4\ud3ec, \ub204\uad6c\ub204\uad6c\uc758 \uc218\uac10, \ud639\uc740 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \uc11d\ubc29\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc2dc\uac04 \ucd95\uc758 \uc2dc\uc810\ub4e4\uc744 \ud45c\uc2dc\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud3c9\ud589 \uc2dc\uac04\uc758 \uc0b6\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uadf8\ub7f0 \uac83\ub4e4\uc774 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc5f0\ub300\uae30\uc801 \uc0ac\uac74\ub4e4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uc758 \uc2dc\uac04 \ub2e8\uc704\ub85c \uc2dc\uc640 \ub0a0\uacfc \uc5ed\uc0ac\ub97c \uc815\uc758\ud558\ub294 \ubc95\uc744 \uc54c\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uadf8\ub7f0 \ub2e8\uc704\ub294 \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c\ub294 \uc4f0\uc774\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc758 \ub2e8\uc704\ub294 \uc544\ubb34\uac1c\uac00 \uc628 \ub0a0, \uc544\ub2c8\uba74 \ub204\uad6c\ub204\uad6c\uac00 \ud480\ub824\ub098\uae30 \uc804\uc5d0 \ud639\uc740 \ud480\ub824\ub09c \ud6c4\uc5d0, \uc0ac\uac74 X\uac00 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub0ac\ub2e4\ub294 \uc2dd\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc544\ubb34\uac1c\uac00 \ubbf8\ub798\uc758 \uc5b4\ub290 \uc2dc\uc810\uc5d0 \uccb4\ud3ec\ub420\uc9c0, \uc5b4\ub290 \ub54c\uc5d0 \uc774\uac10\ub420\uc9c0 \uc54c \uc218 \uc5c6\uae30\uc5d0, \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc5d0\uac8c\ub294 \ubbf8\ub798\uc758 \uc0ac\uac74\uc744 \uaddc\uc815\ud560 \ub3c4\ub9ac\uac00 \uc5c6\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub798\uc11c \ubbf8\ub798\ub97c \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ud560 \ub54c \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uc758 \uc5f0\ub300\uae30\uc801 \ub2e8\uc704\ub97c \ube4c\ub824\ub2e4 \uc501\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uc758 \uc2dc\uac04\uc740 \uc9c4\uc9dc \uc2dc\uac04\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uc758 \uc2dc\uac04\uc740 \ubbf8\ub798\uc758 \uc2dc\uac04\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud3c9\ud589 \uc2dc\uac04 \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc640 \uc7a5\uc18c\uc758 \uac08\ub4f1 \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c, \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc774\uc0c1\ud55c \uc0ac\ubb3c\ub4e4\uacfc \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ub9fa\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud3c9\ud589 \uc2dc\uac04\uc5d0 \uac07\ud600 \uc788\ub294 \uc774\ub4e4 \ub9d0\uace0\ub294 \ub204\uad6c\ub3c4 \uc774\ud574 \ubabb\ud560 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c\uc694. \uc218\uac10\uc790\uc640 \uadf8\uac00 \uccb4\ud3ec\ub418\uae30 \uc9c1\uc804\uc5d0 \uc785\uc5c8\ub358 \uc18d\uc637\uacfc\uc758 \uac10\uc815\uc801 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uc774\ud574\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\uae4c. \ubbf8\ub9ac \uc815\ud574\uc838 \uc788\ub294 \uc0ac\ubb3c\ub4e4, \uc783\uc5b4\ubc84\ub9ac\uba74 \ub108\ubb34 \uc2ac\ud37c \ub208\ubb3c\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub098\uc62c \uadf8\ub7f0 \uc0ac\ubb3c\ub4e4\uacfc\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\uc758 \uae4a\uc774\ub97c \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uc124\uba85\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\uae4c. \ub77c\uc774\ud130\ub098 \ub2f4\ubc43\uac11 \uac19\uc740 \ubb3c\uac74\ub4e4\uc774 \uae4a\uc740 \uac10\uc815\uc801 \uc758\ubbf8\ub97c \uac16\uac8c \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \u201c\ubbf8\ub798\u201d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc9c0\ub2c8\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub358 \ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9 \ubb3c\uac74\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud55c \uac83\uc774\ub2c8\uae4c\uc694. \ud55c\ub54c \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ud3c9\ud589 \uc2dc\uac04 \ubc14\uae65\uc5d0 \uc874\uc7ac\ud588\uc74c\uc744 \ud655\uc778\uc2dc\ucf1c \uc8fc\ub294 \uac83 \u2014 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uc758 \uc2dc\uac04\uc5d0 \uc18c\uc18d\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uc99d\uac70 \u2014 \ub784\uae4c\uc694. \uadf8\uc800 \uc4f0\ub2e4\uac00 \uc18c\uc6a9\uc744 \ub2e4\ud558\uba74 \uc4f0\ub808\uae30\ud1b5\uc5d0 \ub358\uc838 \ubc84\ub9b4 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ubb3c\uac74\uc774 \uc544\ub2d9\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud3c9\ud589 \uc2dc\uac04\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ubc14\ub2e4\uc5d0 \uac00\ub77c\uc549\ub294 \uc774\uc758 \ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9 \uad6c\uba85 \uc870\ub07c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1996\ub144\uc5d0\ub294 \uc2ed \ub144\ub9cc\uc5d0 \ucc98\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c \uc2a4\ubc14\ub8e8 \uacbd\uc801 \uc18c\ub9ac\ub97c \ub4e3\uace0 \ub208\ubb3c\uc744 \ud758\ub838\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \uc2dc\uac04\uc5d0\uc11c \uc790\ub3d9\ucc28 \uacbd\uc801\uc740 \uadf8\uc800 \uc9c0\ub098\uac00\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc5d0\uac8c \uacbd\uace0\ub97c \ubcf4\ub0b4\ub294 \uc6a9\ub3c4\uac00 \uc544\ub2d9\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc778\uac04 \uac10\uc815\uc758 \uac00\uc7a5 \uae4a\uc740 \uacf3\uc744 \ud718\uc813\uae30 \uc2ed\uc0c1\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud3c9\ud589 \uc2dc\uac04\uc758 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc740 \uc7a5\uc18c\uc640\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc0ac\ubb3c\uacfc\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\ub9cc\ud07c\uc774\ub098 \uc774\uc0c1\ud55c \uad00\uacc4\ub3c4 \ub9fa\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uac70\uae30 \uc788\uc73c\uba74 \ubb38\ub4dd \uc218\uc6a9\uc2e4 \ucc9c\uc7a5\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uc5bc\ub8e9\uacfc \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud55c \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ub9fa\uac8c \ub418\uc8e0. \ubb3c\uc774 \uc0c8\uac70\ub098 \uc2b5\uae30\uac00 \ucc28\uc11c \uc0dd\uae30\ub294 \uc5bc\ub8e9\ub4e4 \ub9d0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubb38\uc5d0 \ub09c \uad6c\uba4d\uc774\ub098 \uac08\ub77c\uc9c4 \ud2c8\uacfc \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ub9fa\uae30\ub3c4 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc218\uc6a9\uc2e4\uacfc \uac70\uae30 \ub09c \uad6c\uba4d\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ucc9c\uad6d\uacfc \ucc9c\uad6d\uc758 \ubb38\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ub300\ud654\ub77c\ub3c4 \ub418\ub294 \uc591 \uc5f4\uc815\uacfc \uac10\uc815\uc5d0 \uac00\ub4dd \ucc28\uc11c \ub07c\uc5b4\ub4e4\uace0 \uc124\uba85\ud558\uace0 \ud558\ub294 \uadf8\ub7f0 \ub300\ud654\ub97c \ub204\uac00 \uc774\ud574\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc744\uae4c\uc694.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uccab \ubc88\uc9f8 \uc218\uac10\uc790: \u201c4\uad6c\uc5ed \ub9cc\ud55c \ub370\ub3c4 \uc5c6\uc9c0 \u2026 \uc544, 4\uad6c\uc5ed \uc2dc\uc808\uc774 \uc88b\uc558\ub294\ub370 \u2026 \u201d<br>\ub450 \ubc88\uc9f8 \uc218\uac10\uc790: \u201c\ub9de\ub294 \ub9d0\uc774\uc57c, 4\uad6c\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 7\ubc88 \uc218\uc6a9\uc2e4\uc774 \ucd5c\uace0\uc600\uc9c0.\u201d<br>\uccab \ubc88\uc9f8 \uc218\uac10\uc790: (\uadf8 \uc2dc\uc808\uc744 \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uba70 \uac00\uc2b4\uc774 \uc544\ud30c \uae4a\uc740 \ud55c\uc228\uc744 \ub0b4\uc26c\ub2e4 \ub07c\uc5b4\ub4e4\uba70) \u201c\ub9de\uc544, \uadf8\ub7ac\uc9c0. \uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \uadf8\uac70 \uc544\ub098? \uc774 \ubc29\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc544\uce68\uc774 \ub418\ub294 \uc18c\ub9ac\ub97c \uc815\ud655\ud788 \ub4e4\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc9c0 \u2014 \uace0\uc18d\ub3c4\ub85c \ucc28 \uc18c\ub9ac \ub9d0\uc774\uc57c.\u201d<br>\ub450 \ubc88\uc9f8 \uc218\uac10\uc790: (\uc5ed\uc2dc \ub07c\uc5b4\ub4e4\uba70) \u201c\uadf8\uac8c \ubb50 \ubcc4 \uac70\ub77c\uace0. \uc218\uc6a9\uc2e4 \ubb38 \uc54c\uc9c0? \ubb38\uc774\ub791 \ubcbd \uc0ac\uc774, \uacbd\ucca9 \uc788\ub294 \ub370\uc5d0 2cm\uc9dc\ub9ac \ud2c8\uc774 \uc788\uac70\ub4e0. \ub204\uc6cc\uc11c\ub3c4 \ubc16\uc744 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\uc744 \ub9cc\ud07c \ub113\uc740 \ud2c8\uc774\uc57c. \uc9c0\uad6c \ub05d\uae4c\uc9c0\ub77c\ub3c4 \ub2e4 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\ub2e8 \ub9d0\uc774\uc9c0.\u201d<br>\uccab \ubc88\uc9f8 \uc218\uac10\uc790: \u201c\uc790\ub124, \ub300\uccb4 \ubb34\uc2a8 \uc18c\ub9b4 \ud558\ub294 \uac90\uac00. 4\ubc88 \uad6c\uc5ed\uc774 \ucd5c\uace0\ub77c\ub2c8\uae4c.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uafc8\uc774\ub780 \uc5bc\ub9c8\ub098 \uc18c\ubc15\ud55c\uc9c0, \uc778\uac04\uc774\ub780 \uc5bc\ub9c8\ub098 \uc704\ub300\ud55c\uc9c0, \uac10\uc625\uc774\ub780 \uc5bc\ub9c8\ub098 \uc881\uc740\uc9c0, \uc0ac\uc0c1\uc774\ub780 \uc5bc\ub9c8\ub098 \uad11\ub300\ud55c\uc9c0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc624\ub298 \uac19\uc740 \ub0a0 \uc774\ub7f0 \u2014 \uc2dc\uac04\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c, \uc7a5\uc18c\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c, \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \ud3c9\ud589 \uc2dc\uac04\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \u2014 \uae00\uc744 \uc4f8 \uc0dd\uac01\uc740 \uc544\ub2c8\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc815\uce58\uc5d0 \uad00\ud574\uc11c\ub098 \ucca0\ud559\uc5d0 \uad00\ud574\uc11c\ub3c4 \ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc2e4\uc740 \uc694\uc998 \uc2e0\uacbd \uc4f0\uc774\ub294 \uac83\ub4e4 \u2014 \ub0b4\uac00 \uc0ac\ub791\ud558\ub294 \uac83\ub4e4, \uc2eb\uc5b4\ud558\ub294 \uac83\ub4e4 \u2014 \uc5d0 \uad00\ud574 \uc4f8\uae4c \ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uacc4\ud68d\uc5d0 \uc5c6\ub358 \uae00\uc774\ub77c\ub2c8, \uacc4\ud68d\uc5d0 \uc5c6\ub358 \uc0b6\uacfc \ube44\uc2b7\ud55c \uac83 \uac19\uae30\ub3c4 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc2e4\uc740 \uadf8 \ubb34\uc5c7\ub3c4 \ub0b4\uac00 \uacc4\ud68d\ud55c \ubc14\ub294 \uc544\ub2c8\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc800\ud56d \ud22c\uc0ac\uac00 \ub418\ub294 \uac83\ub3c4, \uc815\ub2f9\uc774\ub098 \ubd84\ud30c\uc5d0 \uac00\uc785\ud558\ub294 \uac83\ub3c4, \uc2ec\uc9c0\uc5b4\ub294 \uc815\uce58\uc5d0 \ucc38\uc5ec\ud558\ub294 \uac83 \uc790\uccb4\ub3c4 \ub9d0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uac8c \uc2e4\uc218\ub77c\uc11c, \ud639\uc740 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc774\ub4e4\uc774 \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\ub294 \ub300\ub85c \uc815\uce58\ub780 \ubd88\ucf8c\ud558\uace0 \uc5ed\uaca8\uc6b4 \uac83\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud558\ub294 \ub9d0\uc774 \uc544\ub2d9\ub2c8\ub2e4 \u2014 \ub0b4\uac00 \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uae30\uc5d0 \uc774\ub7f0 \uac83\ub4e4\uc740 \uac70\ub300\ud558\uace0 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \uc8fc\uc81c\ub77c\uc11c \ud558\ub294 \ub9d0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub807\uac8c \uc0b4\uae30\ub294 \ud588\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ub098\ub294 \uc815\uce58\uc778\ub3c4 \uc800\ud56d \ud22c\uc0ac\ub3c4 \uc544\ub2d9\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uccb4\ud3ec\ub418\uae30 \uc804\uae4c\uc9c0 \uadf8\ub7ac\ub358 \uac83\ucc98\ub7fc \uadf8\uc800 \ub3c4\uc7a5\uacf5\uc774\ub098 \uc8fc\uc694\uc18c \uc9c1\uc6d0\uc73c\ub85c \uc0b4 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\uc5c8\uc744 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub9ce\uc774\ub4e4 \ud558\ub294\ub300\ub85c \uc77c\ucc0c\uac10\uce58 \uc0ac\ucd0c\uacfc \uacb0\ud63c\ud588\uc744 \uc218\ub3c4, \uadf8\ub140\uac00 \uc544\uc774\ub97c \uc77c\uacf1\uc774\ub4e0 \uc5f4\uc774\ub4e0 \ub0b3\uc558\uc744 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\uc5c8\uc744 \ud15d\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ac\ub2e4\uba74 \ud2b8\ub7ed\uc744 \ud55c \ub300 \uc0ac\uace0 \uc790\ub3d9\ucc28 \ub9e4\ub9e4\ub098 \ud658\uc728 \uac19\uc740 \uac83\ub4e4\uc744 \uacf5\ubd80\ud588\uaca0\uc8e0. [1982\ub144\uc5d0 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc758 \uce68\uacf5\uc73c\ub85c \ubc8c\uc5b4\uc9c4] \ub808\ubc14\ub17c \uc804\uc7c1 \ub54c\uc758 \ucc38\uc0c1\uacfc \uadf8 \ub4a4\uc758 \u2014 \uc0ac\ube0c\ub77c\u00b7\uc0e4\ud2f8\ub77c [\ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc778 \ub09c\ubbfc\ucd0c] \u2014 \ud559\uc0b4\uc744 \ubcf4\uae30 \uc804\uae4c\uc9c0\ub294 \uadf8 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uac83\uc774 \ub2e4 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \uc77c\uc774\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uad11\uacbd\uc740 \ub098\ub97c \ucda9\uaca9\uacfc \uacbd\uc545\uc5d0 \ube60\ub728\ub838\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-3091-\uc5ed\uc8fc1'><a href='#fn-3091-\uc5ed\uc8fc1' rel='footnote'>[\uc5ed\uc8fc1]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ub354\ub294 \ucda9\uaca9\uacfc \uacbd\uc545\uc744 \ub290\ub07c\uc9c0 \uc54a\uac8c \ub420\uae4c\ubd10, (\uc5b4\ub290 \ubbfc\uc871\uc774\ub4e0) \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc758 \uace0\ud1b5\uc774 \ub290\uaef4\uc9c0\uc9c0 \uc54a\uac8c \ub420\uae4c\ubd10, (\uc5b4\ub5a4 \ucc38\uc0c1\uc774\ub4e0) \ucc38\uc0c1 \uc55e\uc5d0\uc11c \ub454\uac10\ud574 \uc9c8\uae4c\ubd10 \ub9e4\uc77c \ubd88\uc548\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub0b4\uac8c\ub294 \uadf8\uac83\uc774 \ub048\uae30\uc640 \uc5f0\ub300\uc758 \ucc99\ub3c4\uc600\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud0c0\uc778\uacfc \uc778\ub958\uc758 \uace0\ud1b5\uc5d0 \uacf5\uac10\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uc57c\ub9d0\ub85c \ubb38\uba85\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc778\uac04 \uc9c0\uc131\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec\uc740 \uc758\uc9c0\uc774\uace0 \uc721\uccb4\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec\uc740 \ub178\ub3d9\uc774\uba70 \uc601\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec\uc740 \uac10\uc815\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4 \u2014 \ud0c0\uc778\uacfc \uc778\ub958\uc758 \uace0\ud1b5\uc5d0 \uacf5\uac10\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uc57c\ub9d0\ub85c \ubb38\uba85\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ub9e4\ub144 \ub9e4\uc77c \ub9e4 \uc2dc\uac04 \uc218\uac10\uc790\uc758 \uc0b6\uc5d0\uc11c \ud45c\uc801\uc774 \ub418\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ubc14\ub85c \uadf8\uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uc8fc\uccb4\ub85c\uc11c \ud45c\uc801\uc774 \ub418\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2d9\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc885\uad50\uc801 \uc8fc\uccb4\ub85c\uc11c \ud45c\uc801\uc774 \ub418\ub294 \uac83\ub3c4, \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc801 \uc0b6\uc758 \uc990\uac70\uc6c0\uc744 \ubc15\ud0c8\ub2f9\ud558\ub294 \ubc8c\uc744 \ubc1b\ub294 \uc18c\ube44\uc790 \uc8fc\uccb4\ub85c\uc11c \ud45c\uc801\uc774 \ub418\ub294 \uac83\ub3c4 \uc544\ub2d9\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc790\uc2e0\uc5d0\uac8c \ub9de\ub294 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uc2e0\ub150\uc744 \ucc44\ud0dd\ud560 \uc218\ub3c4, \ubb50\uac00 \ub410\ub4e0 \uc885\uad50\uc801 \uc758\uc2dd\uc744 \ud589\ud560 \uc218\ub3c4, \uc2ec\uc9c0\uc5b4\ub294 \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc801 \uc695\uad6c\uc758 \uc0c1\ub2f9 \ubd80\ubd84\uc744 \ucda9\uc871 \ubc1b\uc744 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4 \u2014 \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \uc81c1\ud45c\uc801\uc740 \ub2f9\uc2e0 \uc18d\uc758 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801, \uc778\uac04\uc801 \uc874\uc7ac\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc790\uc544\ub97c \ubc97\uc5b4\ub098\ub294 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uad00\uacc4\uac00, \ud0c0\uc778\uc774\ub098 \uc790\uc5f0\uacfc\uc758, \ub2f9\uc2e0\uc774 \uc18c\uc911\ud558\uac8c \uc5ec\uae30\ub294 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uad00\uacc4\uac00 \u2014 \uc2ec\uc9c0\uc5b4\ub294 \uc778\uac04\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \uac04\uc218\uc640\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\ub9c8\uc800 \u2014 \ud45c\uc801\uc774 \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \ub2f9\uc2e0\uc774 \ubbf8\uc6c0\uc744 \ud488\uac8c \ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc815\ub9d0\ub85c \ubb34\uc5c7\uc774\ub4e0 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc0ac\ub791\uc744, \ub2f9\uc2e0\uc758 \ubbf8\uc801, \uc778\uac04\uc801 \uac10\uc218\uc131\uc744 \uaca8\ub0e5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uac10\uc625\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2a4\ubb34 \ud574\ub97c \ubcf4\ub0b4\uace0\uc11c \uace0\ubc31\uac74\ub300, \ub098\ub294 \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \uac10\uc625\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc0b6\uc774 \uac15\uc694\ud558\ub294 \ubbf8\uc6c0\uc5d0\ub294, \uc870\uc545\ud568\uc5d0\ub294, \uac70\uce68\uc5d0\ub294 \uc82c\ubcd1\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uace0\ubc31\uac74\ub300 \ub098\ub294 \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \uc18c\ubc15\ud558\uae30 \uadf8\uc9c0 \uc5c6\ub294 \uac83\ub4e4\uc744 \ubcf4\uba74 \uc544\uc774\ucc98\ub7fc \uc88b\uc544\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \ub2e4\uc815\ud55c \uc751\uc6d0\uc774\ub098 \uce6d\ucc2c\uc5d0 \uae30\ubed0 \uc5b4\uca54 \uc904 \ubab0\ub77c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uace0\ubc31\uac74\ub300 \ud154\ub808\ube44\uc804\uc5d0 \ub098\uc628 \uaf43\uc5d0, \uc790\uc5f0 \uacbd\uad00\uc5d0, \ubc14\ub2e4\uc5d0, \uac00\uc2b4\uc774 \ub9c8\uad6c \ub701\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uace0\ubc31\uac74\ub300 \ub098\ub294 \uadf8 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uac83\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \uc990\uac81\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc138\uc0c1\uc758 \uc218\ub9ce\uc740 \uc990\uac70\uc6c0 \uc911\uc5d0 \ub0b4\uac00 \ubc14\ub77c\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ub9c8\uc744 \uace8\ubaa9\uace8\ubaa9\uc5d0\uc11c \ub098\uc640 \ud559\uad50\ub85c \uac00\ub294 \uc544\uc774\ub4e4\uc758 \ubaa8\uc2b5, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ud759\uba3c\uc9c0 \ub0a0\ub9ac\ub294 \ucd94\uc6b4 \uc544\uce68\uc5d0 \ub9c8\uc744 \uad11\uc7a5\uc744 \ud5a5\ud574 \uae38\uc744 \ub098\uc120 \u2014 \ucd9c\uadfc \ucc44\ube44\ub97c \ub9c8\uce5c \uae30\uc6b4\ucc2c \u2014 \uc774\ub978 \uc544\uce68 \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \ubaa8\uc2b5, \uc774\ub807\uac8c \ub531 \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0 \ubfd0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c \uace0\ubc31\uac74\ub300, \uc774 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uac10\uc815\ub4e4, \uc774 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc0ac\ub791\uc744 \uc9c0\ud0ac \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\ub358 \uac83\uc740 \uc21c\uc804\ud788 \ub0b4 \uc5b4\uba38\ub2c8\uc758 \ube44\uae38 \ub370 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc0ac\ub791, \uc0ac\ub098\uc640 \ub0b4 \ub0a8\ub3d9\uc0dd \ud638\uc2a4\ub2c8\uc758 \uc0ac\ub791, \uc0ac\ubc29\uc5d0\uc11c \ub098\ub97c \ub458\ub7ec\uc2f8\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \ub3d9\ub8cc\ub4e4\uacfc \uce5c\uc560\ud558\ub294 \ubc97\ub4e4\uc758 \u2014 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc8fc\uace0 \ubc1b\ub294 \u2014 \uc0ac\ub791 \ub355\ubd84\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uace0\ubc31\uac74\ub300, \ub098\ub294 \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \uc0ac\ub791\uc744 \ud683\ubd88 \uac19\uc774 \ubd99\ub4e4\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub048\uc9c8\uae30\uac8c \uadf8 \uc0ac\ub791\uc744 \uc9c0\ud0ac \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4 \u2014 \uc55e\uc73c\ub85c\ub3c4 \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84 \ubaa8\ub450\ub97c \uc0ac\ub791\ud560 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub0b4\uac00 \ub098\ub97c \uac00\ub454 \uc790\ub4e4\uc744 \uc774\uae38 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ud798\uc774 \ubc14\ub85c \uadf8 \uc0ac\ub791\uc774\uba70 \uc0ac\ub791\ub9cc\uc774 \uadf8\ub9ac \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uae30\uc5d0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ubc00\ub77c\ub4dc \ub4dc\ub9bc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>[\uc601\uc5b4] \ubc88\uc5ed\uc790 \uc8fc \u2015 \uc648\ub9ac\ub4dc \ub2e4\uce74\ub294 1961\ub144\uc5d0 \ud53c\uc810\ub839\uc9c0 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc758 \ubc14\uce74 \uc54c-\uac00\ub974\ube44\uc57c<sup>Baqa Al-Gharbiyyah<\/sup>\uc5d0\uc11c \ud0dc\uc5b4\ub0ac\uc73c\uba70 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc758 \ucca0\ud559\uc790, \uc815\uce58\uc0ac\uc0c1\uac00, \uadf9\uc791\uc790, \ubb34\uc7a5 \uc800\ud56d \ud22c\uc0ac\uc600\ub2e4. \ubb34\uc8c4 \uc99d\uac70\uac00 \uc788\uc5c8\uc74c\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0, \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uad70 \ubcd1\uc0ac\ub97c \ub0a9\uce58, \uc0b4\ud574\ud55c 1984\ub144 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc778\ubbfc\ud574\ubc29\uc804\uc120 \uc791\uc804\uc5d0 \uc5f0\ub8e8\ub41c \ud610\uc758\ub85c \uae30\uc18c\ub418\uc5b4 \uc720\uc8c4 \ud310\uacb0\uc744 \ubc1b\uc558\ub2e4. 1986\ub144\uc5d0 \uc2dc\uc628\uc8fc\uc758 \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc885\uc2e0\ud615\uc5d0 \ucc98\ud574\uc838 2024\ub144 4\uc6d4 7\uc77c\uc5d0 \uc0ac\ub9dd\ud558\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc218\uac10\ub41c \ubab8\uc73c\ub85c \uc9c0\ub0c8\ub2e4 (al-Shaikh 2021a, 276). \uc704\uc758 \uae00\uc740 2005\ub144\uc5d0 \uae38\ubcf4\uc544 \uac10\uc625\uc5d0\uc11c, \uc218\uac10 20\ub144 \ub418\ub294 \ud574\uc758 \uccab\ub0a0\uc5d0 \uc4f4 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uac07\ud600 \uc9c0\ub0c8\uc74c\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ub2e4\uce74\ub294 \uc815\uce58\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc655\uc131\ud558\uac8c \ud65c\ub3d9\ud588\ub2e4. \uc774 \uae00\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \ub4dc\ub7ec\ub098\ub4ef \uadf8\ub294 \uc2dd\ubbfc\ud654\ub41c \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc758 \ubb38\ud654 \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc778\ub4e4\uacfc \uc790\uc8fc \uc5f0\ub77d\ud588\uc73c\uba70 \ub355\ubd84\uc5d0 \uc625\uc911\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc801\uadf9\uc801\uc778 \uc815\uce58 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc744 \uc601\uc704\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud2b9\ud788 \ubbfc\uc8fc\ubbfc\uc871\uc5f0\ud569<sup>Democratic National Rally<\/sup> \ub2f9\uc6d0\uc774\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc218\uac10\uc790\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \uc774\ub04c\uc5c8\ub2e4.<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-3091-\uc5ed\uc8fc2'><a href='#fn-3091-\uc5ed\uc8fc2' rel='footnote'>[\uc5ed\uc8fc2]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ub2e4\uce74\uc758 \ud65c\ub3d9 \uc911 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \uc544\ub9c8\ub3c4 \ud559\uc2b5\uc774\uc5c8\uc744 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\ub97c \ub450\uace0 \uadf8\uc758 \uc625\uc911 \ub3d9\uc9c0\ub4e4\uc740 \uadf8\uc5d0\ub370 \uc544\ubbf8\ub974 \uc54c-\ud0c0\uce74\ud30c<sup>Amir al-Thaqafah<\/sup>, \ubb38\ud654\uc758 \uc655\uc790\ub77c\ub294 \ubcc4\uba85\uc744 \ubd99\uc5ec \uc8fc\uc5c8\ub2e4. [\uc625\uc911\uc5d0\uc11c] \uc815\uce58\ud559 \ud559\uc0ac \ud559\uc704\ub97c \ucde8\ub4dd\ud55c<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-3091-\uc5ed\uc8fc3'><a href='#fn-3091-\uc5ed\uc8fc3' rel='footnote'>[\uc5ed\uc8fc3]<\/a><\/sup> \ub2e4\uce74\ub294 \ud76c\uace1, \ubba4\uc9c0\uceec, \uc18c\uc124, \ub17c\ud53d\uc158 \uc218\uae30, \uc544\ub3d9\uc11c, \uc815\uce58\u00b7\ucca0\ud559 \uc774\ub860 \ub4f1\uc758 \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \ud559\uc81c\uc801 \ud615\uc2dd\uc758 \uc218\ub9ce\uc740 \u2014 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84 \uc544\uc9c1 \ubc88\uc5ed\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \u2014 \uc9c0\uc801 \uacb0\uacfc\ubb3c\uc744 \ub0b4\uc5b4 \ub193\uc558\ub2e4. \uc624\uc2ac\ub85c \uc774\ud6c4\uc758 \ud604\uc0c1\uc720\uc9c0\ub77c\ub294 \ub9e5\ub77d \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c \ub098\uc628 \uadf8\uc758 \uc791\uc5c5\ub4e4\uc740 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\ud574\ubc29\uae30\uad6c\uac00 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc790\uce58\uc815\ubd80\ub85c \ubc14\ub00c\uace0 \uc774\uc5b4\uc11c \uc815\uce58 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \ubb34\uc7a5 \ud22c\uc7c1\uc774 \uacf5\uc2dd\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud3ec\uae30\ub41c \ub370, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 1948\ub144[\uc5d0 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc774 \uc810\ub839\ud55c \uc601\ud1a0 \ub0b4\uc5d0 \ub0a8\uc740] \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \ubbfc\uc871 \uae30\uad6c<sup>national body<\/sup>\uc5d0\uc11c \u201c\uc798\ub824 \ub098\uac04<sup>dis-memberment<\/sup>\u201d \ub530\ub978 \uc808\ubc15\uac10\uc5d0\uc11c \ube44\ub86f\ub41c \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4 (ibid., 274). \ud2b9\ud788 \ub2e4\uce74\uc758 \uc9c0\uc801 \uad00\uc2ec\uc758 \uc911\uc2ec\uc5d0\ub294 \uc624\uc2ac\ub85c \uc774\ud6c4 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc778, \uc804\ub9dd \uc5c6\uace0 \ubbf8\ub798 \uc5c6\ub294 \ud604\uc7ac \uc0c1\ud0dc \u2014 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uc874\uc7ac\uc758 \ud3c9\ud589 \uc2dc\uac04 \u2014 \uc5d0 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\uae30\ub97c \uc810\uc810 \ub354 \uac15\uc694 \ubc1b\ub294 \uc8fc\uccb4\uc758 \ud2b9\uc218\ud55c \uc874\uc7ac\ub860\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc704\uc758 \uae00\uc740 \uadf8\ub7ec\ud55c \ud575\uc2ec \uc9c0\uc801 \uae30\ud68d\uc758 \ucd08\uae30\uc801\uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc \ud1a0\ub300\uc801\uc778 \uc0ac\ub840\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ub2e4\uce74\uac00 \ub0a8\uae34 \uc720\uc0b0\uc740 \uc758\uc9c0\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uc8fc\uccb4\uc801\uc778 \ubbf8\ub798\uc5d0\uc758 \ub048\uc9c8\uae34 \ubbff\uc74c\uc744 \uc694\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c, \ub2e4\uce74\ub294 \uc544\ud30c\ub974\ud2b8\ud5e4\uc774\ud2b8 \uad6d\uac00\uac00 \uc8fc\uc785\ud558\ub294 \ubb34\ud55c\ud55c \ud604\uc7ac\ub77c\ub294 \ud658\uac01\uc5d0 \uacb0\ucf54 \uad74\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4. 1996\ub144\uc5d0 \uc625\uc911\uc758 \ub2e4\uce74\ub294 \uae30\uc790 \uacb8 \ubc88\uc5ed\uac00 \uc0ac\ub098 \uc0b4\ub77c\ub9c8\ub97c \ub9cc\ub098 \uad50\uc81c\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ucc98\uc74c\uc5d0\ub294 \uc2dc\uc628\uc8fc\uc758 \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc758 \ubc29\ud574\uc5d0 \uac00\ub85c\ub9c9\ud614\uc9c0\ub9cc, 1999\ub144\uc5d0 \uc544\uc988\ubbf8 \ube44\uc0e4\ub77c \u2014 \uc774 \ud3b8\uc9c0\uc758 \uc218\uc2e0\uc778\uc774\uc790 \ub2f9\uc2dc \ud06c\ub124\uc138\ud2b8 \uc758\uc6d0\uc774\uc5c8\ub358 \u2014 \uc758 \uc911\uc7ac\ub85c \ub458\uc740 \ud63c\uc57d\uc744 \ub9fa\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uacb0\ud63c\uc2dd\uc774\ub098 \uc0ac\ub098\uac00 \ub531 \ud55c \ubc88 \ubab0\ub798 \ud3ec\uc639\uc5d0 \uc131\uacf5\ud55c 2015\ub144\uc758 \uc77c \uac19\uc740 \uc608\uc678\ub97c \ube7c\uba74, \uacb0\ud63c \uc0dd\ud65c \ub0b4\ub0b4 \ub458 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\ub294 \ucca0\ucc3d\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub458\uc740 \ub204\ud2b8\ud30c \ubb34\ud558\ub77c\ub77c<sup>nutfah muharrarah<\/sup>, \ud574\ubc29\ub41c \uc528\uc557\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc784\uc2e0\uc5d0 \uc131\uacf5\ud574<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-3091-\uc5ed\uc8fc4'><a href='#fn-3091-\uc5ed\uc8fc4' rel='footnote'>[\uc5ed\uc8fc4]<\/a><\/sup> 2020\ub144 3\uc6d4 2\uc77c\uc5d0 \ubc00\ub77c\ub4dc<sup>Milad<\/sup> \u2014 \uc544\ub78d\uc5b4\ub85c <strong>\ud0c4\uc0dd<\/strong>\uc744 \ub73b\ud558\ub294 \ub9d0\uc774\ub2e4 \u2014 \ub97c \ub0b3\uc558\ub2e4 (al-Shaikh 2021b, 84-5). \ub2e4\ub978 \uae00\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uadf8\ub7ac\ub4ef, \ub2e4\uce74\ub294 \uc544\uc988\ubbf8 \ube44\uc0e4\ub77c\uc5d0\uac8c \ubcf4\ub0b8 \uc774 \ud3b8\uc9c0\ub97c \ubbf8\ub798\uc758 \ub538\uc758 \uc774\ub984\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\ub0c8\ub2e4. \ub9c8 \ud0c0\ud788\uc57c\ud2f0, \ubc00\ub77c\ub4dc<sup>Ma\u2019 tahiyyati, Milad<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2014 \ub204\ub974 \uc5d8\ub518 \ud6c4\uc138\uc778<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uc8fc<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-3091-1'><a href='#fnref-3091-1'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>1<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> \ud3b8\uc9d1\uc790 \uc8fc \u2015 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc815\uce58\ud559\uc790 \uc544\uc988\ubbf8 \ube44\uc0e4\ub77c<sup>Azmi Bishara<\/sup>\ub97c \uac00\ub9ac\ud0a8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ud3b8\uc9c0\ub294 2005\ub144\uc5d0 \ub2e4\uce74\uac00 \ube44\uc0e4\ub77c\uc5d0\uac8c \ubcf4\ub0b8 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c, \ud5c8\ub77d\uc744 \uc5bb\uc5b4 \uc5ec\uae30\uc5d0 \uc2e3\ub294\ub2e4. \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc744 \uc900 \ub9c8\uc81c\ub974 \uc54c-\uc870\ube44<sup>Mazher Al-Zoby<\/sup>\uc5d0\uac8c \uc0ac\uc758\ub97c \ud45c\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-3091-2'><a href='#fnref-3091-2'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>2<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> \ud3b8\uc9d1\uc790 \uc8fc \u2015 \ub2e4\uce74\uc640 \uacb0\ud63c\ud55c, \uc5b8\ub860\uc778\uc774\uc790 \ud65c\ub3d9\uac00\uc778 \uc0ac\ub098 \uc0b4\ub77c\uba54<sup>Sanaa Salameh<\/sup>\ub97c \uac00\ub9ac\ud0a8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-3091-3'><a href='#fnref-3091-3'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>3<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> \ud3b8\uc9d1\uc790 \uc8fc \u2015 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc790\uce58\uc815\ubd80\uc758 \uc5b5\ub958\uc790\ubcf5\uc9c0\ubd80<sup>Ministry of Detainees and Ex-Detainees Affairs<\/sup>\ub97c \uac00\ub9ac\ud0a8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-3091-\uc5ed\uc8fc1'><a href='#fnref-3091-\uc5ed\uc8fc1'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>\uc5ed\uc8fc1<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> \ub808\ubc14\ub17c \uc804\uc7c1\uacfc \ub808\ubc14\ub17c \ub0b4 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc778 \ub09c\ubbfc\ucd0c, \uc0ac\ube0c\ub77c\u00b7\uc0e4\ud2f8\ub77c \ud559\uc0b4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c\ub294 <a href=\"https:\/\/slowlyaspossible.net\/pale-texts\/2753\/\">\u3008\ub0a8\ucabd\uc758 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc778: \uac08 \ub370\ub77c\uace4 \ub09c\ubbfc\ucd0c \ubfd0\u3009<\/a>(\uc544\uc774\ud568 \uc54c-\uc0ac\ud758\ub9ac, 2026) \ucc38\uace0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-3091-\uc5ed\uc8fc2'><a href='#fnref-3091-\uc5ed\uc8fc2'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>\uc5ed\uc8fc2<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc218\uac10\uc790\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c\ub294 <a href=\"https:\/\/slowlyaspossible.net\/pale-texts\/1831\/\">\u300834\ub144\uc9f8 \uc218\uac10 \uc911\uc778 \uc648\ub9ac\ub4dc \ub2e4\uce74: \uc624\uc2ac\ub85c \ud611\uc815\uc740 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc744 \ubd84\uc5f4\uc2dc\ucf30\uace0, \uc9c0\ub3c4\ubd80\ub294 \ubbfc\uc911\uc758 \uc2ec\ud310\uc744 \ubc1b\uc744 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4\u3009<\/a>(\ubca0\uc774\ub8e8\ud2b8 \ud568\ubb34\ub4dc, 2019) \ucc38\uace0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-3091-\uc5ed\uc8fc3'><a href='#fnref-3091-\uc5ed\uc8fc3'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>\uc5ed\uc8fc3<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8 \uac10\uc625\uc5d0 \uc218\uac10\ub41c \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc778 \uc815\uce58\uc218\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \ud559\uc704 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uae00\ub85c <a href=\"https:\/\/slowlyaspossible.net\/pale-texts\/1927\/\">\ud558\ub2e4\ub9bc \uac10\uc625 \ub300\ud559 \u2015 \uac10\uc625\uacfc \ub300\ud559\uc5d0 \uc800\ud56d\ud558\uae30<\/a>(\uce74\uc0bc \uc54c-\ud558\uc988, 2025) \ucc38\uace0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-3091-\uc5ed\uc8fc4'><a href='#fnref-3091-\uc5ed\uc8fc4'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>\uc5ed\uc8fc4<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> \uc648\ub9ac\ub4dc \ub2e4\uce74\uac00 \uac10\uc625\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc00\ubc18\ucd9c\ud55c \uc815\uc561\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\ub098 \uc0b4\ub77c\uba54\uac00 \uccb4\uc678 \uc218\uc815\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc784\uc2e0\ud588\ub2e4. \uc774 \ub458\uc744 \ube44\ub86f\ud574 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \uac10\uc625\uc5d0\uc11c \uc815\uc561\uc744 \ubc00\ubc18\ucd9c\ud574 \uc544\uc774\ub97c \ub0b3 \uacfc\uc815\uacfc \uadf8 \uc758\ubbf8\ub97c \uc18c\uac1c\ud55c \uae00\ub85c Tareq S. Hajjaj, <a href=\"https:\/\/mondoweiss.net\/2023\/08\/how-palestinians-started-smuggling-their-sperm-out-of-israeli-prisons\/\">\u201cHow Palestinians started smuggling their sperm out of Israeli prisons,\u201d<\/a> <em>Mondoweiss<\/em>, 2023.08.11.\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#50896;&#47928;: Walid Daqqa, trans. by Nour Eldin Hussein, &ldquo;On Parallel Time,&rdquo; Mizna, 2025. &#50500;&#46989;&#50612; &#50896;&#47928; (2010) &ldquo;&#50669;&#51452;&rdquo;&#47196; &#54364;&#44592;&#54620; &#44033;&#51452;&#50752; [, ]&#47196; &#54364;&#44592;&#54620; &#47928;&#44396;&#45716; &#47784;&#46160; &#54620;&#44397;&#50612;&#47196; &#48264;&#50669;&#54616;&#47732;&#49436; &#52628;&#44032;&#54620; &#44163;&#51060;&#45796;. &#50760;&#47532;&#46300; &#45796;&#52852;&#44032; &#50725;&#51473;&#50640;&#49436; &#44536;&#47536; &#44536;&#47548;. &#45208;&#51032; &#54805;&#51228; &#50500;&#48512; &#50724;&#47560;&#47476;&#50640;&#44172;.[1] &#50724;&#45720;&#51008; 3&#50900; 25&#51068;, &#45236;&#44032; &#44048;&#50725;&#50640;&#49436; &#48372;&#45236;&#45716; &#49828;&#47924; &#48264;&#51704; &#54644;&#51032; &#52395; &#45216;&#51077;&#45768;&#45796;. &#50612;&#45712; &#51210;&#51008; &#46041;&#51648;&#51032; &#49373;&#51068;&#51060;&#44592;&#46020; &#54616;&#51424;. &#51060;&#47088; &ldquo;&#53945;&#48324;&#54620;&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[12],"class_list":["post-3091","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-others","tag-12"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - 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