{"id":2509,"date":"2026-03-01T19:27:52","date_gmt":"2026-03-01T10:27:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/slowlyaspossible.net\/pale-texts\/?p=2509"},"modified":"2026-03-13T22:23:12","modified_gmt":"2026-03-13T13:23:12","slug":"%ec%96%84%eb%9d%bc-%ec%96%84%eb%9d%bc-%ec%95%84%eb%b9%84%ec%95%bc-%ec%96%84%eb%9d%bc-%e2%80%95-%eb%9d%bc%ed%8b%b4%ec%95%84%eb%a9%94%eb%a6%ac%ec%b9%b4%ec%9d%98-%ed%8c%94%eb%a0%88%ec%8a%a4%ed%83%80","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/slowlyaspossible.net\/pale-texts\/2509\/","title":{"rendered":"\uc584\ub77c, \uc584\ub77c, \uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc584\ub77c \u2015 \ub77c\ud2f4\uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74\uc758 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc5f0\ub300, \uadf8 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc640 \ubbf8\ub798 (\ub9c8\ub9ac\uc544 \ub780\ub514, 2025)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"headnote\">\uc6d0\ubb38: <a href=\"https:\/\/mondoweiss.net\/2025\/12\/yalla-yalla-abya-yala-the-history-and-future-of-latin-americas-engagement-on-palestine\/\">Maria Landi, trnslated by Laura P\u00e9rez, \u201cYalla, Yalla, Abya Yala: The history and future of Latin America\u2019s engagement on Palestine,\u201d <em>Mondoweiss<\/em>, 2025.12.25.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-kopubworlddotum-pro-font-family\">\uc804 \uc138\uacc4, \ud2b9\ud788 \uc804 \uc9c0\uad6c\uc801 \ub0a8\ubd80\uc758 \ubbfc\uc911\uc740 \uc0c1\uc9d5\uc801 \uc9c0\uc9c0\ub97c \ub118\uc5b4 \ud480\ubfcc\ub9ac \uc870\uc9c1\ud654, BDS, \ub0a8\ubd80-\ub0a8\ubd80 \uc5f0\ub300 \ub4f1 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc758 \uc815\ucc29\uc790-\uc2dd\ubbfc \uae30\ud68d\uc744 \uc885\uc2dd\uc2dc\ud0ac \uad6c\uccb4\uc801\uc778 \ud589\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\uc544\uac00\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-4b8f5de20ee238f56178d4c12dba275a\" style=\"color:#474747\">\uc774 \uae00\uc740 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc744 \ubc18\uc2dd\ubbfc \ud22c\uc7c1\uc758 \uc624\ub79c \uc5ed\uc0ac \uc18d\uc5d0 \uc704\uce58\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \u300a\ubaac\ub3c4\uc640\uc774\uc2a4\u300b\u00b7<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tni.org\/en\/article\/palestine-liberation-series\">\ucd08\uad6d\uac00\uc5f0\uad6c\uc18c<sup>Transnational Institute<\/sup><\/a> \uacf5\ub3d9 \uae30\ud68d \uc5f0\uc7ac\uc758 \uccab \ubc88\uc9f8 \uae00\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774 \uae00\uc740 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc758 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc778\uc885\ud559\uc0b4\uc774 \ucd5c\uace0\ub85c \ubb34\uc790\ube44\ud55c \uad6d\uba74\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub358 \uc2dc\uae30(2025\ub144 6-7\uc6d4)\uc5d0 \uc37c\ub2e4. \uc774 \uae00\uc744 \uc4f0\ub294 \ub0b4\ub0b4 \ubd84\ub178\uc640 \ubb34\ub825\uac10, \uc808\ub9dd\uac10\uc744 \ub290\uaf08\ub2e4. \ubc24\uc5d0\ub294 \uacc4\uc18d\ub418\ub294 \uacf5\ud3ec\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ub97c \ubcf4\uba70 \uc7a0\uc790\ub9ac\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5c8\uace0 \uc544\uce68\uc5d0 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub098\uba74 \uc218\ubc31 \uba85\uc774 \ub354 \ubaa9\uc228\uc744 \uc783\uc5c8\ub2e4\ub294 \ub274\uc2a4\ub97c \ubd24\ub2e4. \ub2f4\uc694\ub098 \uc218\uc758\uc5d0 \uc2f8\uc778 \ucc44 \uc9d1\ub2e8\ubb18\uc5d0 \uc313\uc5ec \uc788\ub294 \uc2dc\uc2e0\ub4e4\uc744, \ucd1d\ud0c4\uc5d0 \uba38\ub9ac\ub098 \uac00\uc2b4\uc744 \ub6ab\ub9b0 \uc791\uc740 \uc544\uc774\ub4e4\uc744, \ud314\ub2e4\ub9ac\ub97c \uc783\uc5c8\uac70\ub098 \ud53c\uace8\uc774 \uc0c1\uc811\ud55c, \uae30\uc544, \ud0c8\uc218, \uac10\uc5fc\uc73c\ub85c \ucc98\ucc38\ud55c \uaf34\uc774 \ub41c \ubab8\ub4e4\uc744 \ubcf4\uc558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc5d0 \uae4a\uc774 \ub9c8\uc74c\uc744 \uc4f0\ub294 \uc774\ub77c\uba74 \uc73c\ub808 \uadf8\ub807\ub4ef, \uc9c0\ub09c \ub450 \ud574 \ub3d9\uc548 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ubbfc\uc871\uc774 \uc81c \ub545\uc5d0\uc11c \uc808\uba78 \ub2f9\ud558\uae30 \uc804\uc5d0 \uc774 \uc778\uc885\ud559\uc0b4\uc744 \uba48\ucd9c \uae38\uc744 \ucc3e\ub294 \ub370\uc5d0 \uace8\ubab0\ud588\ub2e4. \uc774 \uae00\uc5d0\uc11c \ub0b4\uac00 \uc774\ub860\uc774\ub098 \ubd84\uc11d\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294 \ud22c\uc7c1\uacfc \uc870\uc9c1\ud654 \uacbd\ud5d8\uc5d0 \uae30\ub304 \uac83\uc740 \uc544\ub9c8 \uadf8\ub798\uc11c\uc77c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ud559\uc220\uc801 \uad00\uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \uc4f0\uae30\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294 \uac70\ub9ac\uc640 \uad11\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c, \uc815\ubd80 \uac74\ubb3c\uacfc \uc5f0\ub2e8\uc5d0\uc11c \u2015 \ud65c\ub3d9\uac00\ub85c\uc11c \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc639\ud638\ud65c\ub3d9\uc744 \ubc8c\uc774\uace0 \uc2dc\uc628\uc8fc\uc758 \uccb4\uc81c\uac00 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc5d0\uc11c \uc808\uba78\uc744 \ubc00\uc5b4\ubd99\uc77c \uc218 \uc788\uac8c \ud558\ub294 \uacf5\ubaa8 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ub04a\uc73c\ub77c\uace0 \uc694\uad6c\ud558\ub294 \uacf3\ub4e4\uc5d0\uc11c \u2015 \uc37c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774 \uae00\uc740 \uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc584\ub77c<sup>Abya Yala<\/sup>\ub098<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-1'><a href='#fn-2509-1' rel='footnote'>[1]<\/a><\/sup> \ub2e4\ub978 \uacf3\uc758 \ub3c5\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \ub9d0\uc744 \ub118\uc5b4 \ud589\ub3d9\uc5d0 \ub098\uc11c\ub3c4\ub85d, \uc0c1\uc9d5\uc801\uc774\uace0 \ub2f4\ub860\uc801\uc778 \uc5f0\ub300\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2e4\ud6a8\uc131 \uc788\ub294 \ud589\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\uc544\uac00\ub3c4\ub85d \uc124\ub4dd\ud558\ub824\ub294 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ub2e4. \uc778\uc885\ud559\uc0b4\uc744 \uba48\ucd94\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4\uba74 \uadf8\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ub9d0\ub4e4\uc774 \ub2e4 \ubb34\uc2a8 \uc18c\uc6a9\uc778\uac00? \uc624\uc9c1 \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc801\uc778, \uad6c\uccb4\uc801\uc778, \uc9c0\uc18d\uc801\uc778 \uc9c0\uad6c\uc801\u00b7\uc9c0\uc5ed\uc801 \ud589\ub3d9\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574\uc11c\ub9cc \ub098\uc544\uac08 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4, \uadf8\uc800 \uc778\uc885\ud559\uc0b4\uc801 \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 80\ub144 \uc138\uc6d4\uc744 \uc124\uba85\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ub118\uc5b4 \uadf8\uac83\uc744 \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \uc885\uc2dd\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \ub370\ub85c, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ubbfc\uc871\uc5d0 \ud574\ubc29\uc5d0 \ub2e4\uac00\uac00\ub3c4\ub85d \ub3d5\ub294 \ub370\ub85c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mondoweiss.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/chapter1-1024x515.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\ud478\ub77c\ud14c \uc0e4\ud560 \uc5d8 \ub808\uce74\ube44<sup>Fourate Chahal El Rekaby<\/sup> \uadf8\ub9bc.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ubaa8\ud638\ud568\uacfc \ubaa8\uc21c\ub4e4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\uc11c<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ub300\uc758\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc584\ub77c\uc758 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \uad00\uacc4\ub294 1947\ub144\uc5d0 \uad6d\uc81c\uc5f0\ud569\ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\ud2b9\ubcc4\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c<sup>United Nations Special Committee on Palestine<\/sup>(UNSCOP)\uc5d0\uc11c \ub77c\ud2f4\uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc774 \ud589\ud55c \uc5ed\ud560\uc5d0\uc11c \ucd9c\ubc1c\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\ub294 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ubd84\ud560\uc744, \uc601\ud1a0\uc758 \uc808\ubc18 \uc774\uc0c1\uc744 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc5d0 \uc0b0 \uc9c0 \uaca8\uc6b0 \uba87\uc2ed \ub144\ubc16\uc5d0 \uc548 \ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70 \uc778\uad6c\uc758 3\/1 \ubbf8\ub9cc\uc774\uace0 \ud1a0\uc9c0\uc758 6%\ubc16\uc5d0\ub294 \uc18c\uc720\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uc720\ub7fd \uc815\ucc29\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ub118\uaca8\uc904 \uac83\uc744 \uad8c\uace0\ud588\ub2e4. \ud569\uc911\uad6d\uc758 \uc9c0\ud718\uc640 \uc2dc\uc628\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \ub85c\ube44\uc5d0 \ubc1c \ub9de\ucd94\uc5b4, UNSCOP \uc704\uc6d0\uad6d\uc778 \uc6b0\ub8e8\uacfc\uc774, \uacfc\ud14c\ub9d0\ub77c, \ud398\ub8e8\uc640 UN \uc77c\ubc18\ucd1d\ud68c \uc758\uc7a5\uad6d \ube0c\ub77c\uc9c8\uc740 \ub3d9\ub8cc \ub77c\ud2f4\uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc774 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ubd84\ud560\uc744 \uc9c0\uc9c0\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \uc124\ub4dd\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc131\uacf5\ud588\ub2e4.<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-2'><a href='#fn-2509-2' rel='footnote'>[2]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ub77c\ud2f4\uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc740 \ub2f9\uc2dc \uc0c8\ub85c (\ub450 \ud574 \uc804\uc5d0 50\uac1c \ub0a8\uc9d3\ud55c \ud68c\uc6d0\uad6d\uc73c\ub85c) \uacb0\uc131\ub41c \uad6d\uc81c\uc5f0\ud569\uc758 2\/3\ub97c \ucc28\uc9c0\ud588\ub294\ub370, \ubd84\ud560\uc5d0 13\uac1c\uad6d\uc774 \ucc2c\uc131\ud558\uace0<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-3'><a href='#fn-2509-3' rel='footnote'>[3]<\/a><\/sup> 6\uac1c\uad6d\uc774 \uae30\uad8c\ud588\ub2e4.<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-4'><a href='#fn-2509-4' rel='footnote'>[4]<\/a><\/sup> \ubc18\ub300\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \ucfe0\ubc14 \ubfd0\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4.<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-5'><a href='#fn-2509-5' rel='footnote'>[5]<\/a><\/sup> \ud0c8\uc2dd\ubbfc\uc774 \uc774\uc81c \ub9c9 \uc2dc\uc791\ub41c \ucc38\uc774\uc5c8\uace0 \uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74, \uc544\uc2dc\uc544 \uad6d\uac00 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc774 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud0a4\ub97c \uac70\ubd80\ud55c \uc2dc\uc810\uc5d0, \uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc584\ub77c\ub294 \uc2dc\uc628\uc8fc\uc758 \uc2dd\ubbfc \uae30\ud68d\uc774 \uc2e4\ud604\ub418\ub294 \ub370\uc5d0 \ud798\uc744 \ube4c\ub824 \uc8fc\uc5c8\ub2e4.<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-6'><a href='#fn-2509-6' rel='footnote'>[6]<\/a><\/sup> \uc544\ub974\ud5e8\ud2f0\ub098 \uc5ed\uc0ac\ud559\uc790 \ubbf8\uac94 \uc774\ubc14\ub974\ub8e8\uc2dc\uc544<sup>Miguel Ibarluc\u00eda<\/sup>\uc758 \uc9c0\uc801\ub300\ub85c \uad6d\uc81c\uc5f0\ud569\uc5d0\uc11c \ud45c\uac00 \uac08\ub9b0 \uac83\uc740 \ub2f9\uc2dc \uc804 \uc9c0\uad6c\uc801 \ub3d9\uc758\ub294 \uc5c6\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70 \uc624\ud788\ub824 \uc11c\uad6c \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc774 \u2015 \ub77c\ud2f4\uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc758 \uc9c0\uc9c0\ub97c \uc5bb\uc5b4 \u2015 \uc77c\uc81c\ud788 \ubc18\ub300\ud588\ub358 \uc544\ub78d\uc138\uacc4\uc5d0 \uac15\uc694\ud55c \uac83\uc77c \ubfd0\uc784\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc900\ub2e4.<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-7'><a href='#fn-2509-7' rel='footnote'>[7]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc584\ub77c\uac00 \ubd84\ud560\uc548\uc744 \uc9c0\uc9c0\ud55c \uc774\uc720\ub97c \uc124\uba85\ud574 \uc8fc\ub294 \uc694\uc18c\uac00 \uba87 \uac00\uc9c0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ud55c\ud3b8\uc73c\ub85c, \uc774 \ub098\ub77c\ub4e4\uc740 \ub2f9\uc2dc \ud55c \uc138\uae30 \ub118\uac8c \uc804\ubd80\ud130 \uacf5\uc2dd\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub3c5\ub9bd\uad6d\uc774\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70 \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc804 \uc9c0\uad6c\uc801 \ub0a8\ubd80\uc758 \ub098\uba38\uc9c0 \ub098\ub77c\ub4e4\ub9cc\ud07c \ud0c8\uc2dd\ubbfc\uc5d0 \uad00\uc2ec\uc774 \uc788\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4.<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-8'><a href='#fn-2509-8' rel='footnote'>[8]<\/a><\/sup> \uac8c\ub2e4\uac00 \uc544\ub78d \uc138\uacc4\uc758 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ubb38\uc81c\uc5d0 \uad00\ud574 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc0c1 \uc544\ub294 \ubc14\uac00 \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub2e4.<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-9'><a href='#fn-2509-9' rel='footnote'>[9]<\/a><\/sup> \uc774\uc5d0 \ub354\ud574 \ub098\uce58\uc758 \uacf5\ud3ec\uac00 \ub4a4\ud754\ub4e4\uc5c8\ub358 \uc11c\uad6c \uc138\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc720\ub300\uc778\uae30\uad6c<sup>Jewish Agency<\/sup>\uc758 \ub85c\ube44\ub294 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc124\ub4dd\ub825 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc720\ub7fd\uc758 \uc794\ud639\ud558\uae30 \uadf8\uc9c0 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc8fc\uc758\uc5d0 \ub2e4\uc12f \uc138\uae30\ub97c \uc2dc\ub2ec\ub838\ub358 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc774 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc5d0 \uac15\uc81c\ub41c \uad6d\uac00\uc758 \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc801, \uc778\uc885\uc8fc\uc758\uc801 \uc131\uaca9\uc744 \ubcf4\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud588\ub294\uc9c0 \uc758\ubb38\uc778 \uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \uc774 \ubbfc\uc871\uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc774 \uc720\ub7fd \uc815\ucc29\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \ud6c4\uc608\uc778 \ud604\uc9c0 \uc5d8\ub9ac\ud2b8\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \ud615\uc131\ub418\uc5c8\uc74c\uc744, \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc801 \uc131\uaca9\uc758 \uad8c\ub825\uacfc \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc774 \uacc4\uc18d\ud574\uc11c \uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc54c\ub77c\uc758 \uc815\uce58, \uc0ac\ud68c, \uc0ac\uc720\ub97c \uc9c0\ubc30\ud588\ub2e4\ub294 \ud0c8\uc2dd\ubbfc \ubd84\uc11d\uac00\ub4e4\uc758 \uc9c0\uc801\uc744 \uc720\ub150\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-10'><a href='#fn-2509-10' rel='footnote'>[10]<\/a><\/sup> \uadf8 \ub098\ub77c\ub4e4\uc774 78\ub144\uc774 \uc9c0\ub09c \uc9c0\uae08\uae4c\uc9c0\ub3c4 1947\ub144\uc758 \ud22c\ud45c\ub97c, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uad6d\uacfc\uc758 70\ub144 \ubb35\uc740 \uae34\ubc00\ud55c \uc720\ub300\ub97c \uc790\uae30\ube44\ud310\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uac80\ud1a0\ud574\uc57c \ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ubc14\ub85c \uadf8\ub798\uc11c\ub2e4 \u2015 \uc774\ub294 \uac00\uc790\uc5d0\uc11c \ub450 \ud574\uc9f8 \uc778\uc885\ud559\uc0b4\uc774 \ubc8c\uc5b4\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uc9c0\uae08 \ub354\ub354\uc6b1 \uc2dc\uae09\ud55c \uc77c\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ub610 \ud55c \uac00\uc9c0 \uace0\ub824\ud574\uc57c \ud560 \uc694\uc18c\ub294 \uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc584\ub77c\uc758 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ub514\uc544\uc2a4\ud3ec\ub77c\uc640 \uadf8 \ud2b9\uc218\ud55c \uc131\uaca9\uc774\ub2e4.<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-11'><a href='#fn-2509-11' rel='footnote'>[11]<\/a><\/sup><sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-12'><a href='#fn-2509-12' rel='footnote'>[12]<\/a><\/sup> \ub514\uc544\uc2a4\ud3ec\ub77c\ub294 \ub2e4\uc591\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc774\uc8fc\ubbfc \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc740 19\uc138\uae30 \ub9d0, 20\uc138\uae30 \ucd08\uc5d0 \uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc584\ub77c\uc5d0 \uc654\uc73c\uba70 \uae30\ub3c5\uad50\ub3c4\uc600\ub2e4.<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-13'><a href='#fn-2509-13' rel='footnote'>[13]<\/a><\/sup> \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \uc815\ucc29\ud55c \ub098\ub77c(\uce60\ub808, \uc628\ub450\ub77c\uc2a4, \uc5d8 \uc0b4\ubc14\ub3c4\ub974, \ubca0\ub124\uc218\uc5d8\ub77c, \uacfc\ud14c\ub9d0\ub77c, \ucf5c\ub86c\ube44\uc544)\uc5d0\uc11c \uc27d\uac8c \ud604\uc9c0 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0 \ub3d9\ud654\ud574 \ubc88\uc601\ud588\uace0 \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud55c \uacbd\uc81c\uc801, \ubb38\ud654\uc801, \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uc601\ud5a5\ub825\uc744 \ud68d\ub4dd\ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub4e4\uc774 \ubd80\ub974\uc8fc\uc544 \uacc4\uae09\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uac14\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc740<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-14'><a href='#fn-2509-14' rel='footnote'>[14]<\/a><\/sup> \uc544\uc6b0\uad6c\uc2a4\ud1a0 \ud53c\ub178\uccb4\ud2b8<sup>Augusto Pinochet<\/sup>\uc758 \uce60\ub808\uc5d0\uc11c\ubd80\ud130 \uc548\ud1a0\ub2c8\uc624 \uc0ac\uce74<sup>Antonio Saca<\/sup>\uc640 \ub098\uc774\ube0c \ubd80\ucf08\ub808<sup>Nayib Bukele<\/sup>\uc758 \uc5d8\uc0b4\ubc14\ub3c4\ub974\uae4c\uc9c0\uc5d0\uc11c (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/espanol\/handal\/index.htm\">\uc0e4\ud53c\ud06c \ud55c\ub2ec<sup>Shafik Handal<\/sup><\/a> \uac19\uc740 \ud601\uba85\uac00\ub4e4\ub3c4 \uc788\uae30\ub294 \ud588\uc9c0\ub9cc) \uadf8\ub4e4\uc774 \uc885\uc885 \u2015 \uc88c\ud30c \ubc0f \ubb34\uc7a5 \ud22c\uc7c1\uacfc \uad00\ub828\ub418\ub294 \u2015 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ub300\uc758\uc640 \uac70\ub9ac\ub97c \ub450\uace0 \uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c\ub97c \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uc6b0\ud30c \uc815\uccb4\uc131\uc744 \uac00\uc84c\ub2e4\ub294 \ub73b\uc774\ub2e4. \ub098\ud06c\ubc14 \uc804\uc5d0 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc744 \ub5a0\ub09c, \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8 \uc810\ub839 \uce58\ud558\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0b4\uc544 \ubcf8 \uc801\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uace0\uad6d\uacfc\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\ub294 \uc815\uce58\uc801\uc774\uae30\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294 \uc815\uc11c\uc801, \ubb38\ud654\uc801\uc778 \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \ub2e4\ub978 \ub514\uc544\uc2a4\ud3ec\ub77c\ub4e4\uacfc \ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0\ub85c \ub098\uc911\uc5d0\ub294, \ud2b9\ud788 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc778 \uc0bc\uc0ac \uc138\ub4e4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\uc11c \uc815\uce58\ud654\uac00 \ubc8c\uc5b4\uc84c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \uc5b8\uc5b4, \uc815\uccb4\uc131, \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc801 \uae30\uc5b5\uc758 \ud68c\ubcf5\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \ud589\ub3d9, \ud559\uc220 \uc5f0\uad6c, \ubb38\ud559\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=LKpgp0KJjRk\">\uc790\uc2e0\ub4e4\uc758 \uae30\uc6d0\uacfc \uc5f0\uacb0<\/a>\ub418\uace0\uc790 \ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774 \uacfc\uc815\uc740 1970\ub144\ub300 \ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc57c\uc138\ub974 \uc544\ub77c\ud30c\ud2b8<sup>Yasser Arafat<\/sup>\uac00 \uc774\ub048 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\ud574\ubc29\uae30\uad6c\uac00 \uc131\uacf5\uc801\uc778 \uc678\uad50\ub97c \ud589\ud55c \uacb0\uacfc \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ub300\uc758\uc758 \uad6d\uc81c\uc801 \uc815\ub2f9\uc131\uc774 \uc99d\ub300\ub41c \uac83\uacfc\ub3c4 \uc774\uc5b4\uc838 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ucee8\ub300 \uce60\ub808\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc778 \uc0bc\uc0ac \uc138\ub4e4\uc740 \ud604\uc7ac \u2015 \ud2b9\ud788 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\ud559\uc0dd\ucd1d\uc5f0\ub9f9<sup>General Union of Palestine Students<\/sup>(UGEP)\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ub300\ud559\uc0dd\uc744 \uc911\uc2ec\uc73c\ub85c \u2015 \ubcf4\uc774\ucf67\u00b7\ud22c\uc790\ucca0\ud68c\u00b7\uc81c\uc7ac(BDS) \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \uc801\uadf9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc870\uc9c1\ud558\uace0 \uc790\uc2e0\ub4e4\uc758 \ud589\ub3d9\uc744 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc0ac\ud68c \uc6b4\ub3d9\ub4e4\uacfc \uc5f0\uacc4\uc2dc\ud0a8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \ud5cc\uc2e0\uc740 \ud604\uc7ac\uc758 \uc778\uc885\ud559\uc0b4\uc5d0 \ub9de\uc120 \ud22c\uc7c1\uc744 \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud788 \uac15\ud654\ud588\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uce60\ub808 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc790 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/north-africa-west-asia\/latin-america-s-turn-to-right-implications-for-palestine\/\">\uc138\uc2e4\ub9ac\uc544 \ubc14\uc5d0\uc0ac<sup>Cecilia Baeza<\/sup><\/a>\uac00 \uac15\uc870\ud55c \ubc14 \uc788\ub4ef, \uc2dc\uc628\uc8fc\uc758 \uce5c\uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8 \ub85c\ube44\ub97c \ucd94\ub3d9\ud558\ub294 \uacb0\uc18d\ub825\uc774\ub098 \ubaa9\uc801\uc758\uc2dd\uacfc \uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc584\ub77c \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ub514\uc544\uc2a4\ud3ec\ub77c\ub4e4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uacc4\uae09\uc801, \uc774\ub370\uc62c\ub85c\uae30\uc801 \uc774\ud574\uad00\uacc4 \ucc28\uc774\ub294 \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \uac15\ub82c\ud55c \ub300\ube44\ub97c \uc774\ub8ec\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mondoweiss.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/chapitre-2-1024x515.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\ud478\ub77c\ud14c \uc0e4\ud560 \uc5d8 \ub808\uce74\ube44 \uadf8\ub9bc.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uac8c\ub9b4\ub77c \uadf8\ub8f9, \ub3c5\uc7ac, \uad8c\ub825\uc774\uc591\uc758 \uba38\ub9ac \uc704\ub97c \ub9f4\ub3c4\ub294 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc758 \uc720\ub839<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>\ubc14\uc5d0\uc790\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74 \ub77c\ud2f4\uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc740 \uc9c0\ub09c \uc138\uc6d4 \ub3d9\uc548 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc774\uc288\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc77c\uad00\ub41c \uc811\uadfc\ubc95\uc744 \ucde8\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uace0, \uadf8\ub798\uc11c \uc5ed\ub0b4\uc758 \uacbd\ud5a5\uc744 \uaddc\uc815\ud558\ub824\ub2e4 \ubcf4\uba74 \ud544\uc5f0\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub2e8\uc21c\ud654\uac00 \uc218\ubc18\ub41c\ub2e4.<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-15'><a href='#fn-2509-15' rel='footnote'>[15]<\/a><\/sup> 1947\ub144 \uac01\uad6d\uc758 \ud22c\ud45c\ub294 \uc704\uc640 \uac19\uc558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc774\ud6c4\uc758 \uc218\uc2ed \ub144 \ub3d9\uc548 \uc5ed\ub0b4\uc758 \ud6c4\uc784 \uc815\ubd80\ub4e4\uc740 \uc790\uad6d \ub0b4 \uc544\ub78d\uc778 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\uc640 \uc720\ub300\uc778 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\uc758 \uc774\ud574\uad00\uacc4\uc758 \uade0\ud615\uc744 \ub9de\ucd94\ub294 \uc2e4\uc6a9\uc801\uc778 \uc785\uc7a5\uc744 \uace0\uc218\ud588\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c, \ub9e4 \uc704\uae30\ub9c8\ub2e4, \uc815\ubd80 \ub2f4\ud654\ub294 \u2018\uc591\ucabd \ubaa8\ub450\u2019\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud3ed\ub825\uc744 \uaddc\ud0c4\ud588\uace0 \uad6d\uc81c\ubc95 \uc900\uc218\ub97c \uc694\uad6c\ud588\ub2e4 \u2015 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc5d0 \ub4dd\uc774 \ub418\uace4 \ud558\ub294 \uc785\uc7a5\uc774\ub2e4. \ucfe0\ubc14, \uc0b0\ub514\ub2c8\uc2a4\ud0c0 \ub2c8\uce74\ub77c\uacfc,<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-16'><a href='#fn-2509-16' rel='footnote'>[16]<\/a><\/sup> \ubcfc\ub9ac\ubc14\ub974 \ubca0\ub124\uc218\uc5d8\ub77c<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-17'><a href='#fn-2509-17' rel='footnote'>[17]<\/a><\/sup> \uac19\uc740 \uc608\uc678\ub97c \uc81c\uc678\ud558\uba74, \ub77c\ud2f4\uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc758 \ub300 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778, \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8 \uad00\uacc4\ub294 \uc9d1\uad8c\ub2f9\uc758 \uc774\ud574\uad00\uacc4\uc640 \uc774\ub370\uc62c\ub85c\uae30 \ubcc0\ud654\uc5d0 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubc1b\uc558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uad6d\uac00 \uc815\ucc45\uc740 \ub300\uac1c \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uacfc \uae34\ubc00\ud55c \uc720\ub300\ub97c \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ubd84\ud560\uc548 \ud22c\ud45c\uac00 \uc788\uc5c8\ub358 1947\ub144\ubd80\ud130 1974\ub144\uae4c\uc9c0\uc758 \uae30\uac04 \ub3d9\uc548, \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc758 \ub77c\ud2f4\uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74 \uc815\ubd80\ub294 \ub0c9\uc804 \uccb4\uc81c \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c \ud569\uc911\uad6d\uc758 \ud3b8\uc5d0 \uc11c\uc11c \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc5d0 \ud638\uc758\uc801\uc778 \uc785\uc7a5\uc744 \u2015 \ubb3c\ub860 \ub098\ub77c\uc640 \uc815\ubd80\uc758 \uc9c0\ud5a5\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud55c \ucc28\uc774\uac00 \uc788\uae30\ub294 \ud588\uc9c0\ub9cc \u2015 \uace0\uc218\ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 1950, 60\ub144\ub300 \uad6d\uc81c\uc5f0\ud569\uc758 \uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74 \ubc0f \uc544\uc2dc\uc544 \uc2e0\uc0dd \ud0c8\uc2dd\ubbfc \uad6d\uac00 \uc778\uc815, 1961\ub144 \ube44\ub3d9\ub9f9 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc758 \ud0c4\uc0dd, 1967\ub144 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc758 \uc544\ub78d \uc601\ud1a0 \uc810\ub839, 1973\ub144 \uc11d\uc720\uc218\ucd9c\uad6d\uae30\uad6c(OPEC)\uc758 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8 \uc9c0\uc9c0 \uad6d\uac00\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc5e0\ubc14\uace0 \uac19\uc740 \uc694\uc18c\ub4e4\uc740 \uc544\ube44\uc544 \uc584\ub77c \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc774 \uc544\ub78d \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uacfc\uc758 \uad00\uacc4 \uac1c\uc120\uc744 \ub3c4\ubaa8\ud558\uace0 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ub300\uc758\uc5d0 \ub354 \ud070 \uc9c0\uc9c0\ub97c \ud45c\ud558\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5c8\ub2e4. 1974\ub144\uc5d0 PLO\uac00 \uad6d\uc81c\uc5f0\ud569\uc5d0\uc11c \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ubbfc\uc871\uc758 \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \ub300\ud45c\uccb4\ub85c \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc5ec\uc9c0\uace0 \ucc38\uad00\uad6d \uc9c0\uc704\ub97c \ubd80\uc5ec \ubc1b\uc740 \uac83 \uc5ed\uc2dc \uad00\uacc4 \uac1c\uc120\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uc5b4\uc84c\ub2e4. \uc774\ud6c4, 1970, 80\ub144\ub300\uc5d0\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec \ub77c\ud2f4\uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74 \uad6d\uac00\uac00 PLO\ub97c \uc778\uc815\ud588\uc73c\uba70 PLO\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ucfe0\ubc14, \ub2c8\uce74\ub77c\uacfc, \ube0c\ub77c\uc9c8, \uba55\uc2dc\ucf54, \ud398\ub8e8, \uce60\ub808 \ub4f1 \uc5ec\ub7ec \ub098\ub77c\uc5d0\uc11c \ub300\ud45c\uc0ac\ubb34\uc18c\ub97c \uc124\uce58\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ud574\ub2f9 \uc2dc\uae30\uc5d0, \uc2ec\uc9c0\uc5b4 \uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74 \uad6d\uac00 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc740 1973\ub144\uc5d0 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uacfc\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ub04a\uc5c8\ub294\ub370\ub3c4, \uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc54c\ub77c \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4 \u2015 \uadf8 \uc911 \uc0c1\ub2f9\uc218\uac00 \ud604\uc7ac \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \ub3c5\uc7ac \uc815\ubd80 \uce58\ud558\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \u2015 \uc740 \ub18d\uc5c5 \ubc0f \uad70\uc0ac \uadfc\ub300\ud654 \uc790\uae08 \uc9c0\uc6d0\uc744 \ube44\ub86f\ud55c \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8 \ud611\ub825 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8\uc758 \uc8fc\uc694 \uc218\ud61c\uad6d\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c 1970\ub144\ubd80\ud130 1980\ub144\ub300 \uc911\ubc18\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc774 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc758 \uc8fc\uc694 \uc218\ucd9c\ud488\uc740 \ubb34\uae30\uc600\ub2e4.<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-18'><a href='#fn-2509-18' rel='footnote'>[18]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ubb3c\ub860 (\uac00\uc790 \uc778\uc885\ud559\uc0b4 \ub3d9\uc548 \ud655\uc778\ud55c \ub300\ub85c) \uad6d\uac00\ub098 \uc815\ubd80\ub97c \uadf8 \uad6d\ubbfc\ub4e4\uacfc \ub3d9\uc77c\uc2dc\ud560 \uc218\ub294 \uc5c6\uc73c\uba70, \uadf8\ub807\uae30\uc5d0 1960, 70\ub144\ub300\uc5d0\ub294 \uc815\ubd80\uc758 \uc785\uc7a5\uacfc\ub294 \ub2ec\ub9ac, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc815\ubd80\uc758 \uc785\uc7a5\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0, \ub77c\ud2f4\uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74\uc640 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ubc0f \uc544\ub78d \uc138\uacc4 \uc591\uce21 \uc815\uce58 \uac8c\ub9b4\ub77c \uc870\uc9c1\ub4e4\uc758 \uc5f0\uacc4\ub97c \ud3ec\ud568\ud574 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uacfc \uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc54c\ub77c \ubbfc\uc911 \uac04\uc758 \uc9c1\uc811\uc801\uc778 \uc5f0\ub300 \ub610\ud55c \ud615\uc131\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-19'><a href='#fn-2509-19' rel='footnote'>[19]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774 \uc2dc\uae30\uc5d0\ub294 \ucfe0\ubc14\uac00 \uc678\uad50\uc801, \uc815\uce58\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud575\uc2ec\uc801\uc778 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud588\ub2e4. 1966\ub144\uc5d0 \uc544\ubc14\ub098\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5f4\ub824 \ub0a8\ubd80 \uc138 \ub300\ub959\uc758 \ud601\uba85 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \ud55c \uc790\ub9ac\uc5d0 \ubaa8\uc740 \uc0bc\ub300\ub959 \ub300\ud68c<sup>Tricontinental Conference<\/sup> \ub4f1\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc11c\uc600\ub294\ub370, \uc774\ub294 \uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74\u00b7\uc544\uc2dc\uc544\u00b7\ub77c\ud2f4\uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74\ubbfc\uc911\uc5f0\ub300\uae30\uad6c<sup>Organization of Solidarity of the Peoples of Africa, Asia and Latin America<\/sup>(OSPAAL)\uc758 \uc124\ub9bd\uacfc \ub2f9\uc2dc \uc81c3\uc138\uacc4\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \uc8fc\uc694 \ubaa9\uc18c\ub9ac\uc600\ub358 \uae30\uad00\uc9c0 \u300a\uc0bc\ub300\ub959\u300b \ucc3d\uac04\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uc5b4\uc84c\ub2e4. \ucfe0\ubc14\ub294 \ub0a8\uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74 \ub0a8\ubd80<sup>Southern Cone<\/sup>,<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-20'><a href='#fn-2509-20' rel='footnote'>[20]<\/a><\/sup> \ucf5c\ub86c\ube44\uc544, \uc911\uc559\uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74, \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uac8c\ub9b4\ub77c \uc870\uc9c1\ub4e4 \uac04\uc758 \uc804\ub7b5\uc801 \uc815\ubcf4\u00b7\uad70\uc0ac\ud6c8\ub828 \uad50\ud658 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8\uc744 \uc8fc\uc120\ud558\uae30\ub3c4 \ud588\ub2e4.<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-21'><a href='#fn-2509-21' rel='footnote'>[21]<\/a><\/sup> \uc774\ucabd\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 PLO\uac00 \uc774\ub044\ub294 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc758 \uc800\ud56d\uc744 \ubbfc\uc871 \ud574\ubc29, \ubc18\uc81c\uad6d\uc8fc\uc758 \ud22c\uc7c1\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc 1970, 80\ub144\ub300 \uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc584\ub77c\uc5d0\uc11c \uac8c\ub9b4\ub77c \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc774 \ud328\ubc30\ud55c<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-22'><a href='#fn-2509-22' rel='footnote'>[22]<\/a><\/sup> \uc2dc\uae30\uc5d0 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ubb34\uc7a5 \ud22c\uc7c1\uc758 \ud750\ub984 \uc5ed\uc2dc \ub04a\uc5b4\uc84c\ub2e4. 1982\ub144\uc5d0 PLO\uac00 \ub808\ubc14\ub17c\uc5d0\uc11c \ud280\ub2c8\uc9c0\ub85c \ubc00\ub824\ub098\uba74\uc11c\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8 \ud6c4 PLO\ub294 \ubb34\uae30\ub97c \ub0b4\ub824 \ub193\uace0 \uc678\uad50\ub97c \ud0dd\ud588\ub2e4. 1988\ub144\uc5d0\ub294 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\ub3c5\ub9bd\uc120\uc5b8\ubb38\uc744<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-\uc5ed\uc8fc1'><a href='#fn-2509-\uc5ed\uc8fc1' rel='footnote'>[\uc5ed\uc8fc1]<\/a><\/sup> \ubc1c\ud45c\ud588\uace0 1991\ub144\uc5d0\ub294 \ub9c8\ub4dc\ub9ac\ub4dc \ud68c\ub2f4\uc5d0 \ucc38\uc5ec\ud588\uc73c\uba70 1993-1995\ub144\uc5d0\ub294 \uc624\uc2ac\ub85c \ud611\uc815\uc5d0 \uc11c\uba85\ud588\ub2e4. \uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc584\ub77c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc774 \uc2dc\uae30\uc5d0 \uc0dd\uaca8\ub09c \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758\uc801\uc774\uace0 \ud3ed\uc555\uc801\uc778 \ub3c5\uc7ac \uccb4\uc81c\ub4e4\uc774 \uad6d\uac00 \ud14c\ub7ec\ub9ac\uc998\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ud22c\uc0ac\ub4e4\uacfc \uc870\uc9c1\ub4e4\uc744 \uada4\uba78\uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4. \uc870\uc9c1\ub4e4 \uac04\uc758 \uc5f0\uacb0\uacfc \uacf5\ud1b5\uc758 \uae30\uc5b5 \ub610\ud55c \ub04a\uc5b4\ubc84\ub838\ub2e4.<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-23'><a href='#fn-2509-23' rel='footnote'>[23]<\/a><\/sup> \uc218\ub9ce\uc740 \ud22c\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc774 \ubaa9\uc228\uc744 \uc783\uac70\ub098 \uc2e4\uc885\ub418\uac70\ub098 \ub9dd\uba85\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uc815\uce58\uc218\ub85c \uc7a5\uae30\uac04 \uc218\uac10\ub418\ub294 \uc6b4\uba85\uc744 \ub9de\uc558\ub2e4. \uc774 \ud328\ubc30\ub294 \uc88c\ud30c\uc758 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc911\uc694 \ubd80\ubb38\uc5d0\uc11c \uc77c\ubd80 \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc778, \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790, \ud65c\ub3d9\uac00\ub4e4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uae38\uace0 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \ub17c\uc7c1\uacfc \ubb34\uc7a5 \ud22c\uc7c1\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubd88\uc2e0<sup>dicredit<\/sup>\uc744 \ub0b3\uc558\ub2e4.<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-24'><a href='#fn-2509-24' rel='footnote'>[24]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1970\ub144\ub300, 80\ub144\ub300 \ub3d9\uc548 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc740 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2003\/6\/5\/israels-latin-american-trail-of-terror\">\ud569\uc911\uad6d\uc758 \ub300\ub9ac\uc790<\/a> \ub178\ub987\uc744 \ud558\uba70 \ub77c\ud2f4\uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74 \ub0a8\ubd80\uc640 \uc911\uc559\uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74\uc5d0\uc11c \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uccb4\uc81c\ub4e4\uacfc \ucc98\ud615 \ubd80\ub300\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ubc18\ub780 \uc9c4\uc555 \uc804\uc220\uc744 \uad50\uc721\ud588\ub2e4.<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-25'><a href='#fn-2509-25' rel='footnote'>[25]<\/a><\/sup> \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc774 \uc774\ub807\uac8c \ub3c5\uc7ac\uc815\ubd80\ub4e4, \uadf8 \uad70\ub300\ub4e4\uacfc \uc804\ub7b5\uc801 \ub3d9\ub9f9\uc744 \ub9fa\uc740 \ub370\uc5d0\ub294 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \ubaa9\uc801 \ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \uacc4\uc0b0\ub3c4 \uae54\ub824 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. 1980\ub144\ub300 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8 \ubb34\uae30 \uc218\ucd9c\uc758 1\/3\uc774 \uc774 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc744 \uc0c1\ub300\ub85c \ud589\ud574\uc84c\ub2e4.<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-26'><a href='#fn-2509-26' rel='footnote'>[26]<\/a><\/sup> \uc5ed\uc0ac\ud559\uc790 \ud5e4\ub77c\ub974\ub3c4 \ub808\uc774\ube0c\ub108<sup>Gerardo Leibner<\/sup>\uac00 \uc9c0\uc801\ud558\ub4ef, \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc758 \ud611\uc870\ub294 \uc774 \uccb4\uc81c\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc678\uad50\uc801, \uc815\uce58\uc801 \ube44\ud638\ub97c \u2015 \ub610\ud55c \uc544\ub9c8\ub3c4 \ucca9\ubcf4\ub97c \u2015 \uc81c\uacf5\ud588\ub2e4.<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-27'><a href='#fn-2509-27' rel='footnote'>[27]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774 \ub3c5\uc7ac \uccb4\uc81c\ub4e4\uc774 \ub178\uace8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubc18\uc720\ub300\uc801\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc5d0\uac8c \ubb38\uc81c\uac00 \ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4. \uc608\ucee8\ub300 \uc544\ub974\ud5e8\ud2f0\ub098 \uad70\uc0ac\uc815\uad8c\uc740 \ud30c\ud0c0\uace0\ub2c8\uc544\uc5d0 \uc720\ub300 \uad6d\uac00\ub97c \uac74\uc124\ud558\ub824\ub294 (\uc548\ub514\ub2c8\uc544 \uacc4\ud68d<sup>Andinia plan<\/sup>\uc774\ub77c \ubd88\ub9ac\ub294) \uc74c\ubaa8\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \ubbff\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc544\ub974\ud5e8\ud2f0\ub098\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8 \uad70\uc758 \uc544\ub974\ud5e8\ud2f0\ub098 \uce68\ub7b5 \uacc4\ud68d\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \uc5bb\uc5b4 \ub0b4\ub824\uace0 \uc5b8\ub860\uc778 \uc57c\ucf54\ubcf4 \ud2f0\uba38\ub9cc \ub4f1 \uc720\ub300\uc778\ub4e4\uc744 \uace0\ubb38\ud55c<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-28'><a href='#fn-2509-28' rel='footnote'>[28]<\/a><\/sup> \ub4a4\ub85c\ub3c4 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc740 \uad70\uc0ac\uc815\ubd80 \uc9c0\uc6d0\uc744 \uc911\ub2e8\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4. \ub9d0\ube44\ub098\uc2a4\/\ud3ec\ud074\ub79c\ub4dc \uc804\uc7c1<sup>Malvinas\/Falklands War<\/sup>\uc5d0 \uc4f0\uc778 \ubb34\uae30\ub97c \uacf5\uae09\ud588\ub2e4.<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-29'><a href='#fn-2509-29' rel='footnote'>[29]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uacfc\uc758 \uad70\uc0ac \uc5f0\uacc4\ub294 \ucf5c\ub86c\ube44\uc544\uc5f0\ud569\uc790\uc704\uad70<sup>Colombian United Self-Defence Groups (AUCs)<\/sup>\uc744 \ube44\ub86f\ud55c \uadf9\uc6b0 \uc900\uad70\uc0ac\uc870\uc9c1\ub4e4 \u2015 \ucf5c\ub86c\ube44\uc544 \ub0b4\uc804 \ud76c\uc0dd\uc790 40\ub9cc \uba85 \uc911 45%\uac00 \uc774\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ud76c\uc0dd\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-30'><a href='#fn-2509-30' rel='footnote'>[30]<\/a><\/sup> \u2015 \uc758 \ucc3d\uc124\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uacb0\uc815\uc801\uc778 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\ucce4\ub2e4. AUCs\uc758 \ucd5c\uace0 \uc218\uc7a5\uc774\uc5c8\ub358 \uce74\ub97c\ub85c\uc2a4 \uce74\uc2a4\ud0c0\ub1e8<sup>Carlos Casta\u00f1o<\/sup>\ub294 1983\ub144\uc5d0 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc5d0 \uac00\uc11c \uad70\uc0ac \ud6c8\ub828\uc744 \ubc1b\uc558\ub2e4.<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-31'><a href='#fn-2509-31' rel='footnote'>[31]<\/a><\/sup> \ud30c\ub77c\uacfc\uc774, \uacfc\ud14c\ub9d0\ub77c, \uc628\ub450\ub77c\uc2a4\ub97c \uc9c0\ubc30\ud55c \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uccb4\uc81c\ub4e4 \uc5ed\uc2dc \ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0\ub85c 1980\ub144\ub300\ubd80\ud130 \uc774\ud6c4 \uc218\uc2ed \ub144 \ub3d9\uc548 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uacfc \uae34\ubc00\ud55c \uad70\uc0ac\u00b7\ucca9\ubcf4 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uc720\uc9c0\ud588\ub2e4. 2018\ub144\uc5d0 \ud2b8\ub7fc\ud504\ub97c \uc887\uc544 \uac00\uc7a5 \uba3c\uc800 \uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub818\uc73c\ub85c \ub300\uc0ac\uad00\uc744 \uc774\uc804\ud558\uae30\ub85c \ubc1c\ud45c\ud55c \ub098\ub77c\uac00 \uc774\ub4e4\uc778 \uac83\uc740 \uc6b0\uc5f0\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4.<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-32'><a href='#fn-2509-32' rel='footnote'>[32]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1980\ub144\ub300 \uc911\uc5fd\ubd80\ud130 \ub9d0\uc5fd\uae4c\uc9c0, \uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc584\ub77c \ubbfc\uc911\ub4e4\uc740 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\ub85c \uc774\ud589\ud558\uace0 \uad6d\uac00 \ud14c\ub7ec\ub9ac\uc998\uc744 \uc800\uc9c0\ub978 \uc774\ub4e4\uc774 \ubc8c\uc744 \uba74\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub3c4\ub85d \uc2f8\uc6b0\ub294 \ub370\uc5d0 \uace8\ubab0\ud558\ub290\ub77c \uc720\uc758\ubbf8\ud55c \uce5c\ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc5f0\ub300\ub97c \ud3bc\uce60 \uc5ec\ub825\uc774 \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc 1987\ub144 \ub9d0\uc5d0 \uc81c1\ucc28 \uc778\ud2f0\ud30c\ub2e4\uac00 \uc2dc\uc791\ub418\uc5b4 \uc810\uc810 \ub354 \uad6d\uc81c\uc801 \ub3d9\uc870\ub97c \uc5bb\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uba74\uc11c \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ub300\uc758\uc5d0\uc758 \uad00\uc2ec\uc774 \ub418\uc0b4\uc544\ub0ac\ub2e4. 1988\ub144\uc5d0 \uc54c\uc81c\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1c\ud45c\ub41c \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\ub3c5\ub9bd\uc120\uc5b8\ubb38\uc740 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc774 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ub300\uc758\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc9c0\uc9c0\ub97c \ub04c\uc5b4\ub0c8\ub2e4. \ub2f9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uacf5\uc2dd\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uad6d\uac00\ub97c \uc778\uc815\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \ub2c8\uce74\ub77c\uacfc\uc640 \ucfe0\ubc14 \ubfd0\uc774\uae34 \ud588\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ub3c5\ub9bd \uc120\uc5b8\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud55c \uad6d\uc81c\uc5f0\ud569 \uc77c\ubc18\ucd1d\ud68c \uacb0\uc758\uc548 43\/177\ud638(1988)\uc5d0 \ub77c\ud2f4\uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74\uc5d0\uc11c 10\uac1c\uad6d\uc774<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-33'><a href='#fn-2509-33' rel='footnote'>[33]<\/a><\/sup> \ucc2c\uc131\ud45c\ub97c \ub358\uc84c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1980\ub144\ub300, 1990\ub144\ub300\uc5d0 \uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc584\ub77c\uc5d0\uc11c \ub3c5\uc7ac\uc640 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758 \uccb4\uc81c\uac00 \uc885\uc2dd\ub41c \ud6c4, (\ucfe0\ubc14\uc640 \ub2c8\uce74\ub77c\uacfc\ub97c \uc81c\uc678\ud558\uba74) \uc9c4\ubcf4\uc640 \ubcf4\uc218\ub97c \uac00\ub9ac\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uac70\uc758 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc758 \uc815\ubd80\uac00 \u2015 \ubb34\uae30, \uc548\ubcf4 \uccb4\uc81c, \uc0ac\uc774\ubc84 \ubcf4\uc548 \ubc0f \ucca9\ubcf4, \u2018\ub300 \ud14c\ub7ec \uc804\ud22c\u2019 \ubc0f \u2018\ubc18\ub780 \uc9c4\uc555\u2019 \ubd84\uc57c \ubcf4\uc548\uad70 \ud6c8\ub828 \ub4f1 \ub124 \uac00\uc9c0 \uc601\uc5ed\uc5d0 \ucd08\uc810\uc744 \ub450\uace0 \u2015 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uacfc \uad70\uc0ac\u00b7\ucca9\ubcf4 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uc218\ub9bd \ud639\uc740 \uc720\uc9c0\ud588\ub2e4. \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc740 \ube0c\ub77c\uc9c8, \uce60\ub808, \ucf5c\ub86c\ube44\uc544\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5f4\ub9b0 \ubb34\uae30\ubc15\ub78c\ud68c\uc5d0 \ucc38\uc5ec\ud588\ub2e4. \uce60\ub808\uc758 \uc138\ubc14\uc2a4\ud2f0\uc548 \ud53c\ub15c\ub77c<sup>Sebasti\u00e1n Pi\u00f1era<\/sup>\ub294 \uc548\ubcf4 \uc815\ucc45 \ubc0f \uc648\ub9c8\ud478<sup>Wallmapou<\/sup> \uc989 <a href=\"https:\/\/olca.cl\/articulo\/nota.php?id=107519\">\uc544\ub77c\uc6b0\uce74\ub2c8\uc544<sup>Araucan\u00eda<\/sup> \uad70\uc0ac\ud654<\/a>\uc758 \uc77c\ud658\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uacfc \ud53c\ub178\uccb4\ud2b8\ub97c \uc81c\uc678\ud55c \uadf8 \uc5b4\ub290 \uce60\ub808 \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub3c4 <a href=\"https:\/\/olca.cl\/articulo\/nota.php?id=108064\">\ub9ce\uc740 \uc870\uc57d\uc744 \ub9fa\uc5c8\ub2e4<\/a>. \uc774\uc640 \ube44\uc2b7\ud558\uac8c, \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ub2e8\uccb4 \uc7a5\ubcbd\uc744\uba48\ucdb0\ub77c<sup>Stop the Wall<\/sup>\uc758 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bdsmovement.net\/news\/stop-wall-release-new-report-brazils-military-relations-israel-0\">2011\ub144 \ubcf4\uace0\uc11c<\/a>\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ubc1d\ud600\uc9c4 \ub300\ub85c, \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\ub2f9<sup>Workers\u2019 Party<\/sup>(PT) \uc815\uad8c \ud558\uc758 \ube0c\ub77c\uc9c8\uc740 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uacfc 10\uc5b5 \ub2ec\ub7ec \uac00\ub7c9\uc758 \uad70\uc0ac \uacc4\uc57d\uc744 \ub9fa\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uacc4\uc57d\ub4e4\uc758 \uacb0\uacfc\ub294 \uacbd\ucc30\uacfc \uad70\ub300\uac00 \ub9ac\uc6b0\ub370\uc790\ub124\uc774\ub8e8\uc758 \ud30c\ubca8\ub77c<sup>favela[; \ube48\ubbfc\uac00]<\/sup>\ub4e4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc7a5\ube44, \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ubc29\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc77c\uc744 \ubc8c\uc600\ub294\uc9c0\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc8fc\ub85c \uc80a\uc740 \ud751\uc778 \uc778\uad6c\uac00 \ud070 \ub300\uac00\ub97c \uce58\ub800\ub2e4.<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-34'><a href='#fn-2509-34' rel='footnote'>[34]<\/a><\/sup> BDS \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc774 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c <a href=\"https:\/\/desinformemonos.org\/contra-la-industria-de-la-muerte-embargo-militar\/\">\uad70\uc0ac \uc5e0\ubc14\uace0<\/a>\ub97c \uc694\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ub300\uc758\ub97c \uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc584\ub77c \uc804\uc5ed\uc758 \ubc18\uc2dd\ubbfc, \uc120\uc8fc\ubbfc, \ubc18\uc778\uc885\uc8fc\uc758, \ubc18\uad70\uc0ac\uc8fc\uc758 \ud22c\uc7c1\uacfc \uc5f0\uacc4\ud558\ub824 \ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc774\ub7f0 \uc5f0\uacb0\uace0\ub9ac\ub4e4\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mondoweiss.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/chapitre-3-1024x515.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\ud478\ub77c\ud14c \uc0e4\ud560 \uc5d8 \ub808\uce74\ube44 \uadf8\ub9bc.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uc624\uc2ac\ub85c\uc758 \uc7ac\uc559 \u2015 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc138\uacc4\ub294 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c\uac00?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>1\ucc28 \uc778\ud2f0\ud30c\ub2e4\ub77c\ub294 \ub300\uaddc\ubaa8 \ub300\uc911 \ubd09\uae30\ub97c \ubb34\ub108\ub728\ub9b0 \uac83\uc740 \uc774\ub978\ubc14 \u2018\uc624\uc2ac\ub85c \uacfc\uc815\u2019\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ubcf8\ud1a0\uc640 \ub514\uc544\uc2a4\ud3ec\ub77c \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ubbfc\uc871 \uc0c1\ub2f9\uc218\ub294 \ubb3c\ub860 \uc138\uacc4 \uac01\uc9c0\uc758 \uc9c0\uc9c0\uc790\ub4e4 \uc5ed\uc2dc \uadf8 \ub36b\uc5d0 \ube60\uc84c\ub2e4. \uc544\ub77c\ud30c\ud2b8 \uc9c0\ub3c4\ubd80\uac00 \uc624\uc2ac\ub85c \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0 \ubd80\uc5ec\ud55c \uc815\ub2f9\uc131\uc744 \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uba74, \ub300\uc911\uc774 \uadf8\uc5d0 \uc5f4\uad11\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \ud544\uc5f0\uc801\uc778 \uc77c\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(\uc624\uc2ac\ub85c \ud611\uc815\uc744 \u2018\ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc758 \ubca0\ub974\uc0ac\uc720 \uc870\uc57d\u2019\uc774\ub77c \ubd88\ub800\ub358) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lrb.co.uk\/the-paper\/v15\/n20\/edward-said\/the-morning-after\">\uc5d0\ub4dc\uc6cc\ub4dc \uc0ac\uc774\ub4dc<sup>Edward Said<\/sup><\/a>\ub098 (\uc774\uc2ac\ub78c\uc8fc\uc758\ubd80\ud130 \ub9c8\ub974\ud06c\uc2a4\uc8fc\uc758\uae4c\uc9c0) 10\uac1c \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc815\ub2f9 \ub4f1\uc774 \ub0b8 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ube44\ud310\uc801 \ubaa9\uc18c\ub9ac\uc640 \uacbd\uace0\ub294 \uc8fc\ubaa9 \ubc1b\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud588\ub2e4. \uc18c\uc704 \u2018\ud3c9\ud654 \uacfc\uc815\u2019\uc740 \uc778\ud2f0\ud30c\ub2e4\ub97c \uac00\ub77c\uc549\ud788\uace0 \ud53c\uc5b5\uc555\uc790\ub4e4\uc744 \uc5b5\uc555\uc790\ub4e4\uacfc\uc758 \ub05d\uc5c6\uace0 \ud5db\ub41c \u2015 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubb34\uc870\uac74\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc744 \uc9c0\uc9c0\ud55c \uac78 \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uba74 \uacb0\ub2e8\ucf54 \ubbff\uc744 \ub9cc\ud55c \uc911\uc7ac\uc790\ub294 \uc544\ub2cc (\ubbf8\ud569\uc911\uad6d\uc774\ub77c\ub294) \uc81c\uad6d\uc8fc\uc758 \uac15\ub300\uad6d\uc774 \uc8fc\uad00\ud558\ub294<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-35'><a href='#fn-2509-35' rel='footnote'>[35]<\/a><\/sup> \u2015 \ud611\uc0c1\uc5d0 \uc62d\uc544\ub9e4\ub824\ub294 \uc218\uc791\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4.<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-36'><a href='#fn-2509-36' rel='footnote'>[36]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ubbfc\uc871\uc5d0\uac8c \uc624\uc2ac\ub85c \uacfc\uc815\uc740 \ub2e4\uce35\uc801\uc774\uace0 \ube44\uadf9\uc801\uc778 \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \ub0a8\uacbc\ub2e4. \ud611\uc815\uc774 (\uc544\ub77c\ud30c\ud2b8 \uc790\uc2e0\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud574) \ub9ce\uc740 \ub9dd\uba85 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc73c\ub85c \ub3cc\uc544\uc62c \uc218 \uc788\uac8c \ud588\uc73c\uba70 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc790\uce58\uc815\ubd80<sup>Palestinian Authority<\/sup>(PA)\uc5d0 \uad50\uc721\uc744 \ube44\ub86f\ud55c \uc5ec\ub7ec \uacf5\uacf5 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \uc790\uc728\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uad00\ub9ac\ud560 \uad8c\ud55c\uc744 \uc8fc\uc5c8\ub2e4\ub294 (\ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc810\ub839 \uad8c\ub825 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc758 \ucc45\uc784\uc744 \uba74\ud574 \uc8fc\uc5c8\ub2e4\ub294) \uac83\uc740 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc774\ub2e4. \uad6d\uc81c\uc5f0\ud569\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc678\uad50\uc801 \ub178\ub825\uc744 \uc9c4\uc804\uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83 \uc5ed\uc2dc \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc774\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \ub354 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uac83\uc740, \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc758 \uc790\uce58\ub77c\ub294 \ud5c8\uc6b8 \ub4a4\uc5d0 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc758 \uc9c0\ubc30\ub77c\ub294 \uc9c4\uc2e4\uc744 \uc228\uacbc\uc73c\uba70 \uc774\ub85c\uc368 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc774 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc544\ub78d, \ubb34\uc2ac\ub9bc, \uc804 \uc9c0\uad6c\uc801 \ub0a8\ubd80 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc758 \ub208\uc5d0 \uc815\ub2f9\uc131\uc744 \ud655\ubcf4\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uac8c, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc778\uc815\uc744 \uacf5\uace0\ud788 \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uac8c \ud574\uc8fc\uc5c8\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc774\ub2e4.<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-37'><a href='#fn-2509-37' rel='footnote'>[37]<\/a><\/sup> \uac8c\ub2e4\uac00 \uc624\uc2ac\ub85c \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 PA\uc758 \ucd5c\uc6b0\uc120 \ucc45\ubb34\ub294 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc5d0 \uc790\uae30\ub124 \ubbfc\uc871\uc758 \uc800\ud56d\uc744 \uc5b5\uc555\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \ucca9\ubcf4\ub97c \uacf5\uc720\ud558\ub294 \u2015 \ub610\ud55c \uc5b5\uc555\uc5d0 \ud611\ub825\ud558\ub294 \u2015 \ub4f1 \ud53c\uc810\ub839 \uc601\ud1a0 \ub0b4 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8 \uc815\ucc29\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uc548\uc804\uc744 \ubcf4\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70 \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \uadf8\ub7ec\ud558\ub2e4.<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-38'><a href='#fn-2509-38' rel='footnote'>[38]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc624\uc2ac\ub85c\uac00 \uc815\uce58, \uc5ec\ub860, \ud559\uacc4, \uc804 \uc138\uacc4 \uc5f0\ub300 \uc9c4\uc601\uc758 \uc0c1\ub2f9 \ubd80\ubd84\uc5d0 \ub9cc\ub4e0 \uc778\uc2dd\ub860\uc801 \ub36b \uc5ed\uc2dc \ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0\ub85c \uce58\uba85\uc801\uc774\ub2e4. \uc624\uc2ac\ub85c \uacfc\uc815\uc774 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uad6d\uac00\uc758 \ud0c4\uc0dd\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub9ac\ub77c\ub294 \uc798\ubabb\ub41c \ubbff\uc74c\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uba74\uc5d0\uc11c \ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc624\ub298\ub0a0\uae4c\uc9c0\ub3c4 \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \ud638\ub3c4\uc801\uc778 \ud2c0\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5c8\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uadf8\ub807\ub2e4. \u2018\uc591\uce21\u2019\uc774 \u2018\uac08\ub4f1confilct\u2019\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud3c9\ud654\uc801 \ud574\ubc95\uc744 \ud611\uc0c1\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\ub294, \ub458 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uad8c\ub825, \ucc45\uc784 \ube44\ub300\uce6d\uc131\uc744 \uc228\uae30\ub294 \ud2c0 \ub9d0\uc774\ub2e4. \uc5b5\uc555\uc790\uc640 \ud53c\uc5b5\uc555\uc790 \u2015 \uc774 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub294 \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc790\/\uc810\ub839\uc790\uc640 \ud53c\uc2dd\ubbfc\uc790\/\ud53c\uc810\ub839\uc790 \u2015 \ub97c \uac19\uc740 \uc120 \uc0c1\uc5d0 \ub193\ub294 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc65c\uace1\uc744 \ub0a8\uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74 \ub0a8\ubd80\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \u201c\ub450 \uc545\ub9c8 \uc774\ub860<sup>theory of the two demons<\/sup>\u201d<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-39'><a href='#fn-2509-39' rel='footnote'>[39]<\/a><\/sup> \ud639\uc740 \ub450 \ub9de\ud3ed\ub825<sup>two opposing violences<\/sup> \uc774\ub860\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774\ub7f0 \ud5c8\uc704\uc801 \ud2c0\uc774 \uc138\uc6cc\uc9c0\uba74\uc11c, \ubbfc\uc871 \ud574\ubc29 \ud22c\uc7c1, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ubc18\uc2dd\ubbfc \ud22c\uc7c1\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uac1c\ub150\ub4e4\uc740 \uc78a\ud600\uc9c0\uac70\ub098 \uc8fc\ubcc0\ubd80\ub85c \ubc00\ub824\ub0ac\ub2e4. \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0, \ubb34\uae30\ub97c \ub0b4\ub824\ub193\uae30\ub85c \ud55c \uc544\ub77c\ud30c\ud2b8\uc640 [\ud30c\ud0c0]\ub2f9\uc758 \uacb0\uc815\uc740 \ubb34\uc7a5\ud22c\uc7c1\uc758 \uc815\ub2f9\uc131\uc744 \uc5c6\uc560\ub294 \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \ub0b3\uc558\ub2e4. 1994\ub144 4\uc6d4\uc5d0 [\uc2dc\uc628\uc8fc\uc758 \uadf9\ub2e8\uc8fc\uc758\uc790 \ubc14\ub8e8\ud06c \uace8\ub4dc\uc288\ud0c0\uc778\uc774] \ud5e4\ube0c\ub860\uc758 \uc774\ube0c\ub77c\ud788\ubbf8<sup>Ibrahimi<\/sup> \ubaa8\uc2a4\ud06c\uc5d0\uc11c \ub77c\ub9c8\ub2e8 \uae30\ub3c4\ub97c \ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub358 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc778 29\uba85\uc744 \ub300\ub7c9\uc0b4\ud574\ud55c \ub370 \uc751\uc218\ud574 \ud558\ub9c8\uc2a4\uc640 \uc774\uc2ac\ub78c \uc9c0\ud558\ub4dc\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8 \uc601\ud1a0 \ub0b4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc77c\ub828\uc758 \uc790\uc0b4 \uacf5\uaca9\uc744 \uac10\ud589\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc815\ub2f9\uc131\uc740 \ub354\uc6b1 \ud754\ub4e4\ub9ac\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc218 \ub144\uc744 \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uc774 \uacf5\uaca9\uc740 \uc11c\uad6c\uc5d0\uc11c \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ub300\uc758\uc758 \uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0\uc5d0 \uc190\uc0c1\uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4. 2001\ub144 \uc30d\ub465\uc774 \ube4c\ub529 \uacf5\uaca9\uacfc \ud569\uc911\uad6d \ubc0f \uadf8 \ub3d9\ub9f9\uad6d\ub4e4\uc774 \ubc8c\uc778 \ud14c\ub7ec\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc804\uc7c1, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 2\ucc28 \uc778\ud2f0\ud30c\ub2e4\uac00 \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c0\uba74\uc11c, \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc758 \uc800\ud56d\uc744 \u2018\ud14c\ub7ec\ub9ac\uc998\u2019\uc73c\ub85c \uc545\ub9c8\ud654\ud558\uae30\ub294 \uc544\uc8fc \uc26c\uc6e0\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774 \uac19\uc740 \uc545\ub9c8\ud654\ub294 \uc5ec\ub860, \uc8fc\ub958 \uc5b8\ub860, \uc815\uce58 \uccb4\uc81c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub9cc\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc544\uc774\uc57c \uc584\ub77c \uc88c\ud30c\ub97c \ube44\ub86f\ud574 \uc88c\ud30c \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \ubc8c\uc5b4\uc84c\ub2e4. \uae30\ub3c5\uad50\uac00 \ub2e4\uc218\uc774\uace0<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-40'><a href='#fn-2509-40' rel='footnote'>[40]<\/a><\/sup> \uc88c\ud30c \uc815\ub2f9\ub4e4\uc740 \uc138\uc18d\uc801\uc774\uba70 \uadf8 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc885\uad50\uc801 \ud45c\ud604\ub3c4 \uc2e0\ub8b0\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \ub300\ub959\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\uc2ac\ub78c\uc8fc\uc758\uac00 \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc5ec\uc9c0\uae30\ub294 \uc27d\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub2e4. \uacb0\uad6d, PLO\ub97c \ub300\ubcc0\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 PA\uc640 \ub9d0 \uc798 \ub4e3\ub294 \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\uc758 \uc874\uc7ac\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c\ub3c4 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc774 \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uae38\uc778\uc9c0, \ub204\uac00 \ucc29\ud55c \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc778\uc73c\ub85c \ub610 \ub204\uac00 \ub098\uc05c \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc778\uc73c\ub85c \uc5ec\uaca8\uc9c0\ub294\uc9c0\uac00 \uace0\ucc29\ub418\uace0 \ub9d0\uc558\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uacb0\uacfc\ub85c, \uc624\ub298\ub0a0\uc5d0\ub294 \u2018\ud558\ub9c8\uc2a4\uc758 \ud14c\ub7ec\ub9ac\uc998\u2019\uc744 \uba3c\uc800 \ube44\ub09c\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0\ub294 \uc778\uc885\ud559\uc0b4\uc5d0 \ubc18\ub300\ud558\ub294 \ub9d0\uc744 \ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc5b4 \ubcf4\uc778\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4\uac00\ub294 \uc2e0\ub9dd\uc744 \uc783\uac70\ub098 \u2018\ud14c\ub7ec\ub9ac\uc998 \uc9c0\uc9c0\u2019\ub85c <a href=\"https:\/\/latinta.com.ar\/2025\/04\/29\/vanina-biasi-israel-antisemitismo\/\">\ucc98\ubc8c \ubc1b\uc744<\/a> \uc704\ud5d8\uc5d0 \ucc98\ud55c\ub2e4. \ubb3c\ub860 \uadf8\ub7f0 \ube44\ub09c\uc744 \ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc758 \uad6d\uac00 \ud14c\ub7ec\ub9ac\uc998\uc744 \ube44\ud310\ud574 \ubcf8 \uc801\uc774\ub77c\uace0\ub294 \uc5c6\ub294, \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc758 \uc800\ud56d\uc774\ub098 <a href=\"https:\/\/brecha.com.uy\/tenemos-que-hablar-de-hamas\/\">\ud558\ub9c8\uc2a4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c<\/a>\ub294 \uc544\ubb34\uac83\ub3c4 \ubaa8\ub974\uba74\uc11c \uc575\ubb34\uc0c8\ucc98\ub7fc \ud074\ub9ac\uc170\ub97c \uc74a\ub294 \uc774\ub4e4\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc624\uc2ac\ub85c\uc758 \ud6c4\uacfc\ub294 \ub610 \uc788\ub2e4. (\ub77c\ub9d0\ub77c\uc5d0 \ub300\uc0ac\uad00\uc744 \uc124\uce58\ud55c) \uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc54c\ub77c \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc124\uce58\ub41c \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ub300\uc0ac\uad00\ub4e4\uc774 \uce5c\ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc5f0\ub300 \ub2e8\uccb4\ub4e4, \uc815\ubd80\ub4e4, \uc0ac\ud68c \uc804\ubc18\uc758 \uc8fc\ub41c \u2015 \ub54c\ub85c\ub294 \uc720\uc77c\ud55c \u2015 \ud310\ub2e8 \uae30\uc900\uc774 \ub41c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc815\uce58 \ud589\uc704\uc790\uc758 \ub4f1\uc7a5\uc740 \uacbd\uc81c\uc801, \uc9c0\ub9ac\uc801 \uc81c\uc57d\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \ubd81\ubc18\uad6c\uc5d0 \ube44\ud574 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ud65c\ub3d9\uac00\ub4e4\uacfc \uc9c1\uc811 \ub9cc\ub098\uac70\ub098 \uad50\ub958\ud560 \uae30\ud68c\uac00 \ud6e8\uc52c \uc801\uc740 \ub77c\ud2f4\uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74\uc5d0\uc11c \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ud574\ubc29 \ud22c\uc7c1\uacfc \uc5f0\ub300\ud574 \uc628 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \uc5ec\uc815\uc744 \uc65c\uace1\uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc5d0 \uc5b8\uc5b4 \uc7a5\ubcbd\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub354\ud574\uc838, PA \uacf5\uc2dd \ub2f4\ud654 \ub108\uba38 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc778\ub4e4\uc758 \u2015 \ud2b9\ud788 \uc80a\uc740 \uc138\ub300\uc758 \u2015 \ubaa9\uc18c\ub9ac\uc640 \uad00\uc810\uc744 \ub4e4\uc744 \uae30\ud68c\ub294 \ub354\ub354\uc6b1 \uc904\uc5b4\ub4e0\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc624\uc2ac\ub85c \ud611\uc815 \u2015 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ub300\uc758\ub97c 30\ub144\uc740 \ud6c4\ud1f4\uc2dc\ud0a8 \u2015 \uc11c\uba85\uc740 \uc18c\ube44\uc5d0\ud2b8 \ube14\ub85d \ud574\uccb4, \ub0c9 \uc885\uc2dd, \uc0ac\ud68c\uc8fc\uc758\u00b7\ud601\uba85 \uc720\ud1a0\ud53c\uc544\uc758 \uc704\uae30\ub77c\ub294 \ub9e5\ub77d \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc84c\ub2e4. \uac19\uc740 \uc2dc\uae30\uc5d0 \uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc584\ub77c\ub294 1990\ub144 \uc120\uac70\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2c8\uce74\ub77c\uacfc \ud601\uba85\uc774 \ud328\ubc30\ud558\uace0 \uc0b0\ub514\ub178\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \uc704\uae30\uac00 \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c0\uba74\uc11c \ucd09\ubc1c\ub41c \uc2e0\uc790\uc720\uc8fc\uc758 \uc2dc\ub300 \u2018\uc783\uc5b4\ubc84\ub9b0 10\ub144\u2019(1990\ub144\ub300)\uc744 \uc9c0\ub0ac\ub2e4. \uce58\uc544\ud30c\uc2a4 \uc0ac\ud30c\ud2f0\uc2a4\ud0c0 \ubd09\uae30(1994)<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-41'><a href='#fn-2509-41' rel='footnote'>[41]<\/a><\/sup> \uc678\uc5d0\ub294, \uc0ac\uc720\ud654, \ucd94\ucd9c \uae30\uc870\uc758 \ubc18\ub3d9\uc138\ub825\uacfc \uc2e0\uc790\uc720\uc8fc\uc758 \uc790\ubcf8\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \uc2b9\uc2b9\uc7a5\uad6c\ub97c \ub9c9\uc744 \uc218\uac00 \uc5c6\uc5b4 \ubcf4\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774 \ud569\uc911\uad6d \ud328\uad8c\uacfc \u2018<a href=\"https:\/\/www.libropolischile.cl\/categoria-libros\/detalle\/425\/el-fin-de-la-historia-y-el-ultimo-hombre?srsltid=AfmBOoruwab1OSMYf8LAECuJINYA8woSiyG4dfOAc06iBmGp0a6_s_2f\">\uc5ed\uc0ac\uc758 \uc885\uc5b8<\/a>\u2019\uc758 \uc2dc\ub300\uc5d0, \ud68d\uc77c\uc801\uc778 \uc0ac\uace0\ub294 \u201c\uc2e0\uc790\uc720\uc8fc\uc758\uc801\uc774\uace0 \ud3ec\uc2a4\ud2b8\ubaa8\ub358\uc801\uc778 [\u2026] \uc804 \uc9c0\uad6c\uc801 \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc8fc\uc758 [\u2026] \uc7ac\uc2dd\ubbfc\ud654\u201d\ub97c \ubd80\uacfc\ud588\ub2e4.<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-42'><a href='#fn-2509-42' rel='footnote'>[42]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc5d0\uc11c 21\uc138\uae30\uc758 \uc2dc\uc791\uc744 \uc54c\ub9b0 \uac83\uc740 \u201c2\ucc28 \uc778\ud2f0\ud30c\ub2e4\u201d\uc600\ub2e4. \ub300\uc911 \ubd09\uae30\ub85c \uc2dc\uc791\ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\ub098 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uad70\uc758 \uacfc\ub3c4\ud55c \ud3ed\ub825 \ud0d3\uc5d0 \uae08\uc138 \uc720\ud608 \uad70\uc0ac \ucda9\ub3cc\ub85c, \uc800\ud56d \uc138\ub825\uc758 \ucc98\ucc38\ud55c \ud328\ubc30\ub85c \uc774\uc5b4\uc84c\ub2e4. \uc774\uc640 \ub300\uc870\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc584\ub77c\ub294 \ud76c\ub9dd\uc758 \ubd80\ud65c\uc744 \ubcf4\uc558\ub2e4. \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ud76c\ub9dd\uc758 \uc870\uc9d0 \ud558\ub098\ub294 \uc138\uacc4\uc0ac\ud68c\ud3ec\ub7fc<sup>World Social Forum<\/sup>(WSF)\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub2e4\ubcf4\uc2a4\uacbd\uc81c\ud3ec\ub7fc\uc758 \ub300\ucc99\uc810\uc73c\ub85c 2001\ub144 1\uc6d4 \ube0c\ub77c\uc9c8 \ud3ec\ub974\ud22c\uc54c\ub808\uadf8\ub9ac\uc5d0\uc11c \ucc98\uc74c \uc5f4\ub9b0 \uc774 \ud3ec\ub7fc\uc740 \uc774\ud6c4 \uc5ec\ub7ec \ub300\ub959\uc5d0\uc11c \ud574\ub9c8\ub2e4 \uc5f4\ub838\uc73c\uba70 \u2015 \uc0ac\ud30c\ud2f0\uc2a4\ud0c0 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc758 \u2018\uc5ec\ub7ec \uc138\uacc4\uac00 \uc5b4\uc6b0\ub7ec\uc9c0\ub294 \uc138\uacc4<sup>A world in which many worlds fit<\/sup>\u2019\uc5d0\uc11c \uc601\uac10 \ubc1b\uc558\uc744 \u2015 \u2018\ub2e4\ub978 \uc138\uacc4\ub294 \uac00\ub2a5\ud558\ub2e4<sup>Another world is possible<\/sup>\u2019\ub77c\ub294 \uae30\uce58\ub97c \ub0b4\uac78\uc5c8\ub2e4.<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-43'><a href='#fn-2509-43' rel='footnote'>[43]<\/a><\/sup> \ud3ec\ub974\ud22c\uc54c\ub808\uadf8\ub9ac WSF\ub294 \uc2e0\uc790\uc720\uc8fc\uc758\uc801 \ud68d\uc77c\uc801 \uc0ac\uace0\uc640\uc758 \uc808\uc5f0\uc744 \uc0c1\uc9d5\ud588\uc73c\uba70 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ubcc0\ud601\uc801 \uc720\ud1a0\ud53c\uc544 \uac74\uc124\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \ub300\uc911 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \uc694\uccad\ud588\ub2e4.<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-44'><a href='#fn-2509-44' rel='footnote'>[44]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>WSF\uc5d0\uc11c \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ub300\uc758\ub294 \uc2dc\uc791\ubd80\ud130 \uc5b8\uae09\ub418\uc5c8\uc9c0\ub9cc \uae34\uc7a5\uc774 \uc5c6\uc9c0\ub294 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4. \ud3ec\ub7fc\uc758 <a href=\"https:\/\/cdn77.pressenza.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/FSM-Charter-en.pdf\">\uc6d0\uce59 \ud5cc\uc7a5<\/a>\uc740 \ud3ec\ub7fc\uc744 \ubb34\uc7a5 \ud22c\uc7c1\uc744 \ubd80\uc815\ud558\ub294 \ube44\ud3ed\ub825\uc801 \uacf5\uac04\uc73c\ub85c \uaddc\uc815\ud588\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 2\ucc28 \uc778\ud2f0\ud30c\ub2e4\uc758 \ud55c\uac00\uc6b4\ub370\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub294\ub370\ub3c4 \ub9d0\uc774\ub2e4. \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc758 WSF \ucc38\uc5ec\ub294 \ub2e4\uc591\ud588\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ubd84\uba85 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc0ac\ud68c \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc774 \uc9c0\ub09c \uc218\uc2ed \ub144 \uac04\uc758 \uac8c\ub9b4\ub77c \uacbd\ud5d8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ube44\ud310\uc801\uc778 \uad00\uc810\uc744 \uac16\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub358 (\uac16\uace0 \uc788\ub294) \uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc584\ub77c\uc5d0\uc11c \ubb34\uc7a5 \ud22c\uc7c1\uc758 \uc815\ub2f9\uc131\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub17c\uc7c1\uc740 \uc26c\uc6b4 \uc77c\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\uc5c8\ub2e4 (\uc8fc 24 \ucc38\uace0). \uc790\uc0b4 \uacf5\uaca9\uacfc \uc30d\ub465\uc774 \ube4c\ub529 \uacf5\uaca9 \uc774\ud6c4\ub85c \uac15\ud654\ub41c \ud14c\ub7ec\ub9ac\uc998 \ub099\uc778\uc774 \uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc584\ub77c\ub97c \ube44\ub86f\ud55c \uc804 \uc138\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc758 \uc800\ud56d\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubd80\uc815\uc801\uc778 \uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0\ub97c \uc790\uc544\ub0b4\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\uae30\uc5d0 \ub354\ub354\uc6b1 \uadf8\ub7ac\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2000\ub144\ub300 \uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc584\ub77c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc88c\ud30c, \uc9c4\ubcf4, \uc911\ub3c4\ub85c \uac04\uc8fc\ub418\ub294 \uc815\ubd80\ub4e4 \u2015 \ubca0\ub124\uc218\uc5d8\ub77c\uc758 \uc6b0\uace0 \ucc28\ubca0\uc2a4<sup>Hugo Ch\u00e1vez<\/sup>(2000), \ube0c\ub77c\uc9c8\uc758 \ub8e8\uc774\uc2a4 \uc774\ub098\uc2dc\uc6b0 \ub8f0\ub77c \ub2e4 \uc2dc\uc6b0\ubc14<sup>Luiz In\u00e1cio Lula da Silva<\/sup>(2003), \uc544\ub974\ud5e8\ud2f0\ub098\uc758 \ub124\uc2a4\ud1a0\ub974 \ud0a4\ub974\uce58\ub124\ub974<sup>N\u00e9stor Kirchner<\/sup>(2003), \uc6b0\ub8e8\uacfc\uc774\uc758 \ud0c0\ubc14\ub808 \ubc14\uc2a4\ucf00\uc2a4<sup>Tabar\u00e9 V\u00e1zquez<\/sup>(2005), \ubcfc\ub9ac\ube44\uc544\uc758 \uc5d0\ubcf4 \ubaa8\ub784\ub808\uc2a4<sup>Evo Morales<\/sup>(2006), \ucf54\uc2a4\ud0c0\ub9ac\uce74\uc758 \uc624\uc2a4\uce74\ub974 \uc544\ub9ac\uc544\uc2a4<sup>Oscar Arias<\/sup>(2006), \uc544\ub974\ud5e8\ud2f0\ub098\uc758 \ud06c\ub9ac\uc2a4\ud2f0\ub098 \ud398\ub974\ub09c\ub370\uc2a4<sup>Cristina Fern\u00e1ndez<\/sup>(2007), \ub2c8\uce74\ub77c\uacfc\uc758 \ub2e4\ub2c8\uc5d8 \uc624\ub974\ud14c\uac00<sup>Daniel Ortega<\/sup>(2007), \ud30c\ub77c\uacfc\uc774\uc758 \ud398\ub974\ub09c\ub3c4 \ub8e8\uace0<sup>Fernando Lugo<\/sup>(2008), \uc5d8\uc0b4\ubc14\ub3c4\ub974\uc758 \ub9c8\uc6b0\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc624 \ud478\ub124\uc2a4<sup>Mauricio Funes<\/sup>(2009), \uc6b0\ub8e8\uacfc\uc774\uc758 \ud638\uc138 \ubb34\ud788\uce74<sup>Jos\u00e9 Mujica<\/sup>(2010), \ube0c\ub77c\uc9c8\uc758 \uc9c0\uc6b0\ub9c8 \ud638\uc138\ud504<sup>Dilma Roussef<\/sup>(2011) \u2015 \uc774 \ubd80\uc0c1\ud588\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc2dc\uae30\uc5d0, \ud2b9\ud788 \ub8f0\ub77c \ub2e4 \uc2dc\uc6b0\ubc14\uc758 \uc8fc\ub3c4\ub85c, \ub0a8\uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74 \uc815\ubd80\ub4e4\uc740 \ud569\uc911\uad6d\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\ub825\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc801\uc778 \uc5ed\ub0b4\uc758 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uc785\uc7a5\uc744 \uc218\ub9bd\ud558\ub824 \ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774\ub7f0 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ubc29\uce68\uc5d0 \ub9de\ucd94\uc5b4, \uc9c4\ubcf4 \uc815\ubd80\ub4e4\uc740 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc218\uc900\uc73c\ub85c \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ubbfc\uc871\uc5d0\uc758 \uc9c0\uc9c0\ub97c \ud45c\uba85\ud588\ub2e4. 2010\ub144\ub300\uc5d0\ub294 \ub77c\ud2f4\uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74\uc5d0\uc11c \ud1b5\uc0b0 16\uac1c\uad6d\uc774 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uad6d\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud588\uc73c\uba70<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-45'><a href='#fn-2509-45' rel='footnote'>[45]<\/a><\/sup> \uc77c\ubd80\ub294 \ub77c\ub9d0\ub77c\uc5d0 \ub300\uc0ac\uad00\uc774\ub098 \uc7ac\uc678\uacf5\uad00\uc744 \uc124\uce58\ud588\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \u2018\uade0\ud615 \uc7a1\ud78c\u2019 \uc785\uc7a5\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\uace0\uc790 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uacfc\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\ub3c4 \ud655\ub300\ud588\ub2e4. \uc608\ucee8\ub300 2007\ub144\uc5d0 \uba54\ub974\ucf54\uc218\ub974<sup>Mercosur<\/sup> \ube14\ub85d \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4(\uc544\ub974\ud5e8\ud2f0\ub098, \ube0c\ub77c\uc9c8, \ud30c\ub77c\uacfc\uc774, \uc6b0\ub8e8\uacfc\uc774) \u2015 \ub2f9\uc2dc \uc774 \uc911 3\uac1c\uad6d\uc774 \uc9c4\ubcf4 \uc815\uad8c\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4 \u2015 \uc740 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uacfc \uc790\uc720\ubb34\uc5ed\ud611\uc815\uc744 \ub9fa\uc5c8\ub2e4. 18\ub144\uc774 \uc9c0\ub09c \ud604\uc7ac, \uc2ec\uc9c0\uc5b4 \uac00\uc790\uc5d0\uc11c \uc778\uc885\ud559\uc0b4\uc774 \ubc8c\uc5b4\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\ub294\ub370\ub3c4, \ud574\ub2f9 \ud611\uc815\uc758 \ud6a8\ub825 \uc815\uc9c0\ub97c \uc694\uad6c\ud558\ub294 \uba54\ub974\ucf54\uc218\ub974 \uad6d\uac00\ub098 \uc0ac\ud68c \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc740 \uc5c6\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ub2e8\uc801\uc778 \uc608\ub294 \ube0c\ub77c\uc9c8\uc774\ub2e4. \ub178\ub3d9\ub2f9 \uc815\ubd80\ub294 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uacfc \uc678\uad50 \uad00\uacc4 \ubc0f \uacbd\uc81c \ud611\ub825\uc744 (2006\ub144\ubd80\ud130 2012\ub144\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc57d 3\ucc9c\ub9cc \ub2ec\ub7ec \uaddc\ubaa8\ub85c) \uac15\ud654\ud588\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8 \ubb34\uae30 \uc218\uc785 \ub610\ud55c \ub298\ub838\ub2e4. 2000\ub144\uc744 \uc2dc\uc791\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8 \uad70\uc0ac \uae30\uc5c5\ub4e4\uc740 \uc5d8\ube44\ud2b8 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc988\uc758 \uc8fc\ub3c4 \ud558\uc5d0 \ube0c\ub77c\uc9c8 \uad70\uacbd\uc758 \uc8fc\uc694 \uacf5\uae09\ucc98\uac00 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc5d0\uc11c \uad6c\ub9e4\ud55c \ub4dc\ub860\uc740 2010\ub144\ubd80\ud130 \ube0c\ub77c\uc9c8 \ud30c\ubca8\ub77c\ub4e4\uc758 \uad70\uc0ac\ud654\uc5d0 \uc4f0\uc600\uc73c\uba70 2016\ub144 \ucd95\uad6c \uc6d4\ub4dc\ucef5 \uae30\uac04\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc4f0\uc600\ub2e4. \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0, \uc9c0\uc6b0\ub9c8 \ud638\uc138\ud504 \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\uc740 2015\ub144\uc5d0 (\uc11c\uc548 \uc815\ucc29\uc790 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc758 \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790\uc778) \ub2e4\ub2c8 \ub2e4\uc580\uc744 \ube0c\ub77c\uc9c8 \ub300\uc0ac\ub85c \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc774\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc758 \uc774\uc804 \uac00\uc790 \uacf5\uaca9 \ub54c\ub3c4 \uc774\ub7f0 \ubaa8\uc21c\ub4e4\uc774 \ubcf4\uc778\ub2e4. 2009\ub144 \uc8fc\ubb3c\ub0a9\uc791\uc804<sup>Operation Cast Lead<\/sup> \ub2f9\uc2dc \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uacfc \ub2e8\uad50\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \ubcfc\ub9ac\ube44\uc544 \uc5d0\ubcf4 \ubaa8\ub784\ub808\uc2a4 \uc815\ubd80\uc640 \ubca0\ub124\uc218\uc5d8\ub77c \uc6b0\uace0 \ucc28\ubca0\uc2a4 \uc815\ubd80 \ubfd0\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ubcf4\ud638\uacbd\uacc4\uc791\uc804<sup>Operation Protective Edge<\/sup>\uc73c\ub85c \ubd88\ub9ac\ub294 \uc794\ud639\ud558\uae30 \uadf8\uc9c0 \uc5c6\ub294 \uacf5\uaca9\uc774 \ubc8c\uc5b4\uc84c\ub358 2014\ub144, \uc77c\ubd80 \ub77c\ud2f4\uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74 \uc815\ubd80\uac00 \uc720\ub7fd \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc57d\uac04\uc740 \uc18c\ub9ac \ub192\uc5ec \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc744 \uaddc\ud0c4\ud558\uace0 5\uac1c\uad6d(\ube0c\ub77c\uc9c8, \uce60\ub808, \ud398\ub8e8, \uc5d0\ucf70\ub3c4\ub974, \uc5d8\uc0b4\ubc14\ub3c4\ub974)\uc5d0\uc11c \ud154\uc544\ube44\ube0c \uc8fc\uc7ac \ub300\uc0ac\ub97c \uc7a0\uc2dc \uadc0\uad6d\uc2dc\ud0a4\uae30\ub294 \ud588\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ub2e8\uad50\ub97c \ud55c \ub098\ub77c\ub294 \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2010\ub144\ub300, 2020\ub144\ub300\uc5d0\ub294 \uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc584\ub77c \uba87\uba87 \ub098\ub77c\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcf4\uc218\ud30c\uac00 \ub2e4\uc2dc \uc218\uad8c\ud574, \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ub300\uc758\uc5d0\uc758 \ud5cc\uc2e0\uc744 \uc911\ub2e8\ud558\uac70\ub098 \ud6c4\ud1f4\uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4. \ube0c\ub77c\uc9c8\uc758 \uc790\uc774\ub974 \ubcf4\uc6b0\uc18c\ub098\ub8e8 \uc815\uad8c\uae30\uac00 \uc774 \uac19\uc740 \uc5ed\ud589\uc744 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc798 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc8fc\ub294 \uc608\ub2e4. \uc758\ud68c \u2018\uc131\uacbd\uc11d<sup>Bible bench<\/sup>\u2019\uc5d0 \ubaa8\uc778 \uc2dc\uc628\uc8fc\uc758 \ubcf5\uc74c\uc8fc\uc758 \ud30c\ubc8c\ub4e4\uc758 \uc9c0\uc6d0\uc73c\ub85c \uc815\uad8c\uc744 \uc7a1\uc740 \ubcf4\uc6b0\uc18c\ub098\ub8e8\ub294 \uc815\uad8c \uae30\uc870\ub97c \ud569\uc911\uad6d\uc5d0 \ub9de\ucd94\uace0 \ud2b8\ub7fc\ud504\uac00 \uc608\uc218\uc0b4\ub818\uc744 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8 \uc218\ub3c4\ub85c \uc778\uc815\ud558\uc790 [\uc8fc\uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8 \ub300\uc0ac\uad00\uc744 \ud154\uc544\ube44\ube0c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub818\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uc804\ud558\uaca0\ub2e4\uace0 \ubc1c\ud45c\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368] \uc774\ub97c \ucd94\uc778\ud588\ub2e4 (\ube0c\ub77c\uc9c8\uc758 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \uc0c1\uc5c5 \ud30c\ud2b8\ub108\uc778 \uc544\ub78d \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc758 \uc555\ubc15\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \ub300\uc0ac\uad00 \uc774\uc804\uc740 \uc2e4\ud589\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4). \uc815\ubd80 \ucd9c\ubc94 \uccab \ub2ec\uc5d0 \ubcf4\uc6b0\uc18c\ub098\ub8e8\ub294 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uacfc \uacf5\uc548, \ubc29\uc704, \uacfc\ud559, \uae30\uc220 \ub4f1\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud611\uc57d \uc5ec\uc12f \uac1c\uc5d0 \uc11c\uba85\ud588\ub2e4. \ub124\ud0c0\ub0d0\ud6c4\ub294 2017\ub144\uc5d0 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8 \uc815\ubd80 \uc218\ubc18 \ucd5c\ucd08\ub85c \uc774 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc744, \ub9c8\uc6b0\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc624 \ub9c8\ud06c\ub9ac<sup>Mauricio Macri<\/sup> \uc815\uad8c \uc544\ub974\ud5e8\ud2f0\ub098, \ud6c4\uc548 \ub9c8\ub204\uc5d8 \uc0b0\ud1a0\uc2a4<sup>Juan Manuel Santos<\/sup> \uc815\uad8c \ucf5c\ub86c\ube44\uc544, \uc5d4\ub9ac\ucf00 \ud398\ub0d0 \ub2c8\uc5d0\ud1a0<sup>Enrique Pe\u00f1a Nieto<\/sup> \uc815\uad8c \uba55\uc2dc\ucf54\ub97c \ubc29\ubb38\ud588\ub2e4. 2019\ub144\uc5d0\ub294 \ucc98\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c \ube0c\ub77c\uc9c8\uc744 \ubc29\ubb38\ud588\ub2e4.<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-46'><a href='#fn-2509-46' rel='footnote'>[46]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc5ed\uc124\uc801\uc774\uac8c\ub3c4, 2020\ub144\ub300\uc5d0\ub294 \uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc584\ub77c\uc5d0\uc11c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/movimiento_bds\/\">BDS\uc6b4\ub3d9<\/a>\uc774 \uc804\uac1c\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc131\uacf5\uc801\uc778 \uc2a4\ud3ec\uce20, \ubb38\ud654 \ubcf4\uc774\ucf67 \ucea0\ud398\uc778\uc774 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.diariosiriolibanes.com.ar\/Actualidad\/Argentina\/Argentina-no-vayas-Carta-a-AFA\">\uc544\ub974\ud5e8\ud2f0\ub098<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.montevideo.com.uy\/Tiempo-libre\/El-brasileno-Gilberto-Gil-cancela-concierto-en-Israel-por-motivos-politicos-uc683836\">\ube0c\ub77c\uc9c8<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/uruguaynovayas\/\">\uc6b0\ub8e8\uacfc\uc774<\/a>\uc5d0\uc11c) <a href=\"https:\/\/desinformemonos.org\/futbol-y-apartheid-entre-la-complicidad-y-la-resistencia\/\">\ucd95\uad6c\uc120\uc218\ub4e4<\/a>\uacfc <a href=\"https:\/\/desinformemonos.org\/natalia-oreiro-no-cantes-apartheid\/\">\uc608\uc220\uac00\ub4e4<\/a>\uc758 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8 \ubc29\ubb38\uc744 \ub9c9\uc558\uace0, \ud559\uc220 \ubcf4\uc774\ucf67(\uc544\ub974\ud5e8\ud2f0\ub098, \ube0c\ub77c\uc9c8, \ucf5c\ub86c\ube44\uc544), \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8 \uc218\uc790\uc6d0 \uae30\uc5c5 \uba54\ucf54\ub85c\ud2b8 \ubc18\ub300 \ucea0\ud398\uc778(<a href=\"https:\/\/enfantterrible.com.ar\/ambientalismo\/mekorot-empresa-israeli-agua-argentina\/\">\uc544\ub974\ud5e8\ud2f0\ub098<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/DQ6tyUukUQr\/?hl=es&amp;img_index=1\">\ube0c\ub77c\uc9c8<\/a>), \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uacfc \uc5f0\uacb0\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub294 \uba55\uc2dc\ucf54 \ub2e4\uad6d\uc801 \uae30\uc5c5 <a href=\"https:\/\/stopcemex.org\/\">\uc138\uba55\uc2a4<\/a> \ubc18\ub300 \ucea0\ud398\uc778(\ucf5c\ub86c\ube44\uc544, \uba55\uc2dc\ucf54), \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8 \uad70\uc0ac \uae30\uc5c5 <a href=\"https:\/\/rescop.org\/bds\/elbit-systems-pierde-un-contrato-clave-en-brasil-debido-protestas-propalestinas\/\">\uc5d8\ube44\ud2b8<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/rescop.org\/bds\/brasil-cancela-contrato-olimpiadas\/\">ISDS<\/a> \ubc18\ub300 \ucea0\ud398\uc778 \ub4f1 \ub2e4\ub978 \ucea0\ud398\uc778\ub4e4\ub3c4 \uc2dc\uc791\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uac19\uc740 \uc2dc\uae30\uc5d0 <a href=\"https:\/\/bdsmovement.net\/es\/news\/espacios-libre-de-apartheid-en-toda-america-latina\">\uc544\ud30c\ub974\ud2b8\ud5e4\uc774\ud2b8\uc5c6\ub294\uacf5\uac04<sup>Apartheid-Free Spaces<\/sup><\/a> \ucea0\ud398\uc778\uacfc \uc5f0\ub840 <a href=\"https:\/\/desinformemonos.org\/semana-apartheid-israeli-al-pueblo-palestino\/\">\uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc544\ud30c\ub974\ud2b8\ud5e4\uc774\ud2b8\uc8fc\uac04<sup>Israeli Apartheid Week<\/sup><\/a>\ub3c4 \uc804\uc5ed\uc73c\ub85c \ud37c\uc84c\ub2e4. BDS\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc740 \ub450 \ubc88\uc758 \ud589\uc0ac(2017\ub144 \uc0b0\ud2f0\uc544\uace0\ub370\uce60\ub808, 2018\ub144 \ub9ac\uc6b0\ub370\uc790\ub124\uc774\ub8e8)\uc640 \uc74c\uc545\uac00 \ub85c\uc800 \uc6cc\ud130\uc2a4\uc758 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uc21c\ud68c \uacf5\uc5f0\uc744 \uc870\uc9c1\ud558\uace0 \uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc584\ub77c\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8 \uad70\uc0ac\uc8fc\uc758\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubcf4\uace0\uc11c\ub97c \ubc1c\uac04\ud588\uc73c\uba70 BDS \ucea0\ud398\uc778\uc744 \ub77c\ud2f4\uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74 \ub300\ub959\uc758 \ubc18\uc778\uc885\uc8fc\uc758, \ub178\ub3d9, \ud658\uacbd, \uc120\uc8fc\ubbfc \uc6b4\ub3d9\uacfc \uacb0\ud569\uc2dc\ud0a4\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \ub178\ub825\uc744 \uc774\uc5b4\uac14\ub2e4.<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-47'><a href='#fn-2509-47' rel='footnote'>[47]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc584\ub77c\uc758 \uce5c\ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc9c4\uc601\uc740 \uc2dc\uc628\uc8fc\uc758 \ub85c\ube44\uc758 \uc804\uc9c4\uc744 \ub9c9\uac70\ub098 \uc774 \uc2dc\uae30\uc5d0 \uc790\ud589\ub41c \uc794\ud559 \ud589\uc704\ub4e4, \uc608\ucee8\ub300 2010\ub144\ubd80\ud130 \ubc18\ubcf5\ub41c \uc790\uc720\uc120\ub2e8<sup>Freedom Flotillas<\/sup> \uacf5\uaca9, 2015\ub144(\u2018\uce7c\uc758 \uc778\ud2f0\ud30c\ub2e4\u2019 \ub2f9\uc2dc)\uc5d0 \uc2ec\uac01\ud558\uac8c \uaca9\ud654\ub41c \uc11c\uc548 \ubc0f \uc54c\ucfe0\ub4dc\uc2a4\/\uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub818 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc778\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud3ed\ub825, \uac00\uc790 \uadc0\ud658\ub300\ud589\uc9c4(2018-2019) \uc2dc\uc704\ub300\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub300\ub7c9 \uc0b4\ud574\uc640 \ubd88\uad6c\ud654, \ubcd1\ud569 \ubc1c\ud45c\uc640 \uc544\ube0c\ub77c\ud568 \ud611\uc815(2020), 2021\ub144\uc5d0 \u2018\ub2e8\uacb0 \uc778\ud2f0\ud30c\ub2e4<sup>Unity Intifada<\/sup>\u2019\uc5d0<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-\uc5ed\uc8fc2'><a href='#fn-2509-\uc5ed\uc8fc2' rel='footnote'>[\uc5ed\uc8fc2]<\/a><\/sup> \ub300\uc751\ud574 \uac00\uc790\uc5d0 \uac00\ud574\uc9c4 \uce58\uba85\uc801\uc778 \uacf5\uaca9 \ub4f1\uc5d0 \uac15\ub825\ud558\uac8c \ub300\uc751\ud558\uc9c0\ub294 \ubabb\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2021\ub144\ubd80\ud130 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.btselem.org\/publications\/fulltext\/202101_this_is_apartheid\">\ube0c\uccbc\ub818<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2021\/04\/27\/abusive-israeli-policies-constitute-crimes-apartheid-persecution\">\uc778\uad8c\uac10\uc2dc<\/a>, \uad6d\uc81c\uc570\ub124\uc2a4\ud2f0\ub97c \ube44\ub86f\ud55c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cjpme.org\/apartheid_list\">\uc5ec\ub7ec \uc870\uc9c1<\/a>\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5f0\uc774\uc5b4 <a href=\"https:\/\/brecha.com.uy\/desde-el-rio-hasta-el-mar\/\">\uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc758 \uc544\ud30c\ub974\ud2b8\ud5e4\uc774\ud2b8<\/a>\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubcf4\uace0\uc11c\ub97c \ub0c8\uc9c0\ub9cc \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ub300\uc758\uc5d0 \uc815\ub2f9\uc131\uc744 \ubd80\uc5ec\ud558\ub294 \ub370\uc5d0 \u2015 \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc758 \uc815\ub2f9\uc131\uc744 \ubb34\ub108\ub728\ub9ac\ub294 \ub370\uc5d0 \u2015 \uc774\ub807\ub2e4 \ud560 \uc9c4\uc804\uc774 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c0\uc9c0\ub3c4 \ubabb\ud588\ub2e4. \uc0ac\uc2e4 \u2015 \uc138\uacc4\uc758 \ub098\uba38\uc9c0\uc640 \ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0\ub85c \u2015 \uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc584\ub77c\uc5d0\uc11c \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ub300\uc758\uc758 \uac00\uc2dc\uc131\uacfc \uadf8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uad00\uc2ec\uc740 2023\ub144 10\uc6d4 7\uc77c \uc804\uc5d0\ub294 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc800\uc870\ud588\ub2e4. \ub2e4\uc2dc \ud55c \ubc88, \uc138\uacc4\ub294 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ubbfc\uc871\uc5d0\uac8c \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \ubb34\uae30\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc57c\ub9cc \ud639\uc740 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8 \uccb4\uc81c\uc5d0 \uc218\ucc9c \uba85\uc529 \uc0b4\ud574\ub2f9\ud574\uc57c\ub9cc \uc9c4\uc9c0\ud558\uac8c \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc5ec\uc9c4\ub2e4\ub294 \uba54\uc2dc\uc9c0\ub97c \uc900 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mondoweiss.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Chapter4-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\ud478\ub77c\ud14c \uc0e4\ud560 \uc5d8 \ub808\uce74\ube44 \uadf8\ub9bc.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uc778\uc885\ud559\uc0b4\uc740 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub97c \uc5bc\ub9c8\ub098 \ubc14\uafb8\uc5c8\ub294\uac00?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc758 \uc0dd\uc911\uacc4 \ub418\ub294 \uc778\uc885\ud559\uc0b4\uc774 2\ub144 \ub118\uac8c \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uc9c0\uae08, \uce60\ub808\uac00 \uad70\uc0ac \ub2f4\ub2f9\uad00\ub4e4\uc744 \uadc0\uad6d\uc2dc\ucf30\uace0 \ucf5c\ub86c\ube44\uc544\ub3c4 \uc11d\ud0c4 \uc218\ucd9c\uc744 \uc911\ub2e8\ud558\uae34 \ud588\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uacfc \ub2e8\uad50\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \ubcfc\ub9ac\ube44\uc544, \ucf5c\ub86c\ube44\uc544, \ub2c8\uce74\ub77c\uacfc, \ubca8\ub9ac\uc988 \ubfd0\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uc678\uc5d0\ub294 \uc11c\uad6c \uc815\ubd80\ub4e4\uacfc \ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0\ub85c \uc120\uc5b8 \uc774\uc0c1\uc744 \ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud55c \ucc44 \u2018\ub450 \uad6d\uac00\u2019 \uc8fc\ubb38\ub9cc \uc678\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8\uac8c \ub9c8\uce58 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uac83\uc744 \ud574\uacb0\ud574 \uc904 \ubb18\uc57d\uc774\ub77c\ub3c4 \ub41c\ub2e4\ub294 \ub4ef\uc774. \uad6d\uc81c\uc5f0\ud569 \ud68c\uc6d0\uad6d 145\uac1c\uad6d\uc774 \uc774\ubbf8 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uad6d\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud588\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc544\ubb34\uac83\ub3c4 \ub2ec\ub77c\uc9c0\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc74c\uc744, \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc774 \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc810\ub839\uc744 \ub05d\ub0bc \uc218\ubc16\uc5d0 \uc5c6\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4e4, \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc758 \uc790\uacb0\uad8c\uc744 \uc2e4\ud604\ud560 \uae38\uc740 \uad6d\uc81c\uc801 \uace0\ub9bd\uacfc \uc81c\uc7ac \ubfd0\uc784\uc744 \ubaa8\ub974\ub294 \ub4ef\ud558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uadf8\ub7f0 \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0, 2023\ub144 10\uc6d4 7\uc77c \uc774\ud6c4\ub85c \uc77c\ubd80 \ub77c\ud2f4\uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74 \uc815\ubd80\uac00 \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \ubd80\uc871\ud558\uae30\ub294 \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc633\uc740 \ubc29\ud5a5\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\uc544\uac00\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\uc74c\uc740 \ubd84\uba85\ud558\ub2e4. \ub2c8\uce74\ub77c\uacfc, \ucfe0\ubc14, \ucf5c\ub86c\ube44\uc544, \uba55\uc2dc\ucf54, \uce60\ub808, \ube0c\ub77c\uc9c8\uc740 \ub0a8\uc544\uacf5\uc5d0\uc11c \uad6d\uc81c\uc0ac\ubc95\uc7ac\ud310\uc18c<sup>International Court of Justice<\/sup>(ICJ)\uc5d0 \uc81c\uae30\ud55c <a href=\"https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2024\/01\/1145402\">\uc778\uc885\ud559\uc0b4 \uc7ac\ud310<\/a>\uc5d0 \ud568\uaed8\ud588\ub2e4. \ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c <a href=\"https:\/\/thehaguegroup.org\/home\/\">\ud5e4\uc774\uadf8 \uadf8\ub8f9<\/a> 8\uac1c\uad6d \uc911 \uc808\ubc18\uc774 \uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc584\ub77c \uad6d\uac00(\ucfe0\ubc14, \uc628\ub450\ub77c\uc2a4, \ubcfc\ub9ac\ube44\uc544, \ucf5c\ub86c\ube44\uc544)\ub2e4. \uc9c4\ubcf4 \uc778\ud130\ub0b4\uc154\ub110<sup>Progressive International<\/sup>\uc5d0\uc11c 2025\ub144 1\uc6d4\uc5d0 \ubc1c\uc871\ud55c \ud5e4\uc774\uadf8 \uadf8\ub8f9\uc758 \ubaa9\uc801\uc740 \uad6d\uc81c\ud615\uc0ac\uc7ac\ud310\uc18c<sup>International Criminal Court<\/sup>, ICJ(\ud2b9\ud788 2024\ub144 7\uc6d4 19\uc77c\uc790 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/press-releases\/2024\/07\/experts-hail-icj-declaration-illegality-israels-presence-occupied\">\uad8c\uace0\uc801 \uc758\uacac<\/a>), \uad6d\uc81c\uc5f0\ud569 \uc77c\ubc18\ucd1d\ud68c(2024\ub144 9\uc6d4 18\uc77c\uc790 A\/RES\/ES-10\/24)\uc5d0\uc11c \ub0b8 \ud68c\uc6d0\uad6d\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc758 \ucc45\uc784\uc744 \ubb3b\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc720\ud6a8\ud55c \uc870\uce58\ub97c \ucde8\ud560 \uac83\uc744 \uc8fc\ubb38\ud558\ub294 \uacb0\uc758\uc548\ub4e4\uc744 \uc774\ud589\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ub098\uc544\uac00, \ucf5c\ub86c\ube44\uc544\ub294 (\ub0a8\uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74\uc640 \ud568\uaed8) 2025\ub144 7\uc6d4 <a href=\"https:\/\/thehaguegroup.org\/meetings-bogota-en\/\">\uae34\uae09\uc7a5\uad00\ud68c\uc758<sup>Emergency Ministerial Conference on Palestine<\/sup><\/a>\ub97c \uc8fc\uc7ac\ud588\uace0, \uc774 \ud68c\uc758\ub294 (\uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc584\ub77c 5\uac1c\uad6d\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud55c)<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-48'><a href='#fn-2509-48' rel='footnote'>[48]<\/a><\/sup> 13\uac1c\uad6d\uc774 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\ub85c\uc758 \ubb34\uae30 \uc6b4\uc1a1\uc744 \ub9c9\uace0 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uacfc\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uacf5\uacf5 \uacc4\uc57d\uc744 \uc2dc\uae09\ud788 \uc7ac\uac80\ud1a0\ud558\uba70 \ubcf4\ud3b8\uad00\ud560\uad8c\uacfc \uad6d\uc81c\ubc95\uc744 \uc9c0\uc9c0\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc5d0 \ubc94\uc8c4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ucc45\uc784\uc744 \ubb3b\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \uc5ec\uc12f \uac00\uce58 \uc870\uce58\ub97c \uc57d\uc18d\ud55c <a href=\"https:\/\/thehaguegroup.org\/home\/\">\ubcf4\uace0\ud0c0 \uacf5\ub3d9 \uc131\uba85<\/a>\uc73c\ub85c \ub9c8\ubb34\ub9ac\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc815\ubd80 \ucc28\uc6d0\uc758 \uc774\ub7f0 \ubcc0\ud654\ub4e4\uacfc \ud568\uaed8, 10\uc6d4 7\uc77c \uc774\ud6c4 \uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc584\ub77c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc138\uacc4 \ub2e4\ub978 \uacf3\ub4e4\uacfc \ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0\ub85c \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ub300\uc758\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub300\uc911\uc801 \uad00\uc2ec\uacfc \uacf5\uac10\uc774 \uad49\uc7a5\ud788 \ucee4\uc84c\ub2e4. \uacf3\uacf3\uc5d0\uc11c \ud589\uc9c4, \uc9d1\ud68c, \ud37c\ud3ec\uba3c\uc2a4, \ub300\ub2f4, \ucea0\ud398\uc778\uc774 \uc5f4\ub838\ub2e4.<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-49'><a href='#fn-2509-49' rel='footnote'>[49]<\/a><\/sup> \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ub098\ub77c\uc5d0\uc11c, \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc9d1\ub2e8, \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c, \uae30\ud68d \u2015 \ud2b9\ud788 \uccad\ub144\ub4e4\uc774 \uc8fc\ub3c4\ud558\ub294 \u2015 \uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uae30\uc874\uc758 \uc5f0\ub300\uac00 \uac15\ud654\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-50'><a href='#fn-2509-50' rel='footnote'>[50]<\/a><\/sup> \uc720\uc758\ubbf8\ud55c \uc77c\ub840\ub85c \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc720\ub300\uc778 \ubc18\uc2dc\uc628\uc8fc\uc758 \ub2e8\uccb4\ub4e4\uc774 \uc0dd\uaca8\ub09c \uac83\uc744 \ub4e4 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-51'><a href='#fn-2509-51' rel='footnote'>[51]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/accionglobalfeminista\/\">\ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc744\uc704\ud55c\uc804\uc9c0\uad6c\ud398\ubbf8\ub2c8\uc2a4\ud2b8\ud589\ub3d9<\/a>\uc740 \u2018\uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc584\ub77c\uc5d0\uc11c \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uae4c\uc9c0: \uc5ec\uc131\uc758 \uc800\ud56d<sup>From Abya Yala to Palestine: Feminine Resistance<\/sup>\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uad6c\ud638\ub97c \uac78\uace0 \u2015 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ub3d9\ub8cc\ub4e4\uc758 \ud638\uc18c\uc5d0 \uc751\ud574 \u2015 \uc778\uc885\ud559\uc0b4\uacfc \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc5ec\uc131\ub4e4\uc758 \uc800\ud56d\uc744 2023\ub144 11\uc6d4 25\uc77c \uc138\uacc4\uc5ec\uc131\ud3ed\ub825\ucd94\ubc29\uc758\ub0a0 \uc9d1\ud68c\uc758 \uc911\uc2ec\uc5d0 \ub450\ub294 \ub370\uc5d0 \ub3d9\uc758\ud55c \ud398\ubbf8\ub2c8\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc870\uc9c1\ub4e4, \ubaa8\uc784\ub4e4\uc744 \ud55c \uc790\ub9ac\uc5d0 \ubaa8\uc558\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 <a href=\"https:\/\/linktr.ee\/accionglobalfeminista\">\ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c<\/a>\uc640 \uc628\ub77c\uc778 \ubaa8\uc784\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc5f0\ub300\uccb4\ub97c \uc870\uc9c1\ud558\uace0 \uacf5\ub3d9 <a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1bKyQNbeVP-LVHoo31uOJztdev-rneMqS\/view\">\uc120\uc5b8\ubb38<\/a>\uc744 \uc791\uc131\ud588\uc73c\uba70, \uc774 \uc120\uc5b8\ubb38\uc740 \uac01\uc9c0\uc758 \ub300\uaddc\ubaa8 \ud589\uc9c4 \ubb34\ub3c4\uc560\uc138 \ub0ad\ub3c5\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub9cc\ud55c \uc218\uc900\uc758 \ud611\ub825\uc744 \uc9c0\uc18d\ud558\uae30\ub294 \uc27d\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc778\uc885\ud559\uc0b4\uc5d0 \ub9de\uc11c\uace0 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc744 \uc9c0\ud0a4\ub294 \uc2f8\uc6c0\uc774 \uc774\uc81c \ud398\ubbf8\ub2c8\uc998\uc801, \uc131\uc801 \ubc18\uccb4\uc81c \uacf5\uac04\uc5d0\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc654\uc74c\uc740 \ubd80\uc815\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 3.8. \uc5ec\uc131\uc758\ub0a0 \uc9d1\ud68c\ub4e4\uacfc \uc790\uae0d\uc2ec \ud589\uc9c4\ub4e4\uc5d0\uc11c \ubd84\uba85\ud788 \ub4dc\ub7ec\ub09c\ub2e4.<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-52'><a href='#fn-2509-52' rel='footnote'>[52]<\/a><\/sup> \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c, \uc774\uc2ac\ub78c\uc8fc\uc758\ub294 \uac00\ubd80\uc7a5\uc801\uc774\uba70 \ub3d9\uc131\uc560\ud610\uc624\uc801\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc11c\uc0ac\ub098 2023\ub144 10\uc6d4 7\uc77c\uc5d0 <a href=\"https:\/\/brecha.com.uy\/quien-ha-usado-la-violencia-sexual-como-arma-de-guerra\/\">\uc131\ud3ed\ub825<\/a>\uc774 \ubb34\uae30\ub85c \uc4f0\uc600\ub2e4\ub294 \uac70\uc9d3\ub9d0\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ud398\ubbf8\ub2c8\uc998\uc801, \uc131\uc801 \ub2e4\uc591\uc131 \uacf5\uac04\ub4e4\uc744 \ud3ec\uc12d\ud558\ub824\ub294 \uc2dc\uc628\uc8fc\uc758 \ud504\ub85c\ud30c\uac04\ub2e4\uc758 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ub294 \uc131\uacf5\uc744 \uac70\ub450\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud588\ub2e4. \uc624\ud788\ub824 \ud398\ubbf8\ub2c8\uc998\uacfc \uc2dc\uc628\uc8fc\uc758\ub294 \uc591\ub9bd\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c\uc744, \ud639\uc740 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc758 \uc544\ud30c\ub974\ud2b8\ud5e4\uc774\ud2b8\uc640 \uc778\uc885\ud559\uc0b4\uc744 \uc790\ud589, \uc815\ub2f9\ud654, \ud639\uc740 \ubd80\uc815\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc131\uc801 \ubc18\uccb4\uc81c\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uad8c\ub9ac\ub97c \uc639\ud638\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud560 \uc218\ub294 \uc5c6\uc74c\uc744 \ubc29\uc99d\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud480\ubfcc\ub9ac \ucc28\uc6d0\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ub7f0 \ubcc0\uace1\uc810\ub4e4\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\ub358 \uac83\uacfc\ub294 \ub300\uc870\uc801\uc73c\ub85c, \uc81c\ub3c4\uad8c\uc758 \ubc18\uc751\uc740 \ubbf8\ubbf8\ud588\ub2e4. \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ub300\uc751\uc774 \ub2e4\ub974\uae34 \ud588\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ubcf4\uac74, \uad50\uc721, \uc5b8\ub860 \uc870\ud569\ub4e4\uc740 \uac00\uc790\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc8c\uc5b4\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uc81c \ub3d9\ub8cc\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub300\ub7c9 \uc0b4\ud574\uc5d0 \ubc18\ub300\ud558\ub294 \ubaa9\uc18c\ub9ac\ub97c \ub290\ub9bf\ub290\ub9bf \ub4a4\ub2a6\uac8c\uc57c \ub0c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uc640 \ube44\uc2b7\ud558\uac8c, \uba54\ub974\ucf54\uc218\ub974 \ube14\ub85d\uc758 \ub178\ucd1d\ub4e4\uc740 \uc778\uc885\ud559\uc0b4\uc744 \uaddc\ud0c4\ud558\uae30\ub294 \ud588\uc9c0\ub9cc \uadf8 \ub300\uc751\uc740 \uc81c\ud55c\uc801\uc774\uc5b4\uc11c, \uc815\ubd80, \uae30\uc5c5, \uc81c\ub3c4\uc758 \uacf5\ubaa8\ub97c \ub05d\ub0b4\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uacfc\uc758 \uc790\uc720\ubb34\uc5ed\ud611\uc815 \ud6a8\ub825\uc815\uc9c0\ub97c \uc694\uad6c\ud558\uc9c0\ub3c4 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ub178\uc870\ub4e4\uacfc\uc758 \uc5f0\ub300\uc5d0 \ub098\uc11c\uc9c0\ub3c4 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4. \uc2a4\ud398\uc778 \ub178\uc870 \ud65c\ub3d9\uac00 <a href=\"https:\/\/causaarabeblog.blogspot.com\/2024\/03\/sobre-lula-e-israel-las-palabras-y-los.html\">\uc0b0\ud2f0\uc544\uace0 \uace4\uc798\ub808\uc2a4 \ubc1c\ub808\ud638<sup>Santiago Gonz\u00e1lez Vallejo<\/sup><\/a>\uc758 \uc9c0\uc801\ub300\ub85c, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.prensa-latina.cu\/2025\/08\/05\/confederacion-sindical-latinoamericana-solidaria-con-causa-palestina\/\">\uc5f0\ub300 \uc131\uba85<\/a>\uc740 \ub118\uccd0\ub098\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc5d0 \ub9de\uc120 \uc720\ud6a8\ud55c \ud589\ub3d9\uc740 \uc5c6\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc804\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \ubd84\uc704\uae30\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uadf8\ub7fc\uc5d0\ub3c4, \uacb0\uc9d1\uc774 \ub450 \ud574 \ub118\uac8c \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c0\uba74\uc11c, \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uacfc \uc678\uad50\uc801, \uc0c1\uc5c5\uc801, \uad70\uc0ac\uc801 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ub04a\uc73c\ub77c\ub294 \uc694\uad6c\uac00 \uafb8\uc900\ud788 \uc9c0\uc9c0\ub97c \ubaa8\uc73c\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. 2025\ub144 7\uc6d4\ub85c 20\uc8fc\ub144\uc744 \ub9de\uc740 BDS \uc6b4\ub3d9 \uc5ed\uc2dc \uac19\uc740 \uae30\uac04 \ub3d9\uc548 \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud55c \uc131\uc7a5\uc744 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5c8\ub2e4. <a href=\"https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2025\/09\/1165856\">\ub3d9\uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub818\uacfc\uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc744\ud3ec\ud568\ud55c\ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\ud53c\uc810\ub839\uc601\ud1a0\uc5d0\ub300\ud55cUN\uad6d\uc81c\ub3c5\ub9bd\uc870\uc0ac\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c<\/a>\ub098 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2024\/12\/amnesty-international-concludes-israel-is-committing-genocide-against-palestinians-in-gaza\/\">\uad6d\uc81c\uc570\ub124\uc2a4\ud2f0<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2024\/12\/19\/israels-crime-extermination-acts-genocide-gaza\">\uc778\uad8c\uac10\uc2dc<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.btselem.org\/sites\/default\/files\/publications\/202507_our_genocide_eng.pdf\">\ube0c\uccbc\ub818<\/a> \ub4f1\uc758 \uc870\uc9c1\uc5d0\uc11c \ub0b8 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc774 \uc778\uc885\ud559\uc0b4\uc744 \uc800\uc9c0\ub974\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uacb0\ub860\uc758 \ubcf4\uace0\uc11c\ub4e4\uc740 \ubb3c\ub860 ICJ\uc640 UN <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.un.org\/en\/A\/RES\/ES-10\/24\">\uc77c\ubc18\ucd1d\ud68c<\/a>\uc758 \uacb0\uc758\uc548\ub4e4, (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/documents-listing?field_content_category_target_id%255B182%255D=182&amp;field_entity_target_id%255B1305%255D=1305&amp;view_mode=document-list\">\ud504\ub780\uccb4\uc2a4\uce74 \uc54c\ubc14\ub124\uc988<sup>Francesca Albanese<\/sup><\/a> \ud2b9\ubcc4\ubcf4\uace0\uad00\uc774 \uc774\ub048) UN \uc778\uad8c\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c \ud2b9\ubcc4\uc808\ucc28 \ub4f1\uc5d0 \ud798\uc785\uc5b4 BDS \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc758 \uc624\ub79c \uc694\uad6c\uac00 <a href=\"https:\/\/mondoweiss.net\/2024\/08\/the-icj-finds-that-bds-is-not-merely-a-right-but-an-obligation\/\">\uc815\ub2f9\uc131\uc744 \ud68d\ub4dd\ud588\ub2e4<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>BDS \ub2e8\uccb4\ub4e4\uc740 \ud604\uc7ac \uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc584\ub77c 10\uc5ec\uac1c\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ucea0\ud398\uc778\uc744 \ubc8c\uc774\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ucf5c\ub86c\ube44\uc544\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ud5e4\uc774\uadf8 \uadf8\ub8f9\uc774 \ubcf4\uace0\ud0c0\uc5d0 \ubaa8\uc600\uc744 \ub54c \uc5f4\ub9b0 <a href=\"https:\/\/adebogota.org\/index.php\/comunicaciones\/actualidad-educativa\/palestina\/asamblea-bds-colombia-un-grito-colectivo-contra-el-apartheid-y-el-genocidio-en-palestina-19-de-julio-2025\">BDS \ucd1d\ud68c<sup>BDS Assembly<\/sup><\/a>\uc640 BDS \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc5d0 \ud568\uaed8\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \ucf5c\ub86c\ube44\uc544 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc6b4\ub3d9 \uc804\ubc18\uc758 \ud638\uc18c\ub97c \ub3d9\ub825 \uc0bc\uc544 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/DMvzL7nyZPZ\/?img_index=6\">\ud0c0\ub2e4\ubb38 \uc548\ud2f0\ubc00\ub9ac \ucf5c\ub809\ud2f0\ube0c<\/a>\uac00<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-\uc5ed\uc8fc3'><a href='#fn-2509-\uc5ed\uc8fc3' rel='footnote'>[\uc5ed\uc8fc3]<\/a><\/sup> \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud55c \uc9c4\ubcf4\ub97c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ube0c\ub77c\uc9c8\uc758 BDS \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc740 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ub300\uc758\ub97c \uad6d\uac00 \ud3ed\ub825\uc5d0 \ub9de\uc11c \uc2f8\uc6b0\ub294 \ub18d\ubbfc, \ubc18\uc778\uc885\uc8fc\uc758, \ud30c\ubca8\ub77c\uc8fc\ubbfc<sup>favelado<\/sup> \uc6b4\ub3d9\uacfc \uacb0\ud569\uc2dc\ucf30\uace0, \uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \ub8f0\ub77c \uc815\ubd80\uc5d0 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uacfc\uc758 \uc678\uad50\uc801, \uc0c1\uc5c5\uc801, \uad70\uc0ac\uc801 \ub2e8\uad50\ub97c \uc555\ubc15\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. 2024\ub144\uc5d0 BDS\ube0c\ub77c\uc9c8 \ub4f1\uc740 \uc815\ubd80\uac00 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8 \uad70\uc0ac\uae30\uc5c5 \uc5d8\ube44\ud2b8\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.defesaaereanaval.com.br\/exercito\/lula-decide-por-cancelar-a-compra-do-atmos\">\uc560\ud2b8\ubaa8\uc2a4 2000 \uace1\uc0ac\ud3ec<\/a> \uad6c\ub9e4\ub97c \ucde8\uc18c\ucf00 \ud558\ub294 \ub370\uc5d0 \uc131\uacf5\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc584\ub77c \ud559\uc220 \ubd80\ubb38\uc758 \ud559\ubb38\ud559\uc0b4 \ub300\uc751\uc740 \uace0\ub974\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4. \ubcfc\ub9ac\ube44\uc544, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elciudadano.com\/portada\/universitarios-chilenos-y-de-america-latina-se-suman-a-ola-mundial-contra-el-genocidio-en-palestina\/05\/09\/\">\uce60\ub808<\/a>, \ube0c\ub77c\uc9c8, \ucf5c\ub86c\ube44\uc544, \ud478\uc5d0\ub974\ud1a0\ub9ac\ucf54, \uba55\uc2dc\ucf54\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 <a href=\"https:\/\/nacla.org\/campus-rebellion-palestine-latin-america-and-caribbean\/\">\ud559\uc0dd \ub18d\uc131\ub2e8\ub4e4<\/a>\uc774 \ub300\ud559\uc5d0 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uacfc\uc758 \uacf5\ubaa8\ub97c \ub05d\ub0bc \uac83\uc744 \uc694\uad6c\ud588\ub2e4. \uba55\uc2dc\ucf54\uc758 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/profile.php?id=61555868633272\">\ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uacfc\ud568\uaed8\ud558\ub294\ud559\uc790\ub4e4<sup>Academicos con Palestin<\/sup><\/a>\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ud559\uc220 \ubcf4\uc774\ucf67 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc744 \ud655\ub300\ud588\ub2e4. \uacbd\uc81c\uc5f0\uad6c\uad50\uc721\uc13c\ud130(CIDE)\uc640 \uba55\uc2dc\ucf54\ub300\ud559\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8 \ub300\ud559\ub4e4\uacfc\uc758 <a href=\"https:\/\/piedepagina.mx\/el-colegio-de-mexico-suspende-colaboracion-con-la-universidad-hebrea-de-jerusalen\/\">\uad50\ub958\ub97c \ub04a\uc5c8\ub2e4<\/a>. \ube0c\ub77c\uc9c8\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uce84\ud53c\ub098\uc2a4\uc8fc\ub9bd\ub300\ud559\uad50(UNICAMP), \ud50c\ub8e8\ubbf8\ub128\uc138\uc5f0\ubc29\ub300\ud559\uad50(UFF), \uc138\uc544\ub77c\uc5f0\ubc29\ub300\ud559\uad50(UFC), \ub0a8\ub9ac\uc6b0\uadf8\ub780\ub370\uc5f0\ubc29\ub300\ud559\uad50(UFRGS)\uac00 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8 \ub300\ud559\ub4e4\uacfc\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ud611\uc57d\uc744 \ucde8\uc18c\ud588\ub2e4.<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-53'><a href='#fn-2509-53' rel='footnote'>[53]<\/a><\/sup> \uc6b0\ub8e8\uacfc\uc774\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 <a href=\"https:\/\/ladiaria.com.uy\/educacion\/articulo\/2025\/4\/la-udelar-solicito-el-cierre-de-la-oficina-de-la-anii-en-jerusalen-y-anuncio-que-no-participara-en-ningun-proyecto-vinculado-a-la-misma\/\">\uacf5\ud654\uad6d\ub300\ud559\uad50(UdelaR)<\/a>\uac00 \uc815\ubd80\uc5d0\uc11c \uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub818 \ud788\ube0c\ub9ac\ub300\ud559\uad50\uc5d0 \ub0b8 \u2018\ud601\uc2e0\ucc98\u2019\uc758 \ud3d0\uc1c4\ub97c \uc694\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \uadf8\uc640 \uc5f0\uad00\ub418\ub294 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc5d0 \ucc38\uc5ec\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uaca0\ub2e4\uace0 \ubc1c\ud45c\ud588\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub8e8\uacfc\uc774 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pitcnt.uy\/novedades\/pit-cnt-respaldo-decision-del-cdc-de-la-udelar\">\uc720\uc77c \ub178\ucd1d<\/a>\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ub97c \uc9c0\uc9c0\ud588\ub2e4.<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-54'><a href='#fn-2509-54' rel='footnote'>[54]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ub77c\ud2f4\uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.clacso.org\/grupo-especial-revista-al-zeytun-clacso-palestina-y-america-latina\/\">\uc0ac\ud68c\uacfc\ud559\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c<sup>Council of Social Sciences<\/sup>(CLACSO)<\/a>\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 2019\ub144\uc5d0 \u2018\uc5f0\uad6c\uc640 \uac1c\ub150\uc801 \uae30\uc5ec\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ubb38\uc81c\uc640 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc774 \ub2e4\ub978 \ubbfc\uc871\ub4e4\uacfc \uacf5\uc720\ud558\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec \ud615\ud0dc\uc758 \uc800\ud56d\uc744 \ub354\ub354\uc6b1 \uac00\uc2dc\ud654\u2019\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.clacso.org\/grupo-especial-revista-al-zeytun-clacso-palestina-y-america-latina\/\">\ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778-\ub77c\ud2f4\uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74\uc2e4\ubb34\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c<\/a>\ub97c \uad6c\uc131\ud588\ub2e4. \uc2e4\ubb34\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub0a8\ubd80\uc778\uc2dd\ub860 \uac15\uc88c\ub97c \ube44\ub86f\ud55c \uba87\uba87 CLASCO \uc815\uaddc \uac15\uc88c\uc5d0 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ud3ec\ud568\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \ub354\ud574 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.clacso.org\/en\/categoria\/grupos-de-trabajo\/grupos-especiales\/grupos-especiales-2019-2022\/grupo-especial-revista-al-zeytun-clacso-palestina-y-america-latina\/page\/2\/\">\u300a\uc54c \uc790\uc774\ud230<sup>Al Zeytun<\/sup>\u300b<\/a>\uc9c0\uc640 \uba87 \ud3b8\uc758 \ud2b9\ubcc4 \ubcf4\uace0\uc11c\ub97c \ubc1c\ud589\ud588\ub2e4. \uc9c0\ub09c \ub450 \ud574 \ub3d9\uc548 \uc2e4\ubb34\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\ub294 \uc5ed\ub0b4 \ud559\uc220 \ubcf4\uc774\ucf67 \uc870\uc9c1\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294 \uad6c\uc131\uc6d0 \ud65c\ub3d9 \uc815\ubcf4 \uacf5\uc720\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \uacf5\uac04\uc73c\ub85c \uc6b4\uc601\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc81c10\ucc28 CLACSO \ucd1d\ud68c(2025\ub144 6\uc6d4, \ubcf4\uace0\ud0c0)\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc138 \uac1c\uc758 \uc8fc\uc81c \ud328\ub110\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud55c <a href=\"https:\/\/conferenciaclacso.org\/programa\/foro_tematico.php?ca=141\">\ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778, \uc804 \uc9c0\uad6c\uc801 \ub0a8\ubd80\uc758 \ub300\uc758<sup>Palestine, a Global South Cause<\/sup><\/a> \ud3ec\ub7fc \uc870\uc9c1\uc744 \ub9e1\uc558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ucd5c\uadfc\uc5d0\ub294, \uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc584\ub77c\uc5d0\uc11c \uae00\ub85c\ubc8c \uc218\ubb34\ub4dc \uc120\ub2e8\uc744 \uc8fc\uc2dc\ud558\uae30\ub294 \ud588\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \uc81c\uc57d\uacfc \uc9c0\ub9ac\uc801 \uac70\ub9ac\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uc5ed\ub0b4 \ubbfc\uc911\uc758 \ucc38\uc5ec\ub294 \uc81c\ud55c\uc801\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc77c\ubd80 \uad6d\uac00(\uba55\uc2dc\ucf54, \ube0c\ub77c\uc9c8, \uc544\ub974\ud5e8\ud2f0\ub098)\uc5d0\uc11c\ub9cc \uaddc\ubaa8 \uc788\ub294 \ub300\ud45c\ub2e8\uc744 \ud30c\uacac\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\uace0 \ub098\uba38\uc9c0(\uc6b0\ub8e8\uacfc\uc774, \uce60\ub808, \ucf5c\ub86c\ube44\uc544)\ub97c \ub300\ud45c\ud55c \ud65c\ub3d9\uac00\ub4e4\uc740 \uc720\ub7fd\uc5d0 \uc0b4\uac70\ub098 \uccb4\ub958 \uc911\uc778 \uc774\ub4e4\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mondoweiss.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/CHAPTER5-1024x515.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\ud478\ub77c\ud14c \uc0e4\ud560 \uc5d8 \ub808\uce74\ube44 \uadf8\ub9bc.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ubbf8\uacb0\uc758 (\uc2dc\uae09\ud55c) \uacfc\uc81c\ub4e4<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>2023\ub144 10\uc6d4 6\uc77c \uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc584\ub77c\uc5d0\uc11c \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ub300\uc758\ub294, \uc138\uacc4 \ub2e4\ub978 \uacf3\ub4e4\uacfc \ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0\ub85c, \uc8fc\ubcc0\uc73c\ub85c \ubc00\ub824\ub0ac\uac70\ub098 \uc544\uc608 \uc78a\ud600\uc9c4 \ub4ef \ubcf4\uc600\ub2e4. \uc608\ucee8\ub300 \ub098\ud06c\ubc14 70\uc8fc\ub144\uc744 \ub9de\ub294 2023\ub144 5\uc6d4 15\uc77c\uc740 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc0c1 \uadf8\ub0e5 \uc9c0\ub098\uac14\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc758 \uc800\ud56d\uc774 \uac00\uc790\uc758 \uac10\uc625 \ub2f4\uc7a5\uc744 \ubb34\ub108\ub728\ub824 \uc81c\uad6d\uc774 \uc81c\uc548\ud55c \uc11c\uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc758 \uac00\uc9dc \ud3c9\ud654\ub294 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ubbfc\uc871\uc744 \ubb34\uc2dc\ud558\ub294 \ud55c \uc2e4\ud604 \ubd88\uac00\ub2a5\ud560 \uac83\uc784\uc744 \ub2e4\uc2dc\uae08 \uc77c\uae68\uc6cc \uc900 10\uc6d4 7\uc77c, \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uac83\uc774 \ub2ec\ub77c\uc84c\ub2e4. \uc5b8\uc81c\ub098 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc800\ud56d\uc758 \uc694\ub78c\uc774\uc5c8\ub358 \ubd88\uad74\uc758 \uac00\uc790\ub294 \uc9c0\uae08 \ud574\ubc29 \ud22c\uc7c1 \uc0ac\uc0c1 \uac00\uc7a5 \ub9ce\uc740 \ud53c\uac00 \ud750\ub974\ub294, \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc544\ub9c8\ub3c4 \uacb0\uc815\uc801\uc778, \uc0c8 \uc7a5\uc744 \uc4f4 \ub300\uac00\ub97c \ud639\ub3c5\ud788 \uce58\ub974\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc2dc\uc628\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \uc808\uba78 \uae30\ud68d\uc774 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ubbfc\uc871\uccad\uc18c\ub77c\ub294 \ubaa9\ud45c\uc758 \uc644\uc218\uc5d0 \uc774\ub9cc\ud07c \uac00\uae4c\uc774 \ub2e4\uac00\uac04 \uc801\ub3c4 \uc5c6\uae30\ub294 \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ubc31 \ub144\uc774 \ub118\uac8c \uc800\ud56d\ud558\ub294 \ub3d9\uc548 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ub300\uc758\uac00 \uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc584\ub77c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub97c \ube44\ub86f\ud574 \uc774\ub9cc\ud55c \u2015 \uc778\uc885\ud559\uc0b4\uc5d0 \uacf5\ubaa8\ud558\ub294 \uc5f4\uac15\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc801 \ubd84\ub178\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ub450 \ud574 \ub118\uac8c \uc9c0\uc18d\ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \u2015 \uc804 \uc9c0\uad6c\uc801 \uc9c0\uc9c0\ub97c \ubc1b\uc740 \uc801\uc740 \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc138\uacc4 \ubbfc\uc911\ub4e4, \ud2b9\ud788 \uc804 \uc9c0\uad6c\uc801 \ub0a8\ubd80 \ubbfc\uc911\ub4e4\uc740 20\uc138\uac1c\uc758 \ub300\ub300\uc801\uc778 \ud0c8\uc2dd\ubbfc \uacfc\uc815 \uc774\uc804\uc778 1945\ub144\uc5d0 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\uc84c\uace0 \ud604\uc7ac \uc704\uae30\uc5d0 \ucc98\ud574 \uc788\ub294 \uc804 \uc9c0\uad6c\uc801 \uccb4\uc81c\uc758 \uc0b0\ubb3c\uc778 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ubd84\ud560\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \u2018UN\uc758 \ud569\uc758\u2019\ub97c \ub118\uc5b4\uc11c\ub294 \uacfc\uc81c\uc5d0 \ub098\uc11c\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4. \uad6d\uc81c\ubc95\uc758 \uad6c\uc870\ub97c \ubb34\uc2dc\ud558\uc790\ub294 \ub9d0\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubc18\ub300\ub85c, \uad6d\uc81c\ubc95\uc740 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ubbfc\uc871, \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uacf3\uc758 \ud53c\uc5b5\uc555 \ubbfc\uc871\ub4e4\uc758 \uad8c\ub9ac\ub97c \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \ub3c4\ub355\uc801, \ubc95\uc801 \uc815\ub2f9\uc131\uc758 \uadfc\uac70\ub85c\uc11c \uad6d\uc81c\ubc95\uc744 \uc639\ud638\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \ub610\ud55c, UN\uc758 \ud569\uc758\ub294 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ud604\uc2e4\uc744 \uc788\ub294 \uadf8\ub300\ub85c \ubcf4\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uac8c, <a href=\"https:\/\/al-shabaka.org\/commentaries\/palestine-beyond-partition-and-the-nation-state\/\">\uc11c\uad6c\uc758 \ubbfc\uc871\uad6d\uac00 \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \ub118\uc5b4\uc11c\ub294<\/a> \uac83\uc744 \ube44\ub86f\ud574 \ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc815\uc758\ub86d\uace0 \ud604\uc2e4\uc801\uc774\uba70 \ucc3d\uc758\uc801\uc778 \uc120\ud0dd\uc9c0\ub97c \uc0c1\uc0c1\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294 \uad6c\uc18d\ubcf5\uc784\uc744 \uc778\uc2dd\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc584\ub77c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ub97c \ud574\ub0b4\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \u2015 \uad00\ub828\ub418\ub294 \ub2f9\uc0ac\uc790\ub4e4\uacfc \ucc45\uc784\ub4e4\uc758 \ub2e4\uc591\uc131\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud558\uba74\uc11c \u2015 \uba87 \uac00\uc9c0 \uacfc\uc81c\ub4e4\uc744 \ub610\ud55c \ud574\uacb0\ud574\uc57c \ud558\ub294\ub370, \uc544\ub798\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uadf8 \uc911 \uc77c\ubd80\ub97c \uac1c\uad00\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uc778\uc2dd\ub860\uc801 \ub36b \uadf9\ubcf5\ud558\uae30<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc624\uc2ac\ub85c \ud328\ub7ec\ub2e4\uc784\uc740 \ubb3c\ub860 UN \uacb0\uc758 181\ud638(1947)\uc640 242\ud638(1967)\ub3c4 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ub450 \ubbfc\uc871 \uac04\uc758 \uac08\ub4f1\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf8\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc5ed\uc0ac\ud559\uc790 \ud638\ub974\ud5e4 \ub77c\ubaa8\uc2a4 \ud1a8\ub85c\uc0ac<sup>Jorge Ramos Tolosa<\/sup>\uc758 \uc9c0\uc801\ub300\ub85c<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-55'><a href='#fn-2509-55' rel='footnote'>[55]<\/a><\/sup> \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ubb38\uc81c\ub294 \uc810\ucc28 \uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc \uc778\uad6c\uc758 \uc81c\uac70\ub97c \uc804\uc81c\ub85c \ud558\ub294 \uc804\ud615\uc801\uc778 \uc815\ucc29\uc790 \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \uc0ac\ub840\ub85c \uc774\ud574\ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc810\uc740 \ubb38\uc81c\uc758 \uadfc\uc6d0\uc774 \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc8fc\uc758, \uc778\uc885\uc8fc\uc758, \uc6b0\uc6d4\uc8fc\uc758 \uc774\ub370\uc62c\ub85c\uae30\uc774\uc790 \ubbfc\uc871\uc8fc\uc758 \uae30\ud68d\uc774 \ud6a1\ud589\ud588\ub358 19\uc138\uae30 \ub9d0 \uc720\ub7fd\uc5d0\uc11c \ud0dc\uc5b4\ub09c \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uae30\ud68d\uc778 \uc2dc\uc628\uc8fc\uc758\uc784\uc744 \uc774\ud574\ud558\ub294 \uc5f4\uc1e0\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ubc18\ub4dc\uc2dc \ubb3c\uc5b4\uc57c \ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc9c0\ub09c \uc138\uae30\uc758 \ub2e4\ub978 (\uc54c\uc81c\ub9ac, \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8, \uc559\uace8\ub77c, \ubaa8\uc7a0\ube44\ud06c, \ub0a8\uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74, \uadf8 \uc5b4\ub514\ub4e0) \ud0c8\uc2dd\ubbfc \ud639\uc740 \ud574\ubc29 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \uc601\ud1a0\ub97c \ubd84\ud560\ud574 \ud55c\ucabd \u2015 \ud070 \ucabd \u2015 \uc740 \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c, \ub2e4\ub978 \ud55c \ucabd\uc740 \uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc \ud639\uc740 \ud53c\uc2dd\ubbfc \uc778\uad6c\uc5d0\uac8c \uc8fc\uc790\ub294 \uc81c\uc548\uc774 \ub098\uc628 \uacf3\uc774 \uc5b4\ub514 \uc788\ub294\uac00? \uc124\ub839 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc740 \ubd84\ud560 \ubaa8\ub378\uacfc \uadf8 \ubd88\uacf5\uc815\ud558\uace0 \ubd88\ubc95\uc801\uc778 \u20181967\ub144 \uad6d\uacbd\u2019\uc744 \ub118\uc5b4\uc124 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4\uace0 (\ud639\uc740 \ub118\uc5b4\uc11c\uace0 \uc2f6\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub2e4\uace0) \ud574\ub3c4<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-56'><a href='#fn-2509-56' rel='footnote'>[56]<\/a><\/sup> \ub0a8\ubd80\uc758 \ubbfc\uc911\ub4e4\uc740 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc804\uccb4\uc640 \uadf8 \uc804 \uc778\uad6c\uc758 \ud574\ubc29\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ubbfc\uc911\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \uc2f8\uc6cc\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4. 1967\ub144\uc5d0 \uc810\ub839\ub2f9\ud55c \uc601\ud1a0(\uc11c\uc548, \uac00\uc790, \uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub818)\uc5d0 \uc0ac\ub294 550\ub9cc \uba85\ub9cc\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ub610\ud55c \u20181948\ub144 \uc601\ud1a0\u2019\uc5d0\uc11c \uc544\ud30c\ub974\ud2b8\ud5e4\uc774\ud2b8 \ud558\uc5d0 \uc0ac\ub294 2\ubc31\ub9cc \uac00\uae4c\uc6b4 \uc774\ub4e4, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ud2b9\ud788 \uc774\uc6c3 \uad6d\uac00 \ub09c\ubbfc\ucd0c\uc5d0\uc11c \ud639\uc740 \ud574\uc678 \ub9dd\uba85\uc9c0\uc5d0\uc11c \ube44\ucc38\ud558\uac8c \uad8c\ub9ac \uc5c6\uc774 \uc0ac\ub294, (\uc774\uc81c \ub09c\ubbfc, \ub9dd\uba85\uc790 4\uc138\ub300\uc5d0 \uc801\uc6a9\ub418\ub294) \uadc0\ud658\ud560 \uad8c\ub9ac\ub97c 1948\ub144 \uc774\ub798\ub85c \uce68\ud574 \ub2f9\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70 \uc624\uc2ac\ub85c \uccb4\uc81c\uc5d0 \uae30\ubc18\ud55c \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ud611\uc0c1\uc5d0\uc11c \ubb34\uc2dc \ub2f9\ud574 \uc628 (\uc804\uccb4 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc778\uad6c\uc758 \uc808\ubc18\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\ub294) 6-7\ubc31\ub9cc \uba85\uc744 \uc704\ud574\uc11c \ub9d0\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774\ub294 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ubbfc\uc871\uc758 \ud574\ubc29 \uc5c6\ub294 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uad6d \uc778\uc815\uc740 <a href=\"https:\/\/english.palinfo.com\/opinion_articles\/Recognition-of-a-Palestinian-state-without-liberation-is-an-illusion\/\">\ud5c8\uc0c1<\/a>\uc784\uc744 \uba85\uc2ec\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \ub73b\uc774\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\ub2e4. \uad81\uadf9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub9d0\ud558\uc790\uba74, \uc808\ub300 \ub193\uccd0\uc11c\ub294 \uc548\ub420 \ud328\ub7ec\ub2e4\uc784 \u2015 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ud0c8\uc2dd\ubbfc\ud654\uc640 \uc544\ud30c\ub974\ud2b8\ud5e4\uc774\ud2b8 \uccb4\uc81c \ud574\uccb4, \ud639\uc740 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tni.org\/en\/article\/vietnam-algeria-palestine?translation=en\">\ud568\uc0ac \ud558\ubb34\uccb4\ub124<sup>Hamza Hamouchene<\/sup><\/a>\uc758 \ub9d0\uc744 \ube4c\ub9ac\uc790\uba74 \u2018\ubc18\uc2dd\ubbfc \ud22c\uc7c1\uc758 \ud683\ubd88 \uc804\ub2ec\ud558\uae30\u2019 \u2015 \uc744 \ub418\ucc3e\uc544\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \ub73b\uc774\ub2e4. \uc624\uc2ac\ub85c \ud328\ub7ec\ub2e4\uc784\uc758 \uadf9\ubcf5\uc744 \uc704\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ub300\uc758\ub294 \ubbfc\uc871\uc801, \ubc18\uc81c\uad6d\uc8fc\uc758\uc801, \ubc18\ud30c\uc2dc\uc998\uc801 \ud574\ubc29 \ud22c\uc7c1\uc774\uba70 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ubbfc\uc871\uc5d0\uac8c\ub294 (\ubb34\uc7a5 \ud22c\uc7c1\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud574) \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc218\ub2e8\uc744 \uc368\uc11c <a href=\"https:\/\/law4palestine.org\/the-palestinian-people-have-the-right-to-resistance-by-all-means-available-at-their-disposal-dr-shahd-hammouri\/\">\uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c\ub97c \ubc29\uc5b4\ud558\uace0 \uc2dd\ubbfc \uc9c0\ubc30 \ubc0f \uc544\ud30c\ub974\ud2b8\ud5e4\uc774\ud2b8\uc5d0 \uc800\ud56d\ud560<\/a> \uad8c\ub9ac\uac00 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uc7ac\ud655\uc778\ud574\uc57c,<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-57'><a href='#fn-2509-57' rel='footnote'>[57]<\/a><\/sup> \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \ud22c\uc7c1\uc744 \uc885\uc885 \uac04\uacfc\ub418\ub294 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pagina12.com.ar\/775094-pensamiento-decolonial-en-tiempos-de-genocidio\">\uc544\uc774\ud2f0 \ubbfc\uc911<\/a>\uc758 \ud22c\uc7c1\uc744 \ube44\ub86f\ud55c \uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc584\ub77c\uc758 \ub2e4\ub978 \ubc18\uc778\uc885\uc8fc\uc758, \ubc18\uc2dd\ubbfc\uc8fc\uc758 \ud22c\uc7c1\uacfc \uc5f0\uacb0 \uc9c0\uc5b4\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-58'><a href='#fn-2509-58' rel='footnote'>[58]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uc815\uaddc\uad50\uc721\u00b7\ubbfc\uc911\uad50\uc721\uc5d0\uc11c \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ub2e4\ub8e8\uae30<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\ucd5c\uadfc\uc5d0 \uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc584\ub77c\uc5d0\uc11c \ubd80\uc0c1\ud55c \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ubb38\uc81c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc9c0\ub300\ud55c \uad00\uc2ec\uc740 \uc9c0\uc2dd \uc0dd\uc0b0 \ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ud2b9\ud788 \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc758 \uc0ac\ud68c\ud654, \ubbfc\uc8fc\ud654\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uacfc\uc81c\ub97c \uc81c\uc2dc\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc2dc\ubbfc\uc0ac\ud68c\uc640 \uc815\uaddc\uad50\uc721\uc758 \uce35\uc704\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5f4\ub9b0 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uacf5\uac04\ub4e4\uc744 \ud655\ub300\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778, \ub808\ubc18\ud2b8, \uc11c\uc544\uc2dc\uc544 \uc5f0\uad6c \uad00\ub828 \uc0c1\ud669\uc774 \ucc9c\ucc28\ub9cc\ubcc4\uc778 \uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc584\ub77c\uc758 \ub300\ud559\ub4e4\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc801\uc6a9\ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ubaa8\ubc94\uc73c\ub85c \uc0bc\uc744 \ub9cc\ud55c \uc0ac\ub840\ub85c \uc544\ub974\ud5e8\ud2f0\ub098 \uc5ec\ub7ec \ub300\ud559\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \u2018\uc5d0\ub4dc\uc6cc\ub4dc \uc0ac\uc774\ub4dc \uc790\uc720\uac15\uc88c<sup>c\u00e1tedras libres Edward Said<\/sup>\u2019\ub97c \ub4e4 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-59'><a href='#fn-2509-59' rel='footnote'>[59]<\/a><\/sup> \ub2e8\uacfc\ub300\ud559(\ub300\uac1c \ucca0\ud559\u00b7\ubb38\ud559 \ud559\ubd80)\uc758 \uc544\uc6c3\ub9ac\uce58 \ubd80\uc11c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6b4\uc601\ub418\ub294 \uc774 \uac15\uc88c\ub294 \ud559\uc220 \uc5f0\uad6c\u00b7\uac15\uc758\ub97c \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4 \uc544\uc6c3\ub9ac\uce58\uc640 \uacb0\ud569\ud574 \uad50\uc6d0\uc591\uc131\uc13c\ud130\ub098 \uc0ac\ud68c\ub2e8\uccb4\ub4e4\uc5d0\uc11c \ub300\uba74\u00b7\ube44\ub300\uba74 \uac15\uc758\ub97c \uc5f0\ub2e4. \uc774\ub4e4\uc758 \ud3ed\ub113\uc740 \uad50\uc721 \uacbd\ud5d8\uc744 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud558\uba74 \uadf8\ub7f0 \uc804\ubb38 \uc591\uc131 \uae30\uad00\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c \uc911\ub4f1\uad50\uc721\uacfc\uc815 \uc218\uc900\uc758 \uad50\uc0ac\ub098 \uae30\uad00\uc744 \uc591\uc131\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc744 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ub610 \ud55c \uac00\uc9c0 \ubcc0\ud568 \uc5c6\ub294 \uacfc\uc81c\ub294 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc5f0\uad6c\ub97c \ud0c8\uc2dd\ubbfc \uc5f0\uad6c, \uc120\uc8fc\ubbfc \uc5f0\uad6c, \ube44\ud310\uc801 \uc778\uc885\uc8fc\uc758 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc640 \uc5f0\uacb0\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ubd80\uc5d0\ub178\uc2a4\uc544\uc774\ub808\uc2a4\ub300\ud559\uad50(UBA) \uc5d0\ub4dc\uc6cc\ub4dc\uc0ac\uc774\ub4dc\uc11d\uc88c\uad50\uc218 \uac00\ube0c\ub9ac\uc5d8 \uc2dc\ube44\ub2c8\uc548<sup>Gabriel Sivinian<\/sup>\uc758 \ub9d0\ub300\ub85c, \ud3ec\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc2dd\ubbfc\u00b7\ud0c8\uc2dd\ubbfc \uc5f0\uad6c\ub294 \u2015 \uc774 \ubd84\uc57c\uac00 \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud55c \uc815\ub3c4\ub85c \uc0ac\uc774\ub4dc\uc758 \uc791\uc5c5\uc5d0 \uc601\uac10\uc744 \ubc1b\uc558\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc744 \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uba74 \u2015 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ubb38\uc81c\uc5d0 \uc9d1\uc911\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4. \u2018\uc0ac\uc774\ub4dc\ub294 \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc774\uace0 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ubb38\uc81c\ub294 \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc774\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc778\uc2dd\ub860\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc5b4\ub518\uac00 \uc880 \uc774\uc0c1\ud558\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0\ub370\ub3c4, \uba87\uba87 \ud0c8\uc2dd\ubbfc \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc778\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc774\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc4f0\uae30\ub294 \ud588\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uadf8\ub7f0 \uc2e4\uc815\uc774\ub2e4.\u2019<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-60'><a href='#fn-2509-60' rel='footnote'>[60]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ubc14\ubca8\uc758 \uc800\uc8fc \ub04a\uae30<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc9c0\ub9ac\ub9cc\ud07c\uc774\ub098 \uc5b8\uc5b4 \uc5ed\uc2dc \uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc584\ub77c \ubbfc\uc911\uc744 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778, \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc778\ub4e4\uacfc \uac08\ub77c \ub193\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc584\ub77c\ub294 \uc601\uc5b4\uad8c\ub3c4 \uc544\ub78d\uc5b4\uad8c\ub3c4 \uc544\ub2c8\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. \uc544\ub78d \uc138\uacc4 \ubc14\uae65\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc639\ud638, \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud0b9 \ub178\ub825\uc740 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84 \uc720\ub7fd, \ubd81\uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74, \ub0a8\ubd80\uc758 \uc601\uc5b4\uad8c\uc5d0 \ucd08\uc810\uc744 \ub9de\ucd94\uc5b4 \uc654\uc73c\uba70 (\uc7a5\ubcbd\uc744\uba48\ucdb0\ub77c, BDS \uc6b4\ub3d9, \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uacf5\uacf5\uc678\uad50\uc5f0\uad6c\uc18c<sup>Palestine Institute for Public Diplomacy<\/sup> \ub4f1 \uc18c\uc218\uc758 \uc608\uc678\ub97c \ube7c\uba74) \uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc584\ub77c\uc640\uc758 \uad00\uacc4 \ud615\uc131\uc740 \uc6b0\uc120 \uc21c\uc704\uc5d0 \ub450\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \ub9e5\ub77d\uc5d0\uc11c, \uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc584\ub77c\uc640 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ubaa8\ub450\uc5d0\uc11c (\ubd81\ubd80\uc758 \uc7ac\uc815\uc801 \uc9c0\uc6d0\uacfc \ud568\uaed8) \uc5b8\uc5b4 \uc7a5\ubcbd \uadf9\ubcf5\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \ud1b5\ubc88\uc5ed\uc5d0 \ub178\ub825\uc744 \uae30\uc6b8\uc77c \ud544\uc694\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uc5d0 \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc774 \ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uc628\ub77c\uc778 \ud639\uc740 \ub300\uba74 \ub300\ud654\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc584\ub77c \ud65c\ub3d9\uac00\uc640 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ud65c\ub3d9\uac00\uac00 \uac01\uc790\uc758 \ud604\uc2e4\uacfc \uacf5\ub3d9\uc758 \uacbd\ud5d8\uc744 \ubc30\uc6b8 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc9c1\uc811\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uc720\uc5f0\ud55c \ub300\ud654 \uc774\uc5b4\uac00\uae30.<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-61'><a href='#fn-2509-61' rel='footnote'>[61]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc885\uc885 \uc601\uc5b4\ub85c \uae00\uc744 \uc4f0\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc2a4\ud398\uc778\uc5b4\ub098 \ud3ec\ub974\ud22c\uac08\uc5b4\ub85c\ub294 \uc798 \ubc88\uc5ed\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \uc80a\uc740 \uc138\ub300 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc778\ub4e4\uc758 \ube44\ud310\uc801, \uc800\ud56d\uc801 \ubaa9\uc18c\ub9ac\ub97c \ube44\ub86f\ud574,<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-62'><a href='#fn-2509-62' rel='footnote'>[62]<\/a><\/sup> \uc601\uc5b4\u00b7\uc544\ub78d\uc5b4\ub85c \ud48d\ubd80\ud558\uac8c \ub098\uc640 \uc788\ub294 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ubb38\uc81c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uace0\uae09 \uc815\ubcf4\ub098 \ubd84\uc11d \uc790\ub8cc\uc5d0<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-63'><a href='#fn-2509-63' rel='footnote'>[63]<\/a><\/sup> \uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc584\ub77c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc811\uadfc\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uac8c \ud558\uae30.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ubd81\ubd80\uc758 \uc911\uc7ac \uc5c6\uc774 \ub0a8\ubd80-\ub0a8\ubd80 \uc5f0\ub300\ub97c \uac74\uc124\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d, \uc5f0\ub300 \uc9c0\uc2dd, \uc2e4\ucc9c, \uacbd\ud5d8, \uc131\ucc30\uc758 \uc9c4\uc815\ud55c \uad50\ud658\uacfc \uc0c1\ud638\ud559\uc2b5\uc744 \uac00\ub2a5\ucf00 \ud558\ub294 \uc5f0\ub300 \ub124\ud06c\uc6cc\ud06c \ubc0f \uc804 \uc9c0\uad6c\uc801 \uc0c1\ud638 \uc5f0\uacb0\ub9dd \uac74\uc124\uc758 \uc9c0\ud3c9 \ud655\ub300\ud558\uae30.<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-64'><a href='#fn-2509-64' rel='footnote'>[64]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">(\ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778) \ub545\uc5d0 \ub2e8\ub2e8\ud788 \ubc1c \ub51b\uae30<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc9c1\uc811 \uacbd\ud5d8\uc73c\ub85c \uc5bb\uc740 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc758 \ud604\uc2e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc9c0\uc2dd, \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ubbfc\uc871\uc744 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \ub545\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9cc\ub098\ub294 \uc77c\uc740 \uadf8 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc73c\ub85c\ub3c4 \ub300\uc2e0\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4. \ubb3c\ub860 \uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc584\ub77c \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc5d0 \ub2e4\ub140\uc624\ub294 \ub370\uc5d0\ub294 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \ubaa9\uc801\uc5d0 \uc4f8 \ubcf4\uc870\uae08\uc774\ub098 \uc790\uccb4 \uc7ac\uc6d0\uc774 \uc5c6\uc73c\uba70, \ud65c\ub3d9\uac00\ub4e4\uc740 \u2015 \ubd81\ubc18\uad6c\uc640 \ub2ec\ub9ac \u2015 \ub300\uac1c \uc804\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc790\uc6d0\ubd09\uc0ac\ub85c \uc77c\ud558\uba70 \uace0\uc6a9 \ubd88\uc548\uc815\uc744 \uacaa\uace0\/\uac70\ub098 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc77c\uc790\ub9ac\uc5d0\uc11c \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uc77c\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uac00 \ub9ce\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4.<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-65'><a href='#fn-2509-65' rel='footnote'>[65]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc584\ub77c \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc5d0 \ub2e4\ub140\uc62c \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uc5f0\ub300\uc5d0 \uae30\ubc18\ud55c \ubc29\ubc95\ub4e4\uc744 \ucc3e\uc744 \ud544\uc694\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4. \ucfe0\ubc14, \ub2c8\uce74\ub77c\uacfc, \uce58\uc544\ud30c\uc2a4 \ub4f1\uc9c0\uc5d0 \uc5f0\ub300\ub2e8\uc744 \ubcf4\ub0b4 \uc0ac\ud0d5\uc218\uc218, \ucee4\ud53c, \uc624\ub80c\uc9c0 \uc218\ud655\uc744 \ub3d5\uac70\ub098 \uad70\uc0ac\ud654\ub85c \uc704\ud611 \ubc1b\ub294 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uad6d\uc81c\uc801 \uc9c0\uc9c0\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud55c \uc624\ub79c \uc804\ud1b5\uc774 \uc788\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \uc774 \uc5ed\uc2dc \uac00\ub2a5\ud560 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \uc5f0\ub300\ub2e8\ub4e4\uc740 \ud574\ub9c8\ub2e4 \uc138\uacc4 \uac01\uc9c0\uc5d0\uc11c \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc744 \ucc3e\uc544 \uc62c\ub9ac\ube0c \uc218\ud655\uc744 \ub3d5\ub294 \uc5f0\ub300 \ud65c\ub3d9\uac00\ub4e4\uacfc \ube44\uc2b7\ud558\ub2e4 \u2015 \uc62c\ub9ac\ube0c \uc218\ud655\ucca0\uc740 \uac00\uc871\ub4e4, \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\ub4e4\uc758 \uc0dd\uacc4 \uc720\uc9c0\uc5d0 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc911\uc694\ud55c, \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8 \uc815\ucc29\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc778\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud3ed\ub825\uc758 \ud6a8\uacfc\ub97c \uadf9\ub300\ud654\ud558\ub294 \ub370\uc5d0 \uc774\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uc2dc\uae30\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc608\ucee8\ub300 \uc544\ub798\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uac00\uc9c0 \ud615\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc758 \ud604\uc2e4\uc744 \uc9c1\uc811 \uacbd\ud5d8\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\ube0c\ub77c\uc9c8\uc758 \ubb34\ud1a0\uc9c0\ub178\ub3d9\uc790\uc6b4\ub3d9<sup>Landless Workers\u2019 Movement<\/sup>(<a href=\"https:\/\/mst.org.br\/tag\/palestina\/\">MST<\/a>)\uc774\ub098 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.foei.org\/visit-to-palestine-exposes-environmental-injustices-and-human-rights-abuses-under-the-israeli-occupation\/\">\ub545\uc758\uce5c\uad6c\ub4e4<sup>Friends of the Earth<\/sup><\/a> \uc0ac\ub840\ucc98\ub7fc, \ub300\ud45c\ub2e8\uc744 \ud30c\uacac\ud574 \uc62c\ub9ac\ube0c \ub098\ubb34 \uc2ec\uae30, \uc62c\ub9ac\ube0c \uc218\ud655\ud558\uae30 \ub4f1 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\ub4e4\uc758 \uc790\uc870 \ud65c\ub3d9 \ubc30\uc6b0\uae30<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>(\uad6d\uc81c \ub3d9\ubc18\uc790,<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-\uc5ed\uc8fc4'><a href='#fn-2509-\uc5ed\uc8fc4' rel='footnote'>[\uc5ed\uc8fc4]<\/a><\/sup> \uc5f0\ub300 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8\uc758 \uc9c0\uc6d0 \ud558\uc5d0) \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8 \ubcd1\uc0ac\u00b7\uc815\ucc29\uc790 \ud3ed\ub825\uc5d0 \uc704\ud611 \ubc1b\ub294 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc7a5\uae30 \uccb4\ub958\ud558\uae30.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc791\uac00 \ub808\uc9c0\ub358\uc2dc, \ubb38\ud654\u00b7\ud559\uc220\u00b7\uc778\uad8c \uae30\uad00 \uc778\ud134\uc2ed, \ud53c\ud574 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4 \uae30\uc220 \uc9c0\uc6d0, \ub09c\ubbfc\ucd0c \uc790\uc6d0 \ud65c\ub3d9 \ub4f1 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc591\uc2dd\uc758 \uad50\ub958, \uc0c1\ud638 \ud559\uc2b5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc815\uce58 \uc0c1\ud669\uc744 \ub354 \uc798 \uc774\ud574\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \uc9c0\uc2dd \uc2ec\ud654\ud558\uae30<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc758 \ub300\ud45c\uc131\uacfc \uc815\ub2f9\uc131\uc774 \uc804\uc5d0 \uc5c6\uc774 \ub17c\uc7c1\uac70\ub9ac\uac00 \ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub294<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-66'><a href='#fn-2509-66' rel='footnote'>[66]<\/a><\/sup> \uc9c0\uae08, \uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc584\ub77c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5f0\ub300 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc5d0 \uad00\uc5ec\ud558\ub294 \uc774\ub4e4\uc774 PA \ub300\uc0ac\uad00\uc5d0 \uad6d\ud55c\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc815\uce58\uc801 \ud589\uc704\uc790\ub4e4\uacfc \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ud655\ub300\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ud544\uc218\uc801\uc774\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c \ud604\uc7ac\uc758 \uc5ed\ud559\uc740 \ubb3c\ub860 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc815\uce58, \uadf8 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc2dc\uae30\ub4e4, \ud589\uc704\uc790\ub4e4, \uc785\uc7a5\ub4e4 \u2015\ud2b9\ud788 \uc624\uc2ac\ub85c\uc640 PA \ud0c4\uc0dd \uc804\ud6c4\uc758 \u2015 \uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\ub3c4 \ubc18\ub4dc\uc2dc \ubc30\uc6cc\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-67'><a href='#fn-2509-67' rel='footnote'>[67]<\/a><\/sup> \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc0ac\ud68c \uacf3\uacf3\uc5d0\uc11c \uc218\ud589\ub418\ub294 <a href=\"https:\/\/pcpsr.org\/en\/node\/1000\">\uc5ec\ub860 \uc870\uc0ac<\/a>\ub97c \ubd84\uc11d\ud574 (\uc9c0\ubc29 \uc120\uac70\ub97c \uc81c\uc678\ud558\uba74) 20\ub144\uc9f8 \uc120\uac70\uac00 \uc5f4\ub9ac\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uc120\ud638\uc640 \uac01 \ud589\uc704\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uc815\ub2f9\uc131\uc774 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ubcc0\ud654\ud574 \uc654\ub294\uc9c0\ub97c \ubcf4\ub294 \uac83 \uc5ed\uc2dc \ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0\ub85c \uc911\uc694\ud558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc758 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ubaa9\uc18c\ub9ac\ub4e4 \u2015 \uc88c\ud30c \uc815\ub2f9\ub4e4, \ub178\uc870\ub4e4, \uc778\uad8c \ub2e8\uccb4\ub4e4, \ub18d\ucd0c \uc870\uc9c1\ub4e4, \ud398\ubbf8\ub2c8\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub4e4, \ud658\uacbd\uc8fc\uc758\uc790\ub4e4, \ud034\uc5b4\ub4e4, \uc5b8\ub860\uc778\ub4e4, \uc608\uc220\uac00\ub4e4, \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc778\ub4e4, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 (\ud2b9\ud788) \uccad\ub144\ub4e4 \ub4f1 \uc885\uc885 \uc804\ud1b5\uc801\uc778 \uc870\uc9c1\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc18c\uc18d\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uac01\uc790\uc758 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \uc815\uce58\ub97c \ud3bc\uce58\ub294 \u2015 \uc5d0\ub3c4 \ub2e4\uac00\uac00\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ub545\uc758 \u2018\uc2e0\uc131\ud568\u2019 \uc778\uc815\ud558\uae30<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\ubc18\uc885\uad50\uc801 \uc120\uc785\uacac\uc758 \uadf9\ubcf5\uc744 \uc81c\uc548\ud558\uace0\uc790 \ubd80\ub7ec \ub3c4\ubc1c\uc801\uc778 \uc81c\ubaa9\uc744 \ubd99\uc600\ub2e4. \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc801 \uc88c\ud30c \uc9c4\uc601\uc5d0 \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud788 \ud33d\ubc30\ud55c \uc774 \uc120\uc785\uacac\uc740 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ubbfc\uc871 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc5d0\uac8c \ubfcc\ub9ac \ubc15\ud600 \uc788\ub294 \uc601\uc131\uc744 \uc774\ud574\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4e0\ub2e4. \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \uc885\uad50\uc5d0 \uadfc\uac70\ud55c \ubd84\uc7c1\uc73c\ub85c \uc624\uc778\ud558\uc790\ub294 \ub9d0\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub2e4\ub9cc (\uc54c \ucfe0\ub4dc\uc2a4<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-\uc5ed\uc8fc5'><a href='#fn-2509-\uc5ed\uc8fc5' rel='footnote'>[\uc5ed\uc8fc5]<\/a><\/sup> \uc61b \ub3c4\uc2ec\uc5d0\uc11c \ubd84\uba85\ud788 \ub4dc\ub7ec\ub098\ub4ef) \uc138 \uac1c\uc758 \uc720\uc77c\uc2e0\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2e0\uacbd\ud558\uac8c \uc5ec\uae30\ub294 \ub545\uc758 \uc8fc\uad00\uc801 \uce21\uba74\uc774 \uac16\ub294 \ubb34\uac8c\ub97c \ubb34\uc2dc\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ud558\ub78c \uc54c-\uc0e4\ub9ac\ud504<sup>Haram al-Sharif <\/sup><sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-\uc5ed\uc8fc6'><a href='#fn-2509-\uc5ed\uc8fc6' rel='footnote'>[\uc5ed\uc8fc6]<\/a><\/sup> \ub2e8\uc9c0\uac00 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ubbfc\uc871\uc5d0\uac8c \uac16\ub294 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \uc0c1\uc9d5\uc801 \uc758\ubbf8\ub97c \u2015 \uadf8\uacf3\uc5d0\uc758 \uce68\ubc94\uc740 \uc778\ud2f0\ud30c\ub2e4\uc640 \ubbf8\uc0ac\uc77c \ubc1c\uc0ac\ub97c \ucd09\ubc1c\ud55c\ub2e4 \u2015 \ub2ec\ub9ac \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uc774\ud574\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uaca0\ub294\uac00?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc885\uad50\uc801 \ucc28\uc6d0\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ud604\uc7ac \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc5d0\uc11c \ub4dd\uc138\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \u2015 \uc54c \uc544\ud06c\uc0ac \ubaa8\uc2a4\ud06c\uc758 \ud3d0\ud5c8 \uc704\uc5d0 \uc81c3\uc131\uc804\uc744<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-\uc5ed\uc8fc7'><a href='#fn-2509-\uc5ed\uc8fc7' rel='footnote'>[\uc5ed\uc8fc7]<\/a><\/sup> \uc9c0\uc73c\ub824 \ud558\ub294 \u2015 \uad11\uc2e0\uc801 \uc815\ucc29\uc790 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uacfc \uadf8\ub4e4\uc774 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc601\ud1a0\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \u2018\uc131\uc2a4\ub7ec\uc6b4\u2019 \uc9c0\uc5ed, \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \u2018\uc720\ub300\uc640 \uc0ac\ub9c8\ub9ac\uc544\u2019\ub77c\ub294 \uc131\uacbd \uc18d \uc774\ub984\uc73c\ub85c \ubd80\ub974\ub294 \uc11c\uc548\uc744 \ube7c\uc557\uc73c\ub824 \ud558\ub294 \uc774\ub370\uc62c\ub85c\uae30\uc801 \ub3d9\uae30\ub97c \uc774\ud574\ud558\ub294 \ub370\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc774 \ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc2dc\uc628\uc8fc\uc758 \uae30\ud68d\uc774 \uc885\uad50\ub97c \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc815\ubcf5, \ubcd1\ud569\uc744 \uc815\ub2f9\ud654\ud558\ub294 \uc218\ub2e8\uc73c\ub85c \uc0bc\ub294\ub2e4\uace0 \ub9d0\ud558\ub294 \uac83\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \ucda9\ubd84\uce58 \uc54a\ub2e4. \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ubbfc\uc871\uc758 \uc77c\uc0c1\uc5d0, \uc138\uacc4\uad00\uc5d0, \ud68c\ubcf5\ub825\uc5d0, \ud22c\uc7c1 \uc774\uba74\uc758 \ub3d9\uae30\uc5d0, \ub05d\ub0b4 \uc2b9\ub9ac\ud558\ub9ac\ub77c\ub294 \ud655\uc2e0\uc5d0, \uc885\uad50\uc801 \ucc28\uc6d0\uc774 \uae43\ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc788\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. \uc9d1\uc744 \ucca0\uac70 \ub2f9\ud558\uace0 \uc62c\ub9ac\ube0c \uacfc\uc218\uc6d0\uc744 \ud30c\uad34 \ub2f9\ud558\uace0 \uac00\ucd95\ub4e4\uc744 \ub3c4\ub959 \ub2f9\ud558\uace0 \uc0ac\ub791\ud558\ub294 \uc774\ub4e4\uc774 \uc0ac\ud615 \ub2f9\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uc218\uac10 \ub2f9\ud558\ub294 \uc77c\uc744 \uc544\ubb34\ub9ac \ub9ce\uc774 \uacaa\uc5b4\ub3c4, \uc5b4\ub514\uc11c \uc800\ud56d\ud560 \ud798\uc744 \uc5bb\ub290\ub0d0\uace0 \ubb3c\uc73c\uba74 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \uc190\uc744 \ub4e4\uace0 \uc704\ub97c \ubcf4\uba70 \u2018\uc2e0\uc5d0\uac8c\uc11c\u2019\ub77c\uace0 \ub2f5\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ubbff\uc74c\uc740 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc778\ub4e4\uc758 \ub048\uc9c8\uae34 \ud76c\ub9dd\uc758, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.palquest.org\/en\/highlight\/33633\/sumud\">\uc218\ubb34\ub4dc \uc815\uc2e0<\/a>\uc758 \uc6d0\ucc9c\uc774\ub2e4. \ubc88\uc5ed\ud558\uae30 \uc544\uc8fc \uc5b4\ub824\uc6b4 \ub9d0\uc778 \uc218\ubb34\ub4dc\ub294 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \uc624\ub79c \uc778\ub0b4\uc640 \ud55c \uc138\uae30\ub97c \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uc2dc\uc628\uc8fc\uc758\uc5d0\uc758 \uc800\ud56d\uc744 \uc124\uba85\ud574\uc900\ub2e4. \uc774 \ub0b4\uba74\uc758 \uac15\uc778\ud568\uc744 \uc774\ud574\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0\ub294 \uac00\uc790\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc9c0\ub09c \uc2a4\ubb3c\uc5ec\uc12f \ub2ec\uc744 \uc628\uc804\ud788 \uc774\ud574\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.diariolibre.com\/mundo\/medio-oriente\/2025\/03\/24\/periodista-hossam-shabat-lo-arriesgue-todo-para-informar-la-verdad\/3045924\">\ud64b\uc0bc \uc0e4\ubc14\ud2b8<sup>Hossam Shabat<\/sup><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/desinformemonos.org\/testamento-del-periodista-de-al-jazeera-anas-al-sharif-asesinado-por-israel-hoy\/\">\uc544\ub098\uc2a4 \uc54c-\uc0e4\ub9ac\ud504<sup>Anas Al-Sharif<\/sup><\/a> \ub4f1 \uc0b4\ud574 \ub2f9\ud55c \uc5b8\ub860\uc778\ub4e4\uc758 \uc99d\uc5b8\uc774 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc8fc\ub4ef, \uc774 \ubbff\uc74c\uc740 \uc218\ub9ce\uc740 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \uc21c\uad50\uac00 \ud574\ubc29\uc758 \uc528\uc557\uc774 \ub418\ub9ac\ub77c\uace0 \ud655\uc2e0\ucf00 \ud558\ub294 \ub0b4\uc801\uc778 \ud798\uc774\ub2e4.<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-68'><a href='#fn-2509-68' rel='footnote'>[68]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ud22c\uc7c1\uc758 \uc885\uad50\uc801 \ucc28\uc6d0\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\ub824 \ud558\ub294 \ub370\uc5d0\ub294 \uc885\uc885 \uc774\uc2ac\ub78c\ud610\uc624\uc640 \ud568\uaed8 \uac00\ub294, \uc774\uc2ac\ub78c \uc800\ud56d\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc120\uc785\uacac\ub3c4 \ud568\uc758\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc9c0\ub09c \ub450 \ud574 \ub3d9\uc548 \uc774 \uc0ac\uc548\uc740 \uc11c\uad6c \uc88c\ud30c\ub97c \ubd84\uc5f4\uc2dc\ud0a4\uba70 \ub728\uac70\uc6b4 \ub17c\uc7c1\uc744 \ucd09\ubc1c\ud588\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \uc774\ub370\uc62c\ub85c\uae30\uc801 \uacbd\uc9c1\uc131\uc740 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc744 \uadfc\ubcf8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uac00\ub974\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc138\uc18d\/\uc885\uad50\ub3c4 \uc88c\/\uc6b0\ub3c4, \ubcf4\uc218\/\uc9c4\ubcf4\ub3c4 \uc544\ub2cc \uc800\ud56d\uacfc \ubd80\uc5ed\uc774\ub77c\ub294<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-69'><a href='#fn-2509-69' rel='footnote'>[69]<\/a><\/sup>, \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ubbfc\uc871\uc8fc\uc758\uc790\ub4e0 \ub9c8\ub974\ud06c\uc2a4\uc8fc\uc758\uc790\ub4e0 \uc774\uc2ac\ub78c\uc8fc\uc758\uc790\ub4e0 \uc800\ud56d\ud558\ub294 \uc774\ub97c \uc9c0\uc9c0\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-70'><a href='#fn-2509-70' rel='footnote'>[70]<\/a><\/sup> \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc778\ub4e4\uc758 \ub9d0\uc744 \ub4e3\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4e0\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ubb38\uc81c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc800\uc791\uc774\ub098 \ucd9c\ud310\ubb3c \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc5d0 \uc885\uad50\uc801 \ucc28\uc6d0\uc774 \ube60\uc838 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc584\ub77c\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ub300\uc758\uc5d0 \ub610 \ud55c \uac00\uc9c0 \ubd80\uc815\uc801\uc778 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\uce5c\ub2e4. \uae30\ub3c5\uad50 \ubb38\ud654\uac00 \uc9c0\ubc30\uc801\uc778 \uc774\uacf3\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ubbfc\uc871\uc758 \uc77c\uc6d0\uc778 \uc120\uc8fc\ubbfc \uae30\ub3c5\uad50\uc778, \uae30\ub3c5\uad50 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\uc758 \uc874\uc7ac\ub97c \uac70\uc758 \uc54c\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\ub294\ub370, \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \ud55c \uc138\uae30\ub97c \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uc2dc\uc628\uc8fc\uc758\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc800\ud56d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud574 \uc654\uc73c\uba70 \ub610\ud55c \ub2e4\uc218\uc778 \ubb34\uc2ac\ub9bc\uacfc \ud3c9\ud654\ub86d\uac8c \uacf5\uc874\ud574 \uc654\ub2e4.<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-71'><a href='#fn-2509-71' rel='footnote'>[71]<\/a><\/sup> \uc774\ub7f0 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uae30\ub3c5\uad50\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \uc2dc\uc628\uc8fc\uc758 \uc120\uc804\uac00\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c\ub294 \ubd88\ud3b8\ud55c \uc874\uc7ac\ub2e4. \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc774 \ud3ed\ub825\uc801\uc778 \uc774\uc2ac\ub78c\uc5d0 \ub9de\uc11c \uc11c\uad6c \uc720\ub300-\uae30\ub3c5\uad50 \ubb38\uba85\uc744 \uc218\ud638\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uc2dc\uc628\uc8fc\uc758 \uc11c\uc0ac\ub97c \ub4a4\uc9d1\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38, \uce68\ubb35\ud558\uace0 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc5d0 \uacf5\ubaa8\ud558\ub294 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kairospalestine.ps\/images\/A_Call_for_Repentance__An_Open_Letter_from_Palestinian_Christians_1.pdf\">\uc11c\uad6c \uad50\ud68c\ub4e4\uc774 \ub9f9\ub82c\ud55c \ube44\ud310\uc744 \ubc1b\uac8c \ud558\uae30<\/a> \ub54c\ubb38, \uae30\ub3c5\uad50 \uc2dc\uc628\uc8fc\uc758\uac00 \ub545\uacfc \uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc\uc871\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ub450 \uac1c\uc758 \ud574\uc11d\uc801 \uc5f4\uc1f3\ub9d0\uc5d0 \uae30\ubc18\ud55c <a href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/@blessedarethebinarybreakers\/decolonizing-palestine-2023-by-mitri-raheb-a-palestinian-christians-call-for-a-theological-d37853ea6d2f\">\ud0c8\uc2dd\ubbfc<\/a>\u00b7\ud574\ubc29 \uc2e0\ud559\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \ub9de\uc11c\uc57c \ud560 \u2018\uc81c\uad6d\uc758 \uc2e0\ud559\u2019\uc784\uc744 \ud3ed\ub85c\ud558\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4.<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-72'><a href='#fn-2509-72' rel='footnote'>[72]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">BDS \uc6b4\ub3d9 \ub04c\uc5b4\uc548\uae30<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>BDS \uc6b4\ub3d9 \uacf5\ub3d9\ucc3d\ub9bd\uc790 \uc624\ub9c8\ub974 \ubc14\ub974\uad6c\ud2f0<sup>Omar Barghouti<\/sup>\ub294 2017\ub144\uc5d0 \ub9c8\ub4dc\ub9ac\ub4dc\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5b4\ub290 \ud65c\ub3d9\uac00 \ubaa8\uc784\uc744 \ub9cc\ub098 \uc774\ub807\uac8c \ub9d0\ud588\ub2e4. \u2018\uc0c1\uc9d5\uc801 \uc5f0\ub300\ub97c \ud558\uae30\uc5d0\ub294, \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc774\uc81c \uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \uc5c6\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\u2019 8\ub144\uc774 \uc9c0\ub09c \u2015 \uadf8 \uc911 \ub450 \ud574\ub294 \uac15\ub3c4 \ub192\uc740 \uc778\uc885\ud559\uc0b4\uc774 \ubc8c\uc5b4\uc84c\ub2e4 \u2015 \uc9c0\uae08, \ud6a8\uacfc\uc801\uc778 \uc5f0\ub300\ub97c \ud5a5\ud55c \uc9c8\uc801 \ub3c4\uc57d\uc774 \uadf8 \uc5b4\ub290 \ub54c\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub3c4 \uc2dc\uae09\ud558\ub2e4. \uc624\uc9c1 \ubcf4\uc774\ucf67, \ud22c\uc790\ucca0\ud68c, \uc81c\uc7ac, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uad6d\uc81c\uc801 \uace0\ub9bd\ub9cc\uc774 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc774 \ud604\uc0c1 \uc720\uc9c0\uc758 \ub300\uac00\ub97c \uac10\ub2f9\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4e4 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\ub97c \uc704\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc804\uc120\uc5d0\uc11c BDS \ucea0\ud398\uc778\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud558\uace0 \uc5ed\ub0b4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub098 \uad6d\uc81c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub098 \uc804\uc120\ub4e4\uc744 \uc5f0\uacb0\ud574 \uc9c0\uc18d\uc801\uc774\uace0 \ud6a8\uacfc\uc801\uc778 \uc555\ubc15\uc744 \uac00\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774\ub7f0 \uae38\uc744 \ud0dd\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uac70\uc9d3\ub41c \u2018\ud3c9\ud654 \uc808\ucc28\u2019 \ud328\ub7ec\ub2e4\uc784\uc744 \uc601\uc6d0\ud788 \ubb3b\uc5b4\ubc84\ub9b0\ub2e4\ub294 \ub73b\uc774\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\ub2e4. \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uacfc \ud611\uc0c1\uc744 \ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc801\uc5b4\ub3c4 \uc9c0\uae08 \uc870\uac74\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ubd88\uac00\ub2a5\ud558\ub2e4. \ub2e8\uc9c0 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uacfc \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc778\ub4e4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uc5c4\uccad\ub09c \ubd88\uade0\ud615 \ub54c\ubb38\ub9cc\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \ub610\ud55c \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc774 \ud611\uc0c1\uc5d0 \ubd88\uc131\uc2e4\ud558\uac8c \uc784\ud558\uace0 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ud611\uc0c1\ub2e8\uc744 \uc0b4\ud574\ud558\uace0 \ud55c \uce58\ub3c4 \uc591\ubcf4\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\ub824 \ub4e4\uace0 \uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c \uc11c\uba85\ud55c <a href=\"https:\/\/palestinenexus.com\/articles\/a-history-of-ceasefire-talks-between-israel-and-hamas\">\ud611\uc0c1\uc870\ucc28 \uc9c0\ud0a4\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newarab.com\/analysis\/israels-long-history-rejecting-peace-palestinians\">\uc624\ub79c \uc804\uc801<\/a>\uc774 \uc788\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4.<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-73'><a href='#fn-2509-73' rel='footnote'>[73]<\/a><\/sup> \uc800 \u2018\uc720\ub300 \uad6d\uac00\u2019\ub294 \u2018\uc5d0\ub808\uce20 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8<sup>Eretz Israel<\/sup>(\uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc758 \ub545) \uadf8 \uc5b4\ub514\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uad6d\uac00\uc758 \uc874\uc7ac\ub97c \ud5c8\ub77d\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc744 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc758 \ud604 \ud30c\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc815\uad8c\uc774 \ubbf8\ub798\uc5d0 \ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc911\ub3c4\uc801\uc778 \uc815\uad8c\uc73c\ub85c \ub300\uccb4\ub41c\ub2e4 \ud55c\ub4e4, \uac89\ubcf4\uae30\ub9cc \ub2ec\ub77c\uc9c8 \ubfd0\uc77c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-74'><a href='#fn-2509-74' rel='footnote'>[74]<\/a><\/sup> \ubc14\ub85c \uadf8\ub807\uae30\uc5d0, \ub0a8\uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74 \ubbfc\uc911\uc774 \uac04 \uae38\uc744 \uc887\uc544 \uc5f0\ub300\ub97c \uc870\uc9c1\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4 \u2015 \ub300\ub300\uc801\uc778 \uc81c\uc7ac\uc640 \uad6d\uc81c\uc801 \uc555\ub825, \uace0\ub9bd\uc774 \ub0a8\uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74\ub97c \ud30c\ub9ac\uc544<sup>pariah<\/sup> \uad6d\uac00\ub85c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4\uba74, \uc778\uc885\uc8fc\uc758 \uc815\uad8c\uc740 \ub12c\uc2a8 \ub9cc\ub378\ub77c \uc11d\ubc29\uacfc \uc544\ud30c\ub974\ud2b8\ud5e4\uc774\ud2b8 \ucca0\ud3d0\uc5d0 \uc751\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc744 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ube0c\ub77c\uc9c8\uc5d0\uc11c \uc548\ub4dc\ub808\uc0ac \uc62c\ub9ac\ube44\uc5d0\ub77c \uc18c\uc544\ub808\uc2a4<sup>Andressa Oliveira Soares<\/sup>\uac00 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc5f0\ub300\ub97c \uc704\ud574 \ub0b4\ub9b0 \ucc98\ubc29\uc740 \uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc584\ub77c \uc804\uc5ed\uc5d0 \uc801\uc6a9\ub41c\ub2e4. \u2018\uc804\uc9c4\uc744 \uc704\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \ub354\uc6b1 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \uad50\ucc28\uc801 \uc870\uc9c1\ud654, \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569, \ud559\uc0dd\uc6b4\ub3d9, \ud658\uacbd \ubc0f \uc601\ud1a0\ubcf4\ud638<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-\uc5ed\uc8fc8'><a href='#fn-2509-\uc5ed\uc8fc8' rel='footnote'>[\uc5ed\uc8fc8]<\/a><\/sup> \ub2e8\uccb4\ub4e4\uacfc\uc758 \uc9c0\uc18d\uc801\uc778 \ud611\ub825, \uafb8\uc900\ud55c \uc815\ubd80 \uc555\ubc15, \uc5ed\ub0b4 \ud611\ub825 \uac15\ud654, \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8 \ud504\ub85c\ud30c\uac04\ub2e4\ub97c \ud574\uccb4\uc2dc\ud0ac \uacf5\uad50\uc721 \uc804\ub7b5\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ud558\ub2e4.\u2019<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-75'><a href='#fn-2509-75' rel='footnote'>[75]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uc5ed\uc0ac\ub294 \uc544\uc9c1 \ub05d\ub098\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ub300\uc758\ub294 \uc9c0\uae08 \u2018\uad6d\uc81c \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\u2019\uac00 \ub610 \ud55c \ubc88 \ubc30\uc2e0\ud55c \u2015 \ud569\uc911\uad6d\uacfc \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc5d0\uc11c \uace0\uc548\ud55c \uc81c\uad6d-\uc2dd\ubbfc\uc801 \uac00\uc790 \uacc4\ud68d\uc744 <a href=\"https:\/\/mondoweiss.net\/2025\/11\/the-un-embraces-colonialism-unpacking-the-security-councils-mandate-for-the-u-s-colonial-administration-of-gaza\/\">UN\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2b9\uc778<\/a>\ud55c \u2015 \ub370 \ub530\ub978, \uac00\uc7a5 \ubd88\ud655\uc2e4\ud55c \uad6d\uba74\uc744 \ub9c8\uc8fc\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ub2e4\uc2dc \ud55c \ubc88 \ub9d0\ud558\uac74\ub300, \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ubbfc\uc871\uc740 \uc790\uc2e0\ub4e4\uc758 \ud574\ubc29\uacfc \uc790\uacb0\uad8c\uc740 \uac08\uc218\ub85d \uc815\ub2f9\uc131\uc744 \uc783\uc5b4\uac00\ub294 \ud0c0\ub77d\ud55c \uad6d\uc81c \uccb4\uc81c\uc5d0\uc11c \ub098\uc624\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc744 \uac83\uc784\uc744 \ubd84\uba85\ud788 \ub9d0\ud55c \ubc14 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc624\ud788\ub824 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740, \uc815\uc758, \uc774\uc131, \uc5ed\uc0ac\uac00 \uc790\uc2e0\ub4e4\uc758 \ud3b8\uc784\uc744, \uc2dc\uc628\uc8fc\uc758 \uae30\ud68d\uc5d0\ub294 \ubbf8\ub798\uac00 \uc5c6\uc74c\uc744 \uc54c\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ubb34\uc5c7\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub3c4 \uc9c0\ub09c \ub450 \ud574 \ub3d9\uc548 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \uc804 \uc138\uacc4 \ubbfc\uc911\ub4e4\uc774 \uc790\uc2e0\ub4e4\uc744 \uc9c0\uc9c0\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ubc30\uc6e0\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774 \uc810\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4\uba74 \uadf8 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ubd84\uc11d\uc774\ub098 \uc608\uce21\ub3c4 \uc628\uc804\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4. \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ubbfc\uc871\uc774 \ud55c \uc138\uae30\uac00 \ub118\ub3c4\ub85d \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc801, \uc778\uc885\ud559\uc0b4\uc801 \uc2dc\uc628\uc8fc\uc758 \uae30\ud68d\uc5d0 \uc800\ud56d\ud558\uba70 \uc785\uc99d\ud55c \uc5b4\ub9c8\uc5b4\ub9c8\ud55c \ub3c4\ub355\uc801, \uc601\uc801 \uc800\ub825\uc740 \ub9d0\ud560 \uac83\ub3c4 \uc5c6\ub2e4. \ubc18\ubcf5\ub418\ub294 \ubc30\uc2e0\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uaebe\uc774\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ubbfc\uc871\uc758 \ubd88\uad74\uc758 \uc815\uc2e0\uc744 \uac00\uae4c\uc774\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9c0\ucf1c\ubcf8, \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \uc62c\ub9ac\ube0c \ub098\ubb34 \uc544\ub798\uc5d0\uc11c \ud639\uc740 \ud5c8\ubb3c\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \uc9d1\ub4e4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\uc11c \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \ub208\uc744 \ubc14\ub77c\ubcf4\uace0 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \ub9d0\uc744 \ub4e3\uace0 \uadf8\ub4e4\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \uc6c3\uace0 \uadf8\ub4e4\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \ub9c8\ub77c\ubbf8\uc57c<sup>maramiya<\/sup>(\uc138\uc774\uc9c0) \ucc28\ub97c \ub9c8\uc2e0 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc54c\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4, \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \uacc4\uc18d\ud574\uc11c \uc800\ud56d\ud558\uace0 \uacb0\ucf54 \ubc31\uae30\ub97c \ub4e4\uac70\ub098 \ud56d\ubcf5\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc744 \ubbfc\uc871\uc784\uc744 \u2015 \ub610\ud55c \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \ud76c\ub9dd\uc744 \uc783\ub294 \uc0ac\uce58\ub97c \ubd80\ub9b4 \ucc98\uc9c0\uac00 \uc544\ub2d8\uc744. \uadf8\ub4e4\uc774 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc5d0\uac8c\uc11c, \uc804 \uc138\uacc4 \ubbfc\uc911\uc5d0\uac8c\uc11c \ud544\uc694\ub85c \ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ubc14\ub85c \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc744 \ubc84\ub9ac\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc774 \uc790\uc720\ub85c\uc6cc\uc9c8 \ub54c\uae4c\uc9c0 \uadf8\ub4e4\uacfc \ud568\uaed8\ud560 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc80a\uc740 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc778 \ub450 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc758 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ub97c \uc9c1\uc811 \ub4e4\uc5b4\ubcf4\uc790.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uce74\uc0bc \ubb34\uc544\ub514<sup>Qassam Muaddi<\/sup>(\uc5b8\ub860\uc778\u00b7\uc791\uac00, \ub77c\ub9d0\ub77c) \u2015 \u2018\uc774\uac83\uc774 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ub05d\ub0a0\uc9c0\ub294 \uc138\uacc4\uc758 \ub098\uba38\uc9c0\uc5d0 \ub2ec\ub838\ub2e4. \uc11c\uad6c \uc5f4\uac15\uc740 \uc5b8\uc81c\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc774 \uc2dc\uc628\uc8fc\uc758 \uc2dd\ubbfc \uae30\ud68d\uc744 \uace0\uc218\ud560 \uac83\uc778\uac00 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \uc5b8\uc81c\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc774 \uc138\uac8c\uc5d0 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ubbfc\uc871\uc758 \uc790\ub9ac\ub294 \uc5c6\ub2e4\uace0 \uc6b0\uae38 \uac83\uc778\uac00? \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc740 \uc790\uc720\ub85c\uc6cc\uc9c8 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc5b8\uc81c \uc790\uc720\ub85c\uc6cc\uc9c0\ub290\ub0d0\ub9cc\uc774 \ubb38\uc81c\uc77c \ubfd0\uc774\ub2e4. [\u2026] \uadf8 \ub610\ud55c \uc774\ubbf8 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uac83\uc744 \uc3df\uc544\ubd80\uc740 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub9cc\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc138\uacc4\uc758 \ub098\uba38\uc9c0\uc5d0 \ub2ec\ub838\ub2e4. [\u2026] \uac70\ub9ac\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc9c4 \uc758\uc2dd<sup>awareness<\/sup>\uc774 \uc9c4\uc9dc\uc774\uae30\ub97c, \uc138\uacc4 \ubbfc\uc911\ub4e4\uc774 \uc624\uc2ac\ub85c\uc5d0 \uc18d\uc558\ub358 \uac83\ucc98\ub7fc \ub610 \ud55c \ubc88 \uc18d\uc9c0\ub294 \uc54a\uae30\ub97c \ubc14\ub780\ub2e4. \uc0ac\ubc29\uc5d0\uc11c \uc19f\uad6c\uce5c \uc5f0\ub300\uac00 \ub3cc\uc774\ud0ac \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uae30\ub97c, \uc778\uc885\ud559\uc0b4\uc774 \ucd09\ubc1c\ud55c \ubcc0\ud654\uac00 \uba48\ucd94\uae30 \uc54a\uae30\ub97c \ubc14\ub780\ub2e4. \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\ub9cc\uc744 \uc704\ud574\uc11c\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc804 \uc778\ub958\ub97c \uc704\ud574\uc11c.\u2019<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-76'><a href='#fn-2509-76' rel='footnote'>[76]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774\uc2a4\ub77c \ub9cc\uc218\ub974<sup>Israa Mansour<\/sup>(\uc791\uac00\u00b7\ud559\uc0dd, \uac00\uc790) \u2015 \u2018\uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc774 \ub545\uc758 \uc544\ub4e4\ub538\uc774\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc800\ud56d\uc740 \uc120\ud0dd\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \uc219\uba85\uc784\uc744 \ubc30\uc6e0\ub2e4. [\u2026] \uac00\uc790\uc5d0\uc11c \ud76c\ub9dd\uc740 \uc120\ud0dd\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ud558\ub8e8\ud558\ub8e8 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub97c \uc0b4\uc544 \uc788\uac8c \ud558\ub294 \ud798\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774 \ub545\uc774, \uadf8 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ud30c\uad34\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0, \uc5b8\uc820\uac00 \ub2e4\uc2dc \ud55c \ubc88 \ubc88\uc131\ud558\ub9ac\ub77c\uace0 \ubbff\ub294 \uc77c\uc774\ub2e4. \ud3ed\uaca9\uae30\uac00 \ubb3c\ub7ec\uac00\uace0 \ud3ed\uc74c\uc740 \uadf8\uc800 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc190\uc8fc\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc800\ud56d\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\ub97c \ub4e4\ub824 \uc904 \ub54c \uc800 \uba40\ub9ac\uc11c \ub5a0\uc62c\ub9b4 \uae30\uc5b5\uc774 \ub418\ub9ac\ub77c\uace0 \ubbff\ub294 \uc77c\uc774\ub2e4. [\u2026] \uc9d1 \ud55c \ucc44 \ube60\uc9d0 \uc5c6\uc774 \ubaa8\ub450 \ud5c8\ubb3c\uc5b4\uc9c4\ub300\ub3c4 \uac00\uc790\ub294 \ub0a8\uc744 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac \uac00\uc2b4\uc5d0, \uc6b0\ub9ac \ud53c\uc5d0, \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc4f4 \ud55c \ub9c8\ub514 \ud55c \ub9c8\ub514\uc5d0. \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \uc6b4\uba85\uc740 \ud328\ubc30\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc778\uac04\uc758 \ud798, \uc804\uc7c1\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub3c4 \uac15\ud55c \ud798\uc744 \uc99d\uc5b8\ud558\ub294 \uc601\uc6d0\ud55c \uc99d\uc778\uc774 \ub418\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uae00\uc744 \ub9c8\uce58\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc78a\uc9c0 \ub9c8\uc2dc\ub77c \u2015 \uc5ed\uc0ac\ub294 \uc544\uc9c1 \ub05d\ub098\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4.<sup class='md_footnote_rn' id='fnref-2509-77'><a href='#fn-2509-77' rel='footnote'>[77]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uc8fc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-1'><a href='#fnref-2509-1'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>1<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> \uc584\ub77c<sup>yalla<\/sup>\ub294 \uc544\ub78d\uc5b4\uc5d0\uc11c \u2018\uac00\uc790\u2019, \u2018\uc5bc\ub978\u2019, \u2018\uc11c\ub458\ub7ec\u2019 \uac19\uc740 \ub9d0\uc744 \ud560 \ub54c \uc4f0\uc774\ub294 \uc77c\uc0c1 \uc5b4\ud718\ub85c, \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ubc29\uc5b8\uc5d0\uc11c \uc4f0\uc778\ub2e4. \uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc584\ub77c<sup>Abya Yala<\/sup>\ub294 \ud30c\ub098\ub9c8, \ucf5c\ub86c\ube44\uc544 \uc120\uc8fc\ubbfc\uc778 \ucfe0\ub098<sup>Kuna<\/sup>\uc871\uc5d0\uc11c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=EVjNwiLOnQg\">\ub098\uc628<\/a> \ub9d0\ub85c \u2018\uc0dd\uba85\uc758 \ud53c\uc758 \ub545\u2019\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ub73b\uc774\uba70 \uc120\uc8fc\ubbfc \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\ub4e4\uacfc \uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74 \ub300\ub959\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uadf8 \ub3d9\ub9f9\ub4e4\uc774 \ub0a8\ubd81 \uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74\ub97c \uac00\ub9ac\ucf1c \uc4f4\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-2'><a href='#fnref-2509-2'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>2<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> Sabini Fern\u00e1ndez, L. (2022) <em>ONU 1947: Uruguay en el origen de Israel<\/em>. Montevideo: Ediciones I Libri. See also: Ramos Tolosa, J. (2012) \u2018El primer fracaso de la ONU en Palestina: el \u201cplan de partici\u00f3n\u201d, Pablo de Azc\u00e1rate y la Comisi\u00f3n de Palestina\u2019. Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia. <a href=\"https:\/\/dialnet.unirioja.es\/servlet\/articulo?codigo=4721952\">https:\/\/dialnet.unirioja.es\/servlet\/articulo?codigo=4721952<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-3'><a href='#fnref-2509-3'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>3<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> \ubcfc\ub9ac\ube44\uc544, \ube0c\ub77c\uc9c8, \ucf54\uc2a4\ud0c0\ub9ac\uce74, \ub3c4\ubbf8\ub2c8\uce74 \uacf5\ud654\uad6d, \uc5d0\ucf70\ub3c4\ub974, \uacfc\ud14c\ub9d0\ub77c, \uc544\uc774\ud2f0, \ub2c8\uce74\ub77c\uacfc, \ud30c\ub098\ub9c8, \ud30c\ub77c\uacfc\uc774, \ud398\ub8e8, \uc6b0\ub8e8\uacfc\uc774, \ubca0\ub124\uc218\uc5d8\ub77c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-4'><a href='#fnref-2509-4'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>4<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> \uc544\ub974\ud5e8\ud2f0\ub098, \ucf5c\ub86c\ube44\uc544, \uce60\ub808, \uc5d8\uc0b4\ubc14\ub3c4\ub974, \uc628\ub450\ub77c\uc2a4, \uba55\uc2dc\ucf54.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-5'><a href='#fnref-2509-5'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>5<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> 1949\ub144 5\uc6d4\uc5d0 17\uac1c \ub77c\ud2f4\uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74 \uad6d\uac00\ub294 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc744 \uad6d\uc81c\uc5f0\ud569 \uc815\ud68c\uc6d0\uad6d\uc73c\ub85c \uc2b9\uc778\ud558\ub294 UN \uc77c\ubc18\ucd1d\ud68c \uacb0\uc758\uc548 273\ud638\uc5d0 \ucc2c\uc131\ud588\ub2e4. 1950\ub144 \ucd08\uae4c\uc9c0 \ubaa8\ub450 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uacfc \uc678\uad50\uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uc218\ub9bd\ud588\ub2e4. Baeza, C. (2012) \u2018Am\u00e9rica Latina y la cuesti\u00f3n palestina (194\u2013-2012)\u2019. <em>Araucaria. Revista Iberoamericana de Filosof\u00eda, Pol\u00edtica y Humanidades<\/em> 14(28): 111\u2013131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-6'><a href='#fnref-2509-6'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>6<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> Munck, R. and Pozzi, P. (2019) \u2018Israel, Palestine, and Latin America: Conflictual Relationships (Introduction)\u2019. <em>Latin American Perspectives<\/em> 46(3): 4\u201312.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-7'><a href='#fnref-2509-7'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>7<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> Ibarluc\u00eda, M. (2017) <em>Israel, Estado de conquista<\/em> (2nd. expanded edition). Buenos Aires: Editorial Cana\u00e1n, p. 29.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-8'><a href='#fnref-2509-8'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>8<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> \uc138\uc2e4\ub9ac\uc544 \ubc14\uc5d0\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74 1995\ub144 \ubc18\ub465 \ud68c\uc758\uc5d0 \ucc38\uc5ec\ud55c \ub77c\ud2f4\uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74 \uad6d\uac00\ub294 \uc5c6\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70 1961\ub144 \ube44\ub3d9\ub9f9 \uc6b4\ub3d9 \ucc3d\ub9bd\uc5d0 \ucc38\uc5ec\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \ucfe0\ubc14 \ubfd0\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. Baeza, C. (2017). \u2018Latin America\u2019s turn to the right: implications for Palestine\u2019, 13 January. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/north-africa-west-asia\/latin-america-s-turn-to-right-implications-for-palestine\/\">https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/north-africa-west-asia\/latin-america-s-turn-to-right-implications-for-palestine\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-9'><a href='#fnref-2509-9'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>9<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> \ucfe0\ubc14 \ub300\ud45c \uc5d0\ub974\ub124\uc2a4\ud1a0 \ub514\ud788\uace0<sup>Ernesto Dihigo<\/sup>\ub294 \uc608\uc678\uc600\ub294\ub370, \uadf8\ub294 \ubc1c\ud478\ub974 \uc120\uc5b8\uc5d0\uc11c \ub300\uc601\uc81c\uad6d\uc740 \uc2dc\uc628\uc8fc\uc758 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc5d0 \uc81c \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2cc \uc601\ud1a0\ub97c \uc8fc\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70 \ubd84\ud560\uc548\uc740 UN \ud5cc\uc7a5\uc774 \ucc9c\uba85\ud55c \uc790\uae30\uacb0\uc815\uad8c\uc5d0 \ubc18\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\uba70 \ubc18\ub300\ud45c\ub97c \ub358\uc84c\ub2e4. Wadi, R. (2021) \u2018Latin America, the 1947 UN Partition Plan, and decolonization\u2019, 29 November. <a href=\"https:\/\/mondoweiss.net\/2021\/11\/latin-america-the-1947-un-partition-plan-and-decolonization\/\">https:\/\/mondoweiss.net\/2021\/11\/latin-america-the-1947-un-partition-plan-and-decolonization\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-10'><a href='#fnref-2509-10'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>10<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> \uc544\ub2c8\ubc1c \ud0a4\ud558\ub178<sup>An\u00edbal Quijano<\/sup>, \uc648\ud130 \ubbf8\ub1f0\ub85c<sup>Walter Mignolo<\/sup>, \ub9c8\ub9ac\uc544 \ub8e8\uace0\ub124\uc2a4<sup>Mar\u00eda Lugones<\/sup>, \uc5d4\ub9ac\ucf00 \ub450\uc140<sup>Enrique Dussell<\/sup> \ub4f1. \uc608\ub85c \ub2e4\uc74c\uc744 \ubcf4\ub77c. Castro-G\u00f3mez, S. and Grosfoguel, R. (2007) <em>El giro decolonial. Reflexiones para una diversidad epist\u00e9mica m\u00e1s all\u00e1 del capitalismo global<\/em>. Bogot\u00e1: Siglo del Hombre Editores. <a href=\"http:\/\/observatorioedhemfoc.hospedagemdesites.ws\/observatorio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/El-giro-decolonial-1.pdf\">http:\/\/observatorioedhemfoc.hospedagemdesites.ws\/observatorio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/El-giro-decolonial-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-11'><a href='#fnref-2509-11'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>11<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> \uc138\uc2e4\ub9ac\uc544 \ubc14\uc5d0\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ub514\uc544\uc2a4\ud3ec\ub77c\ub294 [\ub77c\ud2f4\uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74 \ub300\ub959\uc758] \uc720\ub300\uc778 \uc778\uad6c\uc640 \ub300\ub7b5 \ub9de\uba39\ub294 \uc218\ub85c, \uc8fc\ub85c \uce60\ub808(\uc57d 40\ub9cc \uba85)\uc640 \uc628\ub450\ub77c\uc2a4(12\ub9cc \uba85)\uc5d0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-12'><a href='#fnref-2509-12'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>12<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> \ud074\ub77c\uc6b0\ub514\uc544 \uce74\ub864\ub9ac\ub098 \uace4\uc0b4\ub808\uc2a4 \uce74\ube0c\ub808\ub77c<sup>Claudia Karolina Gonz\u00e1lez Cabrera<\/sup>\uc758 \ud559\uc704 \ub17c\ubb38 \u300c1948-2020\ub144\uac04 \ub77c\ud2f4\uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ub09c\ubbfc\u00b7\uc774\uc8fc\ubbfc\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubb38\ud5cc \uace0\ucc30<sup>Migrantes palestinos en Am\u00e9rica Latina. 1948-2020. Una revisi\u00f3n bibliogr\u00e1fica<\/sup>\uc5d0 \uc774 \uc8fc\uc81c\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ubb38\ud5cc \ubaa9\ub85d\uc774 \uc2e4\ub824 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-13'><a href='#fnref-2509-13'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>13<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \uc624\uc2a4\ub9cc \uce58\ud558 \ub300\uc2dc\ub9ac\uc544\uc5d0\uc11c \uac74\ub108 \uc628 <a href=\"https:\/\/untref.edu.ar\/muntref\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Del-Mediterra%25CC%2581neo-oriental-al-Plata-.pdf\">\uc2dc\ub9ac\uc544-\ub808\ubc14\ub17c \uc774\uc8fc \ubb3c\uacb0<\/a>\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80\ub97c \ud615\uc131\ud588\ub2e4. 1\ucc28 \uc138\uacc4 \ub300\uc804 \ubc1c\uce78 \uc804\uc7c1\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc624\uc2a4\ub9cc\ud280\ub974\ud0a4\uc608 \ud328\uc804, \uac15\uc81c \uc9d5\uc9d1 \ub4f1\uc774 \ub354\ud574\uc9c4 \ubab0\ub77d\ud558\ub294 \uc81c\uad6d\uc758 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \ubd88\uc548\uc740, \ud2b9\ud788 \uae30\ub3c5\uad50\ub3c4 \uc544\ub974\uba54\ub2c8\uc544\uc778 \uc778\uc885\ud559\uc0b4 \uc774\ud6c4\ub85c, \ubbfc\uc871\uc801\u00b7\uc885\uad50\uc801 \uc18c\uc218\uc790\ub4e4\uc744 \uc704\ud5d8\uc5d0 \ubab0\uc544 \ub123\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub610 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \ubd95\uad34 \uc694\uc18c\ub294 \uc601\ud1a0 \ubd84\ud560\uc744 \uc870\uc7a5\ud558\uace0 \uae30\ub9cc\uc801, \ubaa8\uc21c\uc801 \uc2e0\uc758\ub97c \uc57d\uc18d\ud558\uba74\uc11c 1916\ub144 \uc0ac\uc774\ud06c\uc2a4-\ud53c\ucf54 \ud611\uc815\uc73c\ub85c \ubab0\ub798 \uc790\uae30\ub4e4\ub07c\ub9ac \ub300\uc2dc\ub9ac\uc544 \uc601\ud1a0\ub97c \ub098\ub204\uc5b4 \uac00\uc9c4 \uc2dd\ubbfc \uc5f4\uac15(\ud2b9\ud788 \uc601\uad6d\uacfc \ud504\ub791\uc2a4)\uc758 \uac1c\uc785\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. [\uc0ac\uc774\ud06c\uc2a4-\ud53c\ucf54 \ud611\uc815\uc740 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \uc81c\uad6d\uacfc \uc774\ud0c8\ub9ac\uc544\uc758 \ub3d9\uc758 \ud558\uc5d0 \ub300\uc601\uc81c\uad6d\uacfc \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uac00 \uc624\uc2a4\ub9cc \uc81c\uad6d\uc758 \uc601\ud1a0\ub97c \ub098\ub204\uc5b4 \uac16\uae30\ub85c \ud55c \ud611\uc815\uc73c\ub85c, 1917\ub144 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \ud601\uba85\uc5d0 \uc131\uacf5\ud55c \ubcfc\uc170\ube44\ud0a4 \uc815\uad8c\uc5d0\uc11c \uacf5\uac1c\ud588\ub2e4. \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc744 \uc601\uad6d\uc758 \uc704\uc784\ud1b5\uce58\ub839\uc73c\ub85c \uc9c0\uc815\ud55c 1920\ub144 \uc0b0\ub808\ubaa8 \ud68c\uc758\uc758 \uacb0\uc815\uc740 \uc774 \ud611\uc815\uc744 \uacc4\uc2b9\ud55c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-14'><a href='#fnref-2509-14'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>14<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> [\ub77c\ub9d0\ub77c\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uae30\ub3c5\uad50\uc778 \uac70\uc8fc \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc778] \ud0c0\uc774\ubca0<sup>Taybeh<\/sup> \ucd9c\uc2e0\uc758 \ud55c \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uccad\ub144\uc740 \uacfc\ud14c\ub9d0\ub77c\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uc0ac\ub294 \uce5c\ucc99\uc744 \ubc29\ubb38\ud588\ub2e4\uac00 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \uc9d1\uc774 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8 \ubcf4\uc548 \ud68c\uc0ac\uc758 \uacbd\ube44\ub97c \ubc1b\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ubcf4\uace0 \ubc1b\uc740 \ucda9\uaca9\uc744 \ub4e4\ub824\uc8fc\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub9c8\uc57c\uc778 \uc778\uc885\ud559\uc0b4\uc744 \uc800\uc9c0\ub978 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elsaltodiario.com\/revista-pueblos\/una-amistad-perdura-relaciones-historicas-guatemala-israel\">\ub3c5\uc7ac\uc790 \uc5d0\ud504\ub77c\uc778 \ub9ac\uc624\uc2a4 \ubaac\ud2b8<sup>Efra\u00edn R\u00edos Montt<\/sup><\/a>\ub97c \ubb34\uc7a5\uc2dc\ud0a4\uace0 \uc790\ubb38\ud558\uace0 \ud6c8\ub828\uc2dc\ud0a8 \uac83\uc774 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc784\uc744 \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uba74 \ub354\ub354\uc6b1 \uc544\uc774\ub7ec\ub2c8\ud558\ub2e4. Lowenstein, L. (2023) <em>The Palestine Laboratory: How Israel Exports the Technology of Occupation Around the World<\/em>. Verso. Cited in Claramunt, F. (2025) \u2018Gaza, un genocidio de exportaci\u00f3n, 30 May. <a href=\"https:\/\/brecha.com.uy\/gaza-un-genocidio-de-exportacion\/\">https:\/\/brecha.com.uy\/gaza-un-genocidio-de-exportacion\/<\/a> \ucc38\uace0. \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uacfc \uacfc\ud14c\ub9d0\ub77c\uc758 \uae34\ubc00\ud55c \uad00\uacc4\ub294 80\ub144 \uc804\uc73c\ub85c \uac70\uc2ac\ub7ec \uc62c\ub77c\uac00\uba70, \uc9c4\ubcf4\uc801\uc778 \ud604 \ubca0\ub974\ub098\ub974\ub3c4 \uc544\ub808\ubc1c\ub85c<sup>Bernardo Ar\u00e9valo<\/sup>(1947\ub144\uc5d0 \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\uc774\uc5c8\ub358 \ud6c4\ud55c \ud638\uc138 \uc544\ub808\ubc1c\ub85c<sup>Juan Jos\u00e9 Ar\u00e9valo<\/sup>\uc758 \uc544\ub4e4\uc774\ub2e4) \uc815\uad8c\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-15'><a href='#fnref-2509-15'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>15<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> Baeza, C. (2012) Op. cit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-16'><a href='#fnref-2509-16'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>16<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> \ub2c8\uce74\ub77c\uacfc\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \uc785\uc7a5\uc740 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc774 \uc544\ub098\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc2dc\uc624 \uc18c\ubaa8\uc0ac \ub370\ubc14\uc77c\ub808<sup>Anastasio Somoza Debayle<\/sup> \ub3c5\uc7ac \uc815\uad8c\uc744, \uc774\uc5b4\uc11c \ud601\uba85\uc801\uc778 \uc0b0\ub514\ub2c8\uc2a4\ud0c0 \uc815\ubd80 \uc804\ubcf5\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \uc2f8\uc6e0\ub358 \ucf58\ud2b8\ub77c \ubc18\uad70<sup>Contras<\/sup>\uc744 \uc9c0\uc6d0\ud55c \uac83\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc124\uba85\ub41c\ub2e4. \uc18c\ubaa8\uc0ac \ub370\ubc14\uc77c\ub808\uc758 \uc544\ubc84\uc9c0 \uc544\ub098\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc2dc\uc624 \uc18c\ubaa8\uc0ac \uac00\ub974\uc2dc\uc544\ub294 \ub098\ud06c\ubc14(1948\ub144 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ubbfc\uc871 \uccad\uc18c)\ub97c \uc800\uc9c0\ub97c \uc2dc\uc628\uc8fc\uc758 \uad70\uc0ac \uc870\uc9c1\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ud6c8\ub828\uacfc \uc7ac\uc815\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud588\ub2e4. \ud55c\ud3b8, PLO\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 1969\ub144\ubd80\ud130 \uc0b0\ub514\ub2c8\uc2a4\ud0c0 \uac8c\ub9b4\ub77c\uc5d0 \uad70\uc0ac \uc9c0\uc6d0\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud588\uc73c\uba70 \uc774\ub294 10\ub144 \ud6c4 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc774 \uc2b9\ub9ac\ud560 \ub54c\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc774\uc5b4\uc84c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-17'><a href='#fnref-2509-17'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>17<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> 1999\ub144, \ucc28\uae30 \ub300\ud1b5\ub839 \uc6b0\uace0 \ucc28\ubca0\uc2a4\ub294 \ubca0\ub124\uc218\uc5d8\ub77c\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcfc\ub9ac\ubc14\ub974 \ud601\uba85\uc744 \uc77c\uc73c\ucf30\uc73c\uba70, \uc5ec\uae30\uc5d0\ub294 \ub9f9\ub82c\ud55c \ubc18\uc81c\uad6d\uc8fc\uc758\uc640 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ub300\uc758\uc5d0\uc758 \uac15\uace0\ud55c \uc5f0\ub300\uac00 \ud3ec\ud568\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud6c4\uc784\uc778 \ub2c8\ucf5c\ub77c\uc2a4 \ub9c8\ub450\ub85c<sup>Nicol\u00e1s Maduro<\/sup>\ub3c4 \uc774 \uc815\ucc45\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. [\uc774 \uae00\uc774 \ub098\uc628 \ud6c4\uc778 2026\ub144 1\uc6d4 3\uc77c, \ubbf8\ud569\uc911\uad6d \ud2b8\ub7fc\ud504 \uc815\ubd80\ub294 \ubca0\ub124\uc218\uc5d8\ub77c\ub97c \uacf5\uc2b5\ud574 \ub9c8\ub450\ub85c \ub300\ud1b5\ub839 \ubd80\ubd80\ub97c \ub0a9\uce58\ud588\ub2e4. \ud604\uc7ac \ud569\uc911\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9c8\uc57d \ubc00\ub9e4 \ub4f1\uc758 \ud610\uc758\ub85c \uadf8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc7ac\ud310\uc774 \uc9c4\ud589\ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-18'><a href='#fnref-2509-18'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>18<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> Munck, R. and Pozzi, P. (2019) Op. cit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-19'><a href='#fnref-2509-19'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>19<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> \uc774 \uc2dc\uae30\uc5d0 \ub098\uc628 \uc8fc\uc694 \uc800\uc791 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\uc778 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.trtespanol.com\/article\/1493525300\">\u300e\ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ud601\uba85<sup>La revoluci\u00f3n palestina<\/sup>\u300f<\/a>\uc740 \uc544\ub974\ud5e8\ud2f0\ub098\uc758 \uc5b8\ub860\uc778, \uc791\uac00, \ud22c\uc0ac\uc600\ub358 \ub85c\ub3cc\ud3ec \uc6d4\uc2dc<sup>Rodolfo Walsh<\/sup>\uac00 \uc54c\uc81c\ub9ac, \uc774\uc9d1\ud2b8, \uc2dc\ub9ac\uc544, \ub808\ubc14\ub17c\uc5d0 \ub2e4\ub140\uc628 \ud6c4 1974\ub144\uc5d0 (\uac8c\ub9b4\ub77c \ub2e8\uccb4 \ubaac\ud1a0\ub124\ub85c\uc2a4<sup>Montoneros<\/sup>\uc640 \uc5f0\uacc4\ub41c) \uc2e0\ubb38 \u300a\ub178\ud2f0\uc2dc\uc544\uc2a4<sup>Noticias<\/sup>\u300b\uc5d0 \uc5f0\uc7ac\ud55c \uae00\uc744 \ubb36\uc740 \ucc45\uc774\ub2e4. \uc2dc\uc628\uc8fc\uc758 \uc2dd\ubbfc \uae30\ud68d\uc758 \ub2f4\ub860\uc801 \uae30\ubc18\uc744 \ubb34\ub108\ub728\ub9ac\ub294 \uc774 \uc120\uad6c\uc801\uc778 \uae00\uc740 \ud604\uc7ac\uae4c\uc9c0\ub3c4 \uc801\uc2e4\ud558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-20'><a href='#fnref-2509-20'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>20<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> \ub808\ubc14\ub17c\uacfc \uc2dc\ub9ac\uc544\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 PLO\uc640 (\uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc584\ub77c \ucd5c\ub300\uc758 \uc870\uc9c1 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\uc778) \uc544\ub974\ud5e8\ud2f0\ub098 \uac8c\ub9b4\ub77c \ubaac\ud1a0\ub124\ub85c\uc2a4\uc758 \uae34\ubc00\ud55c \uad00\uacc4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc790\uc138\ud55c \ubd84\uc11d\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uc608\ucee8\ub300 \ub2e4\uc74c\uc744 \ubcf4\ub77c. Robledo, P. (2018). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.agenciapacourondo.com.ar\/dossier\/montoneros-y-palestina-la-parte-de-la-historia-que-faltaba\">Montoneros y Palestina. De la revoluci\u00f3n a la dictadura<\/a>. Buenos Aires: Planeta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-21'><a href='#fnref-2509-21'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>21<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> Organizaci\u00f3n Libertas (2025) \u2018La Guerra Fr\u00eda y las Guerrillas en Am\u00e9rica Latina\u2019, <em>Montevideo: Serie del Archivo a la Conciencia<\/em> 3. <a href=\"https:\/\/libertas.uy\/libertas\/8734\/\">https:\/\/libertas.uy\/libertas\/8734\/<\/a> \ucc38\uace0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-22'><a href='#fnref-2509-22'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>22<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> 1970\ub144\ub300\ubd80\ud130 1980\ub144\ub300\uae4c\uc9c0, \ub0a8\uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74 \ub0a8\ubd80(\uce60\ub808, \uc544\ub974\ud5e8\ud2f0\ub098, \uc6b0\ub8e8\uacfc\uc774, \ud30c\ub77c\uacfc\uc774)\uc758 \ubbfc-\uad70 \ub3c5\uc7ac\uc815\ubd80\ub4e4\uc740 1959\ub144 \ucfe0\ubc14 \ud601\uba85 \uc2b9\ub9ac \uc774\ud6c4\uc5d0 \uc0dd\uaca8\ub09c \uac8c\ub9b4\ub77c \uc6b4\ub3d9\ub4e4\uc744 (1960\ub144\ub300 \ube0c\ub77c\uc9c8\uc5d0\uc11c \ud588\ub358 \uac83\ucc98\ub7fc) \ubb34\ub108\ub728\ub838\ub2e4. \ube44\uc2b7\ud55c \ud328\ubc30\uc758 \uacb0\uacfc\ub85c(\ud398\ub8e8) \ud639\uc740 \ud611\uc0c1\uacfc \ud3c9\ud654 \ud611\uc815\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574(\uc5d8\uc0b4\ubc14\ub3c4\ub974, \uacfc\ud14c\ub9d0\ub77c) 1990\ub144\ub300\uc5d0\ub294 \uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc584\ub77c\uc5d0\uc11c \ubb34\uc7a5\ud22c\uc7c1\uc774 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc0c1 \uc0ac\ub77c\uc84c\ub2e4. \ucf5c\ub86c\ube44\uc544\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\ub294 \ubcf4\ub2e4 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c\ub370, \uc5ec\ub7ec \uac8c\ub9b4\ub77c \ub2e8\uccb4\uac00 \uc804\uc7c1, \ud611\uc0c1, \ud3c9\ud654\ud611\uc815, \uc7ac\ubb34\uc7a5\uc744 \uc624\uac00\uba70 \uae34 \uc2dc\uac04 \ud65c\ub3d9\ud588\ub2e4. Prieto Rozos, A. (2018). \u2018<a href=\"https:\/\/conceptos.sociales.unam.mx\/conceptos_final\/649trabajo.pdf\">Guerrillas contempor\u00e1neas en Am\u00e9rica Latina<\/a>\u2019. Mexico: UNAM. <a href=\"https:\/\/conceptos.sociales.unam.mx\/conceptos_final\/649trabajo.pdf\">https:\/\/conceptos.sociales.unam.mx\/conceptos_final\/649trabajo.pdf<\/a> \ucc38\uace0. \ub610\ud55c Marchesi, A. (2019). <em>Hacer la revoluci\u00f3n. Guerrillas latinoamericanas, de los a\u00f1os sesenta a la ca\u00edda del Muro<\/em>. Buenos Aires: Siglo XXI Editores Argentina \ucc38\uace0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-\uc5ed\uc8fc1'><a href='#fnref-2509-\uc5ed\uc8fc1'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>\uc5ed\uc8fc1<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> <a href=\"https:\/\/en-movement.net\/501\">\ub9c8\ud750\ubb34\ub4dc \ub2e4\ub974\uc704\uc2dc, \uc870\uc9c0\ud6c8\u00b7\ubc15\uae30\ud615 \uc62e\uae40, \u3008\ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uad6d\uac00 \ub3c5\ub9bd \uc120\uc5b8\ubb38: 1988\ub144 11\uc6d4 15\uc77c\u3009, \uc11c\uad50\uc778\ubb38\uc0ac\ud68c\uc5f0\uad6c\uc2e4 \uc6f9\uc9c4 \u300a\uc778-\ubb34\ube0c\u300b, 2024.05.12.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-23'><a href='#fnref-2509-23'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>23<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> \uc544\ub78d\uc774 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc5d0 \uad70\uc0ac\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud328\ubc30\ud558\uace0 \uc774\uc9d1\ud2b8 \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790 \uac00\ub9d0 \uc555\ub378 \ub098\uc138\ub974<sup>Gamal Abdel Nasser<\/sup>\uac00 \uc0ac\ub9dd\ud558\uace0(1970) \uadf8\uac00 \uc124\ud30c\ud588\ub358 \ubc94\uc544\ub78d\uc758 \uafc8\uc774 \ub05d\uc744 \ub9de\uc740 \ub4f1 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc694\uc18c\ub4e4\ub3c4 \ubd80\uc815\uc801\uc778 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\ucce4\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-24'><a href='#fnref-2509-24'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>24<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> \uc774 \ub17c\uc7c1\uc744 \ub458\ub7ec\uc2fc \uc8fc\uc7a5\uacfc \uadfc\uac70\ub97c \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \ubaa8\ub450 \ub2e4\ub8e8\uae30\ub294 \ubd88\uac00\ub2a5\ud558\ub2e4. \ube44\ud310\uac00\ub4e4\uc740 \uc8fc\ub85c \ucd08\uc810\uc8fc\uc758\uc801<sup>foquista<\/sup> \uac8c\ub9b4\ub77c \ubaa8\ub378, \uc804\uc704\uc8fc\uc758, \ubd84\ud30c\uc8fc\uc758, \uad50\uc870\uc8fc\uc758, \uad70\ub300\uc8fc\uc758<sup>militarism<\/sup>\uc5d0 \uc8fc\ubaa9\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ud601\uba85 \uc870\uc9c1\ub4e4\uc744 \uc5b5\uc555 \uc138\ub825\uc758 \uacf5\uaca9\uc5d0 \ucde8\uc57d\ud558\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4e0 \uadf8\ub4e4 \uac04\uc758 \ubd84\uc7c1\uacfc \uade0\uc5f4\uc774 \ud33d\ubc30\ud588\ub358 \ub370\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc8fc\ubaa9\ud55c\ub2e4. \ubb34\uc7a5 \uc870\uc9c1\ub4e4 \u2015 \ud2b9\ud788 \ub0a8\uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74 \ub0a8\ubd80\uc758 \u2015 \uc774 \uc88c\ud30c \ubc0f \ub300\uc911 \uc870\uc9c1\ub4e4\uc758 \uc8fc\uc694 \ub300\ud45c \ubd84\ud30c\ub4e4\uc744 \uacb0\uc9d1\uc2dc\ud0ac \ub178\ub828\ud55c \ub3d9\ub9f9 \ud615\uc131 \uc815\ucc45\uc774 \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub358 \ud0d3\uc5d0 \uc790\uc2e0\ub4e4\uc758 \ub300\uc758\uc5d0 \ub300\ub300\uc801\uc778 \uc9c0\uc9c0\ub97c \ubaa8\uc73c\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud588\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc744 \uc9c0\uc801\ud558\ub294 \uc774\ub4e4\ub3c4 \uc788\ub2e4. Prieto Rozos, A. (2018). Op. cit. \ubc0f Marchesi, A. (2019). Op. cit.\uc744 \ubcf4\ub77c. \ub300\uc911\uc801 \uc9c0\uc9c0\ub97c \ud655\ubcf4\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud55c \uc774 \uac19\uc740 \uc2e4\ud328\uc758 \uc608\ub85c \ucf5c\ub86c\ube44\uc544\ub97c \ub4e4 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \ucf5c\ub86c\ube44\uc544\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc758 \uc120\uc8fc\ubbfc, \ub18d\ubbfc \uc6b4\ub3d9\ub4e4\uc774 \uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c\uac00 \u2018\ubaa8\ub4e0 \ubb34\uc7a5 \ud589\uc704\uc790\ub4e4\u2019\uacfc \ubcc4\uac1c\ub77c\uace0 \uc120\uc5b8\ud588\uc73c\uba70 \uc2ec\uc9c0\uc5b4\ub294 \uc790\uc2e0\ub4e4\uc758 \uc601\ud1a0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubc29\uc5b4, \ud1b5\uc81c\ub97c \ub458\ub7ec\uc2fc \ubd84\uc7c1\uc73c\ub85c \uadf8\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ud76c\uc0dd\ub418\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-25'><a href='#fnref-2509-25'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>25<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> Shahak, I. (2007) <em>El Estado de Israel arm\u00f3 las dictaduras en Am\u00e9rica Latina.<\/em> Buenos Aires: Editorial Cana\u00e1n. See also: IJAN (2012) \u2018El papel de Israel en la represi\u00f3n mundial\u2019.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ijan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/israel-wwr-la-rebellion-version.pdf\"><em>https:\/\/www.ijan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/israel-wwr-la-rebellion-version.pdf<\/em><\/a><em>.<\/em> \ubcf4\ub2e4 \ucd5c\uadfc \uc2dc\uae30\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c\ub294 2018\ub144\uc5d0 \ub77c\ud2f4\uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74 BDS \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc5d0\uc11c \uc791\uc131\ud55c \ubcf4\uace0\uc11c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.alainet.org\/es\/articulo\/196674?language=es\">\u300a\uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8 \uad70\uc0ac\uc8fc\uc758\uc640 \ub77c\ud2f4\uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74<sup>El militarismo israel\u00ed en Am\u00e9rica Latina<\/sup>\u300b<\/a>\ub97c \ubcf4\ub77c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-26'><a href='#fnref-2509-26'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>26<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> Munck, R. and Pozzi, P. (2019) Op. cit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-27'><a href='#fnref-2509-27'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>27<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> \ub0c9\uc804 \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc774 \uc544\ub974\ud5e8\ud2f0\ub098, \uce60\ub808, \uc6b0\ub8e8\uacfc\uc774\uc758 \ub3c5\uc7ac\uc815\uad8c\uacfc \ud611\ub825\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \ubc18\ub780 \uc9c4\uc555, \ubc18\ud14c\ub7ec, \uc2e4\uc874\uc801 \uc704\ud611\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc804\uc7c1\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uad00\uc810\uc744 \uacf5\uc720\ud588\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. Leibner, G. (2025). <a href=\"https:\/\/recyt.fecyt.es\/index.php\/Hyp\/article\/view\/102126\">La colaboraci\u00f3n de Israel con la \u00faltima dictadura militar argentina: Nuevas fuentes y reinterpretaci\u00f3n<\/a>\u2019.<em>Historia y Pol\u00edtica<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/recyt.fecyt.es\/index.php\/Hyp\/article\/view\/102126\">https:\/\/recyt.fecyt.es\/index.php\/Hyp\/article\/view\/102126<\/a>. \ub610\ud55c \ub2e4\uc74c\uc744 \ubcf4\ub77c. Leibner, G. (2023). \u2018<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/epdf\/10.1080\/14682745.2024.2331200?needAccess=true\">The political partnership between Israel and authoritarian Uruguay, 1972-1980<\/a>\u2019. <em>Cold War History<\/em> 25(2): 171\u2013196. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14682745.2024.2331200\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14682745.2024.2331200<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-28'><a href='#fnref-2509-28'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>28<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> Timerman, J. (1981) <em>Preso sin nombre, celda sin n\u00famero<\/em>. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-29'><a href='#fnref-2509-29'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>29<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> McEvoy, J. (2025) \u2018How Israel secretly armed Argentina during the Falklands war\u2019, 2 April. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.declassifieduk.org\/how-israel-secretly-armed-argentina-during-the-falklands-war\/\">https:\/\/www.declassifieduk.org\/how-israel-secretly-armed-argentina-during-the-falklands-war\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-30'><a href='#fnref-2509-30'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>30<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> Comisi\u00f3n de la Verdad (Colombia) (2022) \u2018Cifras de la Comisi\u00f3n de la Verdad presentadas junto con el Informe Final.\u2019 <a href=\"https:\/\/web.comisiondelaverdad.co\/actualidad\/noticias\/principales-cifras-comision-de-la-verdad-informe-final\">https:\/\/web.comisiondelaverdad.co\/actualidad\/noticias\/principales-cifras-comision-de-la-verdad-informe-final<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-31'><a href='#fnref-2509-31'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>31<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> Colombia Informa (2023) \u2018Israel y Colombia: Negocios, armas y paramilitarismo\u2019. Editora Bogot\u00e1. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.colombiainforma.info\/israel-y-colombia-negocios-armas-y-paramilitarismo\/\">https:\/\/www.colombiainforma.info\/israel-y-colombia-negocios-armas-y-paramilitarismo\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-32'><a href='#fnref-2509-32'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>32<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> Baeza, C. (2018) \u2018Why did Latin America stop standing up for Palestine?\u2019, 9 June. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/opinions\/2018\/6\/9\/why-did-latin-america-stop-standing-up-for-palestine\">https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/opinions\/2018\/6\/9\/why-did-latin-america-stop-standing-up-for-palestine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-33'><a href='#fnref-2509-33'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>33<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> \uc544\ub974\ud5e8\ud2f0\ub098, \ubd88\ub9ac\ube44\uc544, \ube0c\ub77c\uc9c8, \ucf5c\ub86c\ube44\uc544, \ucfe0\ubc14, \uc5d0\ucf70\ub3c4\ub974, \uba55\uc2dc\ucf54, \ub2c8\uce74\ub77c\uacfc, \ud30c\ub098\ub9c8, \ud398\ub8e8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-34'><a href='#fnref-2509-34'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>34<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/DQkjq9QDOZH\/\">BDS \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc5d0\uc11c \uaddc\ud0c4<\/a>\ud55c \ubc14 \uc788\ub4ef, 2025\ub144 10\uc6d4 28\uc77c\uc5d0 \uc54c\ub808\ub9dd<sup>Alem\u00e3o<\/sup>\uacfc \ud398\ub0d0<sup>Penha<\/sup> \ud30c\ubca8\ub77c\uc5d0\uc11c \ub300\ub7c9 \uc0b4\ud574\ub97c \uc800\uc9c0\ub978 \ub9ac\uc6b0\ub370\uc790\ub124\uc774\ub8e8 \ud2b9\uc218\uacbd\ucc30\uc791\uc804\ub300\ub300<sup>Special Police Ops Battalion<\/sup>(BOPE)\ub294 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8 \ubb34\uae30\uc81c\uc870\uc0ac\ub4e4\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc7a5\ube44\uc640 \ud6c8\ub828\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5 \ubc1b\uc558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-35'><a href='#fnref-2509-35'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>35<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> Khalidi, R. (2020) <em>The hundred years\u2019 war on Palestine. A history of settler colonial conquest and resistance<\/em>. London: Profile Books. pp. 185\u2013194.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-36'><a href='#fnref-2509-36'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>36<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> Abdel Razek, I. (2021) \u2018Thirty years on: The ruse of the Middle East Peace Process\u2019, 31 October. <a href=\"https:\/\/al-shabaka.org\/briefs\/thirty-years-on-the-ruse-of-the-middle-east-peace-process\/\">https:\/\/al-shabaka.org\/briefs\/thirty-years-on-the-ruse-of-the-middle-east-peace-process\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-37'><a href='#fnref-2509-37'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>37<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> 1991\ub144, \ucfe0\ubc14\ub97c \uc81c\uc678\ud55c \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ub77c\ud2f4\uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74 \uad6d\uac00\uac00 \uc2dc\uc628\uc8fc\uc758\ub97c \uc778\uc885\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \ud558\ub098\ub85c \uaddc\uc815\ud55c UN \uc77c\ubc18\ucd1d\ud68c \uacb0\uc758 3379\ud638(1975)\uc758 \ucca0\ud68c\uc5d0 \ucc2c\uc131\ud588\ub2e4. \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc774 \uc624\uc2ac\ub85c \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0 \ucc38\uc5ec\ud558\ub294 \uc870\uac74\uc73c\ub85c \ud574\ub2f9 \uacb0\uc758\ud55c \ucca0\ud68c\ub97c \uc694\uad6c\ud55c \ub370 \ub530\ub978 \ud22c\ud45c\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-38'><a href='#fnref-2509-38'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>38<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> \uc2a4\ud398\uc778\uc5b4 \uc790\ub8cc\uac00 \ubd80\uc871\ud55c \ud0d3\uc5d0 \uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc584\ub77c\uc5d0\ub294 PA\uc640 \uadf8 \ub300\ud1b5\ub839 \ub9c8\ud750\ubb34\ub4dc \uc555\ubc14\uc2a4<sup>Mahmoud Abbas<\/sup>\uc758 \uada4\uc801\uc774 \uac70\uc758 \uc548 \uc54c\ub824\uc838 \uc788\ub2e4. \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc744 \uc544\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc740 \uac70\uc758 \uc5c6\ub2e4. \uc555\ubc14\uc2a4\uc758 \uc784\uae30\ub294 2009\ub144\uc5d0 \ub05d\ub0ac\ub2e4. 2006\ub144\uc5d0 \uce58\ub7ec\uc9c4 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc758 \ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9 (\uc785\ubc95\ubd80) \uc120\uac70\uc5d0\uc11c \ud558\ub9c8\uc2a4\uac00 \uc2b9\ub9ac\ud588\ub2e4. 2007\ub144\uc5d0 \uc555\ubc14\uc2a4\ub294 [\ub2f9\uc2dc \ud558\ub9c8\uc2a4 \uc218\uc7a5] \uc774\uc2a4\ub9c8\uc77c \ud558\ub2c8\uc608<sup>Ismail Haniyeh<\/sup>\uc758 \ud1b5\ud569 \uc815\ubd80 \uc81c\uc548\uc744 \uac70\ubd80\ud558\uace0 (\uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uacfc \uc11c\uad6c\uc758 \uc9c0\uc6d0 \ud558\uc5d0) \ud558\ub9c8\uc2a4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ucfe0\ub370\ud0c0\ub97c \uc2dc\ub3c4\ud588\uace0 \uc774\ub294 \uc9c0\uae08\uae4c\uc9c0\ub3c4 \ub0a8\uc544 \uc788\ub294 \uc11c\uc548\uacfc \uac00\uc790\uc758 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uade0\uc5f4\ub85c \uc774\uc5b4\uc84c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \ub610\ud55c \uc785\ubc95 \uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\ub97c \ud574\uccb4\ud558\uace0 \uc774\ud6c4\ub85c \uc815\ubd80\ub839<sup>\u653f\u5e9c\u4ee4<\/sup>\uc73c\ub85c \ud1b5\uce58\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uc774\uc2ac\ub78c\uc8fc\uc758 \uc815\ub2f9\ub4e4\uc758 PLO \uac00\uc785 \uc9c0\uc6d0\uc774\ub098 (\ucd5c\uadfc\uc5d0\ub294 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.al-monitor.com\/es\/originals\/2024\/03\/lo-que-sabemos-sobre-las-conversaciones-palestinas-en-rusia-que-buscan-la-unidad\">\ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544<\/a>\uc640 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XrU36NK-Hok\">\uc911\uad6d<\/a>\uc5d0\uc11c \uc788\uc5c8\ub358 [\ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc81c \ub2e8\uccb4\uc758 \ub300\ud45c\uc790 \ud68c\uc758 \uac19\uc740]) \ubbfc\uc871\uc744 \ub2e4\uc2dc \ud55c \ubc88 \ub2e8\uacb0\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub824\ub294 \ub178\ub825\uc740 \ubb3c\ub860 PA\uc640 PLO\uac00 \ud568\uaed8\ud55c \uc120\uac70 \uc2e4\uc2dc \uc2dc\ub3c4\uae4c\uc9c0\ub3c4 \ubc29\ud574\ud574 \uc654\ub2e4. \uadf8\uc758 \uc815\ubd80\ub294 \ubd80\ud328\uc640 \uad8c\uc704\uc8fc\uc758\ub85c \ud2b9\uc9d5\uc9c0\uc5b4\uc9c0\uba70 \ubc18\ub300\ud30c\ub098 \uc800\ud56d \uc138\ub825 \uc778\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc744 \ud22c\uc625\ud558\uace0 \uc2ec\uc9c0\uc5b4 \uc0b4\ud574\ud558\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud55c\ub2e4. Scahill, J. (2025) \u2018Trump, Gaza, and Oslo D\u00e9j\u00e0 Vu\u2019, 1 December. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dropsitenews.com\/p\/trump-gaza-abbas-oslo-hamas-palestinian-islamic-jihad-fatah-palestinian-liberation-organization-palestinian-resistance-united-nation-macron-france\">https:\/\/www.dropsitenews.com\/p\/trump-gaza-abbas-oslo-hamas-palestinian-islamic-jihad-fatah-palestinian-liberation-organization-palestinian-resistance-united-nation-macron-france<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-39'><a href='#fnref-2509-39'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>39<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> \uc0ac\ud68c \ubcc0\ud654\ub97c \uc704\ud574 \uc2f8\uc6b0\ub294 \uac8c\ub9b4\ub77c \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc758 \ud3ed\ub825\uacfc \ud604\uc0c1\ud0dc\ub97c \uc218\ud638\ud558\ub294 \ub3c5\uc800\uc815\uad8c\uc758 \uad6d\uac00 \ud14c\ub7ec\ub9ac\uc998\uc744 \ub3d9\uce58\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-40'><a href='#fnref-2509-40'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>40<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> \uae30\ub3c5\uad50 \uc804\ubc18\uc5d0 \uc774\uc2ac\ub78c\ud610\uc624\uac00 \uc788\uae34 \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uac00\uc7a5 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \uacf3\uc740 \uc2dc\uc628\uc8fc\uc758 \ubcf5\uc74c\uc8fc\uc758\ub2e4. \uc774\ub4e4\uc758 \uc138\uacc4\uad00\uc740 \ub77c\ud2f4\uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74 \uc804\uc5ed(\uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc804 \uc9c0\uad6c\uc801 \ub0a8\ubd80 \uc804\uccb4)\uc5d0, \ud2b9\ud788 \uc18c\ub4dd \ubc0f \uad50\uc721 \uc218\uc900\uc774 \ub0ae\uc740 \uc0ac\ud68c \uc601\uc5ed\uc5d0 \ud37c\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-41'><a href='#fnref-2509-41'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>41<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> \uc774 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc790\uc138\ud55c \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc740 <a href=\"https:\/\/libreria.clacso.org\/biblioteca_al_faro_zapatista\/?&amp;an=1280\">\uc0ac\ud30c\ud0c0\uc8fc\uc758\uc758\ub4f1\ub300<sup>Al Faro Zapatista<\/sup><\/a>\uc5d0\uc11c \ubb36\uc740 \ucc45\ub4e4\uc744 \ubcf4\ub77c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-42'><a href='#fnref-2509-42'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>42<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> Gonz\u00e1lez Casanova, P. (1996) \u2018Globalidad, neoliberalismo y democracia\u2019. In P. Gonz\u00e1lez Casanova and J. Saxe-Fern\u00e1ndez (Eds.) <em>El mundo actual: situaci\u00f3n y alternativas<\/em> (p. 47). Mexico: UNAM, CEIICH\/Siglo Veintiuno Editores.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-43'><a href='#fnref-2509-43'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>43<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> Mignolo, W. (2007) \u2018El pensamiento decolonial: desprendimiento y apertura. Un manifiesto\u2019. In S. Castro-G\u00f3mez and R. Grosfoguel (Eds.) <em>El giro decolonial. Reflexiones para una diversidad epist\u00e9mica m\u00e1s all\u00e1 del capitalismo global<\/em>. Bogot\u00e1: Siglo del Hombre Editores. <a href=\"http:\/\/observatorioedhemfoc.hospedagemdesites.ws\/observatorio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/El-giro-decolonial-1.pdf\">http:\/\/observatorioedhemfoc.hospedagemdesites.ws\/observatorio\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/El-giro-decolonial-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-44'><a href='#fnref-2509-44'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>44<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> Calvo Rufanges, J. (2008) \u2018El Foro Social Mundial: nuevas formas de hacer pol\u00edtica\u2019. <em>Cuadernos Deusto de Derechos Humanos<\/em> 51. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.corteidh.or.cr\/tablas\/25643.pdf\">https:\/\/www.corteidh.or.cr\/tablas\/25643.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-45'><a href='#fnref-2509-45'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>45<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> \ub2c8\uce74\ub77c\uacfc\ub294 1979\ub144\uc5d0 \uc774\ubbf8 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uad6d\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud588\uc73c\uba70 1988\ub144\uc5d0\ub294 \ucfe0\ubc14\uac00, 2008\ub144\uc5d0\ub294 \ucf54\uc2a4\ud0c0\ub9ac\uce74\uac00, 2009\uc5d0\ub294 \ubca0\ub124\uc218\uc5d8\ub77c\uac00 \uc778\uc815\ud588\ub2e4. \ube0c\ub77c\uc9c8, \uc544\ub974\ud5e8\ud2f0\ub098, \uc5d0\ucf70\ub3c4\ub974\ub294 2010\ub144 \ub9d0\uc5d0 \uc778\uc815\ud588\uc73c\uba70 2011\ub144\uc5d0\ub294 \ubcfc\ub9ac\ube44\uc544, \uc6b0\ub8e8\uacfc\uc774, \ud30c\ub77c\uacfc\uc774, \uce60\ub808, \uae30\uc544\ub098, \uc218\ub9ac\ub0a8, \ud398\ub8e8, \uc628\ub450\ub77c\uc2a4, \uc5d8\uc0b4\ubc14\ub3c4\ub974\uac00 \ub4a4\ub97c \uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uacfc\ud14c\ub9d0\ub77c\ub294 2013\ub144\uc5d0, \uba55\uc2dc\ucf54\uc640 \ucf5c\ub86c\ube44\uc544\ub294 \ud6e8\uc52c \ub2a6\uac8c 2024\ub144\uc5d0 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uad6d\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud588\ub2e4. \uc544\uc9c1\uc778 \uad6d\uac00\ub294 \ud30c\ub098\ub9c8 \ubfd0\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-46'><a href='#fnref-2509-46'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>46<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> 1947\ub144\ubd80\ud130 \ud604\uc7ac\uae4c\uc9c0\uc758 \ube0c\ub77c\uc9c8-\uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8 \uad00\uacc4\uc640 \ube0c\ub77c\uc9c8\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc5f0\ub300\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc0c1\uc138\ud55c \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \ubd84\uc11d\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 Oliveira Soares, A. (2025) \u2018From the Favelas and Rural Brazil to Gaza. How militarism and greenwashing shape relations, resistance, and solidarity with Palestine in Brazil\u2019, 5 November. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tni.org\/en\/article\/from-the-favelas-and-rural-brazil-to-gaza\">https:\/\/www.tni.org\/en\/article\/from-the-favelas-and-rural-brazil-to-gaza<\/a>\ub97c \ubcf4\ub77c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-47'><a href='#fnref-2509-47'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>47<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> Landi, M. (2017) \u2018De M\u00e9xico a Palestina, conectando las luchas por un mundo sin muros\u2019, 25 June. <a href=\"https:\/\/desinformemonos.org\/mexico-palestina-conectando-las-luchas-mundo-sin-muros\/\">https:\/\/desinformemonos.org\/mexico-palestina-conectando-las-luchas-mundo-sin-muros\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-\uc5ed\uc8fc2'><a href='#fnref-2509-\uc5ed\uc8fc2'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>\uc5ed\uc8fc2<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8, \uac00\uc790, \uc11c\uc548 \uc804\uc5ed\uc758 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc778\uc774 \ub3d9\ucc38\ud55c \ub300\uaddc\ubaa8 \uc778\ud2f0\ud30c\ub2e4\ub85c, \uadf8\ud574 5\uc6d4\uc5d0 \ub3d9\uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub818 \uc170\uc774\ud06c \uc790\ub77c\uc758 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc758 \ud1f4\uac70 \uba85\ub839\uc5d0 \ubc18\ubc1c\ud574 \ubc8c\uc778 \ud56d\uc758 \uc2dc\uc704\uac00 \uc2dc\ubc1c\uc810\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-48'><a href='#fnref-2509-48'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>48<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> \ubcfc\ub9ac\ube44\uc544, \ucf5c\ub86c\ube44\uc544, \ucfe0\ubc14, \ub2c8\uce74\ub77c\uacfc, \uc138\uc778\ud2b8\ube48\uc13c\ud2b8\uadf8\ub808\ub098\ub518, \uc778\ub3c4\ub124\uc2dc\uc544,\uc774\ub77c\ud06c, \ub9ac\ube44\uc544, \ub9d0\ub808\uc774\uc2dc\uc544, \ub098\ubbf8\ube44\uc544, \uc624\ub9cc, \ub0a8\uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74, \ud280\ub974\ud0a4\uc608<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-49'><a href='#fnref-2509-49'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>49<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> 2025\ub144 8\uc6d4 3\uc77c, <a href=\"https:\/\/enlacezapatista.ezln.org.mx\/\">\uc0ac\ud30c\ud2f0\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc6b4\ub3d9<\/a>\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \u2018\uc6b0\ub9ac \ubaa8\ub450\ub294 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc758 \uc790\uc2dd\uc774\ub2e4\u2019\ub77c\ub294 \uad6c\ud638\ub97c \uac78\uace0 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ubbfc\uc871\uc5d0\uc758 \uc5f0\ub300\ub97c \uc120\uc5b8\ud558\uba70 \uce58\uc544\ud30c\uc2a4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc138\uacc4\uc800\ud56d\uc138\ub825\ub300\ud68c\ub97c \uc5f4\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-50'><a href='#fnref-2509-50'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>50<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> \uce60\ub808\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/porpalestinacl\/\">\ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc744\uc9c0\uc9c0\ud558\ub294\uc5f0\ub300\uc790\ub4e4<sup>Coordinadora por Palestina<\/sup><\/a>\uc5d0\uc11c BDS \uce60\ub808\uc5d0\uc11c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/judixsantisionistas\/\">\uc810\ub839\uacfc\uc544\ud30c\ub974\ud2b8\ud5e4\uc774\ud2b8\uc5d0\ubc18\ub300\ud558\ub294\uc720\ub300\uc778\ubc18\uc2dc\uc628\uc8fc\uc758\uc790\ub4e4<sup>Jud\u00edxs Antisionistas contra la Ocupaci\u00f3n y el Apartheid<\/sup><\/a>\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc138\ub300\uc758 \uc870\uc9c1\ub4e4\uc744 \ud55c \uc790\ub9ac\uc5d0 \ubaa8\uc558\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub8e8\uacfc\uc774\uc758 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/coordinacionxpalestinauy\/\">\ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc9c0\uc9c0\uc5f0\ub300\uccb4<sup>Coordinaci\u00f3n por Palestina<\/sup><\/a>\uc5d0\ub294 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569, \ud559\uc0dd\uc870\ud569, \ud611\ub3d9\uc870\ud569, \uc5f0\ub300\ub2e8\uccb4, \uc778\uad8c\ub2e8\uccb4 \ub4f1\uc774 \uc18d\ud574 \uc788\ub2e4. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/accionxpalestinaargentina\/\">\uc544\ub974\ud5e8\ud2f0\ub098<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/ecuconpalestina_oficial\/\">\uc5d0\ucf70\ub3c4\ub974<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/mexconpalestina?lang=es\">\uba55\uc2dc\ucf54<\/a> \ub4f1\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc138\ub300\uac00 \ubaa8\uc778 \ube44\uc2b7\ud55c \uc5f0\ud569\uccb4\ub4e4\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4. \ub0a8\ubd80 \uc544\ub974\ud5e8\ud2f0\ub098\uc640 \uce60\ub808\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 <a href=\"https:\/\/werkenrojo.cl\/genocidio-sionista-y-el-de-wallmapu-muy-similar\/\">\ub9c8\ud478\uccb4\uc871<\/a> \ud22c\uc7c1\uc774 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ub300\uc758\uc5d0 \ub3d9\uc9c8\uac10\uc744 \uac00\uc838 \uc654\ub2e4. <a href=\"https:\/\/publicar.argentina.indymedia.org\/?p=15030\">\uc804\uc0ac \ubaa8\uc774\ub77c \ubc00\ub780<sup>weychafe Moira Mill\u00e1n<\/sup><\/a>\uc774 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc5ec\uc131\uc5d0\uac8c \uc4f4 \uc11c\uc2e0\uc740 \uc5ec\ub7ec \ud615\uc2dd, \uc5b8\uc5b4\ub85c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=sIv199OY3A4\">\ub110\ub9ac \ud37c\uc84c\ub2e4<\/a>. \uc544\ub974\ud5e8\ud2f0\ub098\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ud604\uc9c0 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4 \uc601\ud1a0\uc640 \uacf5\uc720\uc9c0\ub97c \uc639\ud638\ud558\ub294 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \ud658\uacbd\uc8fc\uc758 \ub2e8\uccb4\ub4e4\uc774 [\uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8 \uad6d\uc601 \uc218\uc790\uc6d0 \uae30\uc5c5] <a href=\"https:\/\/fueramekorot.org\/\">\uba54\ucf54\ub85c\ud2b8 \ud1f4\ucd9c<sup>Fuera Mekorot<\/sup><\/a> \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \ub2e4\uc2dc \ud65c\uc131\ud654\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-51'><a href='#fnref-2509-51'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>51<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> \uce60\ub808, \uc544\ub974\ud5e8\ud2f0\ub098, \ube0c\ub77c\uc9c8, \uba55\uc2dc\ucf54, \uc6b0\ub8e8\uacfc\uc774\uc758 \uc608\ub85c \ub2e4\uc74c \ub2e8\uccb4\ub4e4\uc744 \ub4e4 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/JudixsAntisionistas\"><em>Jud\u00edxs Antisionistas contra la Ocupaci\u00f3n y el Apartheid<\/em><\/a> (\uce60\ub808), <a href=\"https:\/\/judiesxpalestina.org\/\"><em>Jud\u00edes x Palestina<\/em><\/a> (\uc544\ub974\ud5e8\ud2f0\ub098), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/judiesxpalestinalibre\/\"><em>Jud\u00edes por una Palestina Libre<\/em><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/_a_m_j_i_\/\"><em>Agrupaci\u00f3n Mexicana de Jud\u00edes Interdependientes<\/em><\/a>(\uba55\uc2dc\ucf54), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/vozesjudaicasporlibertacao\/\"><em>Vozes Judaicas por Liberta\u00e7\u00e3o<\/em><\/a> (\ube0c\ub77c\uc9c8), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/judixscontraelgenocidiouy\/\"><em>Jud\u00edxs contra el Genocidio<\/em><\/a>(\uc6b0\ub8e8\uacfc\uc774). \uc774\ub4e4 \ubaa8\ub450 <a href=\"https:\/\/globaljewsforpalestine.com\/\">\ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc744\uc9c0\uc9c0\ud558\ub294\uc804\uc138\uacc4\uc720\ub300\uc778\ub4e4<sup>Global Jews for Palestine<\/sup><\/a>\uacfc \ud611\ub825\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-52'><a href='#fnref-2509-52'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>52<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> \uc608\ucee8\ub300 \uc6b0\ub8e8\uacfc\uc774\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/DPHNxc-EUCs\/?hl=es&amp;img_index=1\">2025\ub144 \ub2e4\uc591\uc131 \ud589\uc9c4<\/a>\uacfc <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pitcnt.uy\/novedades\/proclama-de-la-marcha-de-la-diversidad-2025\">\ucd5c\uc885 \uc131\uba85<\/a>\uc5d0\uc11c \uc778\uc885\ud559\uc0b4\uacfc \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 LGBTQI+ \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\uc758 \ud22c\uc7c1\uc774 \uac15\uc870\ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70 \uac00\uc790\uc758 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/DPABXFBjnKz\/?hl=es&amp;img_index=1\">\ud034\uc5b4\ub4e4\uc774 \ubcf4\ub0b8 \uba54\uc2dc\uc9c0<\/a>\uac00 \ub0ad\ub3c5\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. 2024\ub144\uc5d0\ub294 \uc5d0\ucf70\ub3c4\ub974, \uc6b0\ub8e8\uacfc\uc774 \ud65c\ub3d9\uac00\ub4e4\uc774 \ud551\ud06c\uc6cc\uc2f1 \uc6e8\ube44\ub098\ub97c \uc870\uc9c1\ud574 \uc544\ub974\ud5e8\ud2f0\ub098, \ube0c\ub77c\uc9c8, \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc758 \uc80a\uc740 LGBTQI+ \ud65c\ub3d9\uac00\ub4e4\uc774 \ucc38\uc5ec\ud588\ub2e4. \uc544\ub974\ud5e8\ud2f0\ub098\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774 \uc8fc\uc81c\ub97c \uc911\uc694\ud558\uac8c \ub2e4\ub8e8\ub294 \uc80a\uc740 \uc870\uc9c1\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/transfeminismosporpalestina\/\">\ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc744\uc9c0\uc9c0\ud558\ub294\ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\ud398\ubbf8\ub2c8\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc5f0\ub300 \u2018\uc218\ubc15\u2019<sup>Sand\u00eda: Coordinadora Transfeminista por Palestine<\/sup><\/a>\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-\uc5ed\uc8fc3'><a href='#fnref-2509-\uc5ed\uc8fc3'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>\uc5ed\uc8fc3<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> \ud0c0\ub2e4\ubb38<sup>Tadamun<\/sup>\uc740 \uc544\ub78d\uc5b4\ub85c \uc5f0\ub300\ub97c \ub73b\ud558\uba70 \uc548\ud2f0\ubc00\ub9ac<sup>Antimili<\/sup>\ub294 \ubc18\uad70\uc0ac\uc8fc\uc758<sup>antimilitarist<\/sup>\ub97c \uc904\uc778 \ub9d0\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-53'><a href='#fnref-2509-53'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>53<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> Oliveira Soares, A. (2025) Op. cit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-54'><a href='#fnref-2509-54'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>54<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> \uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub818 \ud601\uc2e0\ucc98 \ud3d0\uc1c4 \ucea0\ud398\uc778\uc740 \uc6b0\ub8e8\uacfc\uc774 BDS \ub2e8\uccb4 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/espacioslibresdeapartheid_uy\/?hl=es-la\">\uc544\ud30c\ub974\ud2b8\ud5e4\uc774\ud2b8\uc5c6\ub294\uacf5\uac04<sup>Espacios Libres de Apartheid<\/sup><\/a>\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc555\ubc15\uc758 \uacb0\uacfc\ub85c \uc815\ubd80\ub294 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hispantv.com\/noticias\/sudamerica\/619786\/uruguay-pausa-implementacion-pacto-innovacion-israel\">\uc6b4\uc601\uc744 \uc7a0\uc815 \uc911\ub2e8<\/a>\ud588\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ub2e8\uccb4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uacc4\uc18d\ud574\uc11c \uc601\uad6c \ud3d0\uc1c4\ub97c \uc694\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-55'><a href='#fnref-2509-55'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>55<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> Ramos Tolosa, J. (2022)Palestina desde las Epistemolog\u00edas del Sur. Buenos Aires: CES, Universidad de Coimbra, and CLACSO. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.clacso.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Palestina-desde-las-epistemologias.pdf\">https:\/\/www.clacso.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Palestina-desde-las-epistemologias.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-56'><a href='#fnref-2509-56'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>56<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> UN\uc5d0\uc11c \uc778\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8 \uad6d\uacbd\uc740 1947\ub144 \ubd84\ud560\uc548(UN\uc77c\ubc18\ucd1d\ud68c \uacb0\uc758 181\ud638)\uc5d0\uc11c \uc124\uc815\ud55c \uc120\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc544\ub78d \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uacfc\uc758 \uc804\uc7c1\uc744 \ub05d\ub0b8 1949\ub144 \ud734\uc804\uc120\uc774\ub2e4. UN\ud5cc\uc7a5\uc740 \uc815\ubcf5 \uc804\uc7c1\uc73c\ub85c \uc5bb\uc740 \uc601\ud1a0\ub97c \uc778\uc815\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0, \uc774\ub54c \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc740 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc601\ud1a0\uc758 78%\ub97c \ucc28\uc9c0\ud588\ub2e4. Ibarluc\u00eda, M., op. cit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-57'><a href='#fnref-2509-57'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>57<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> 3103\ud638(1973), 37\/43\ud638(1982) \ub4f1 \uc5ec\ub7ec UN \uc77c\ubc18\ucd1d\ud68c \uacb0\uc758\uc5d0\uc11c \uc815\ub2f9\uc131\uc744 \uc778\uc815 \ubc1b\uc558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-58'><a href='#fnref-2509-58'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>58<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> \uc774\ub7f0 \uc120\uc0c1\uc5d0\uc11c, [\ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc758 \ubc95\ud559\uc790\u00b7\ubc18\uc778\uc885\uc8fc\uc758 \ud65c\ub3d9\uac00] \ubbf8\ub808\uc720 \ud30c\ub18d<sup>Mireille Fanon<\/sup>\uc740 2024\ub144 11\uc6d4\uc5d0 \ubaac\ud14c\ube44\ub370\uc624\uc5d0\uc11c \uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74\uacc4 \uc6b0\ub8e8\uacfc\uc774\uc778 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4, \ud559\uacc4\uacfc \uc77c\ub828\uc758 \ub9cc\ub0a8\uc744 \uac16\uace0 \u3008\uc2e0\uc2dd\ubbfc\uc8fc\uc758, \uc778\uc885\ud559\uc0b4, \uc544\ud30c\ub974\ud2b8\ud5e4\uc774\ud2b8: \uc544\uc774\ud2f0\uc640 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc758 \uc0ac\ub840\u3009 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Lp_wHsBc030\">\ub300\ub2f4<\/a>\uc744 \uc9c4\ud589\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-59'><a href='#fnref-2509-59'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>59<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> \ubd80\uc5d0\ub178\uc2a4\uc544\uc774\ub808\uc2a4\ub300\ud559\uad50 \uc5d0\ub4dc\uc6cc\ub4dc \uc0ac\uc774\ub4dc \uc790\uc720\uac15\uc88c\ub294 2008\ub144\uc5d0 \uac1c\uc124\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ucf54\ub9c8\uc6b0\uc5d0\uad6d\ub9bd\ub300\ud559\uad50(\ub124\uc6b0\ucf04), \ud30c\ud0c0\uace0\ub2c8\uc544\uc0b0\ud6c4\uc548\ubcf4\uc2a4\ucf54\uad6d\ub9bd\ub300\ud559\uad50, \ub9c8\ub974\ub378\ud50c\ub77c\ud0c0\uad6d\ub9bd\ub300\ud559\uad50\uc5d0 \uc5f0\uacc4 \uac15\uc88c\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-60'><a href='#fnref-2509-60'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>60<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> Landi, M. (2023) \u2018Con Gabriel Sivinian, de la C\u00e1tedra de Estudios Palestinos Edward Said de la UBA: Contra el memoricidio\u2019. Semanario Brecha (Montevideo). <a href=\"https:\/\/brecha.com.uy\/contra-el-memoricidio\/\">https:\/\/brecha.com.uy\/contra-el-memoricidio\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-61'><a href='#fnref-2509-61'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>61<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uac01\uc790\uc758 \ubc18\uc2dd\ubbfc, \ubc18\uc778\uc885\uc8fc\uc758, \ubc18\uac00\ubd80\uc7a5\uc81c, \ubc18\uad70\uc0ac\uc8fc\uc758 \ud22c\uc7c1\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c, \uad6d\uac00 \ud14c\ub7ec\ub9ac\uc998\uacfc \uc778\uc885\ud654\ub41c \ubab8\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub9c8\uad6c\uc7a1\uc774\ub85c \ucd1d\uc744 \uc3d8\uace0 \uc815\uce58\uc218\ub97c \uc7a5\uae30 \uc218\uac10\ud558\uace0 \ud65c\ub3d9\uac00\ub97c \ub0a9\uce58\ud558\uace0 \uace0\ubb38\uacfc \uc131\ud3ed\ub825\uc744 \uc804\uc7c1 \ubb34\uae30\ub85c \uc4f0\uace0 \ud1a0\uc9c0 \uc218\ud0c8\uacfc \uac15\uc81c \ucd94\ubc29\uc744 \uc77c\uc0bc\ub294 \ub370\uc5d0 \ub9de\uc120, \uc601\ud1a0\uc640 \uacf5\uc720\uc9c0\ub97c \uc9c0\ud0a4\uae30 \uc704\ud55c, \uad6d\uac00 \ud14c\ub7ec\ub9ac\uc998\uc744 \uacaa\ub294 \uac1c\uac1c\uc778, \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc2ec\ub9ac\uc801 \uc9c0\uc6d0\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c, \uc131\ud3ed\ub825\uacfc \ub3d9\uc131\uc560\ud610\uc624\uc5d0 \ub9de\uc120 \ud398\ubbf8\ub2c8\uc2a4\ud2b8, \ud034\uc5b4 \ud22c\uc7c1\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c (\ub610\ud55c \ub2e4\ub978 \ub9ce\uc740 \uac83\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c) \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ud65c\ub3d9\uac00\ub4e4\uacfc \uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc584\ub77c \ud65c\ub3d9\uac00\ub4e4\uc758 \uad50\ub958\ub97c \ud615\uc131\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc5b4\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-62'><a href='#fnref-2509-62'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>62<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> \uc608\ub85c \u300a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.newarab.com\/\">\uc0c8 \uc544\ub78d<sup>The New Arab<\/sup><\/a>\u300b \ud544\uc9c4\uc774\ub098 <a href=\"https:\/\/hara36.substack.com\/\">\ud558\ub77c36.\ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc774\uc57c\uae30<sup>Hara 36. La Palestine narr\u00e9e<\/sup><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/wearenotnumbers.org\/\">\uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294\uc22b\uc790\uac00\uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4<sup>We are not numbers<\/sup><\/a> \uac19\uc740 \uae30\ud68d\uc5d0 \ucc38\uc5ec\ud558\ub294 \uc218\ub9ce\uc740 \uc80a\uc740 \ubaa9\uc18c\ub9ac\ub4e4, \u300a\uc77c\ub809\ud2b8\ub85c\ub2c9 \uc778\ud2f0\ud30c\ub2e4\u300b, \u300a\ubaac\ub3c4\uc640\uc774\uc2a4\u300b, \u300a+972 \ub9e4\uac70\uc9c4\u300b \ub4f1\uc5d0 \uc778\uc885\ud559\uc0b4\uc744 \uc99d\uc5b8\ud558\ub294 \uae00\uc744 \uc2e3\ub294 \uac00\uc790 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4 \ub4f1\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc584\ub77c \ub3c5\uc790\ub4e4\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \ubc88\uc5ed\ub41c \uc8fc\ubaa9\ud560 \ub9cc\ud55c \uc608\uc678\ub85c\ub294 2024\ub144\uc5d0 \uc0e4\ub514 \ub85c\ud558\ub098<sup>Shadi Rohana<\/sup>\uac00 \uc544\ub78d\uc5b4 \uae00\uc744 \ud3b8\uc5ed\ud574 \uba55\uc2dc\ucf54 \uacbd\uc81c\ubb38\ud654\uae30\uae08<sup>Fondo de Cultura Econ\u00f3mica<\/sup>\uc5d0\uc11c \ucd9c\uac04\ud55c \u300e\ub2e8\uc804\uc5d0 \ub9de\uc11c: \uc778\uc885\ud559\uc0b4\uc774 \ubc8c\uc5b4\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\ub294 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fondodeculturaeconomica.com\/Ficha\/9786071684394\/F\">\uac00\uc790\uc5d0\uc11c \uc628 \ubaa9\uc18c\ub9ac\ub4e4<sup>Contra el apag\u00f3n. Voces de Gaza durante el genocidio<\/sup><\/a>\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-63'><a href='#fnref-2509-63'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>63<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> \uc608\ub85c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jadaliyya.com\/\">\uc790\ub2ec\ub9ac\uc57c<sup>Jadaliyya<\/sup><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/al-shabaka.org\/\">\uc54c \uc0e4\ubc14\uce74<sup>Al Shabaka<\/sup><\/a> \uac19\uc740 \uc2f1\ud06c\ud0f1\ud06c, \u300a\uc54c \uc790\uc9c0\ub77c\u300b\ub97c \ube44\ub86f\ud574 (\u300a\ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ud398\uc774\ud37c<sup>The Palestine Papers<\/sup>\u300b, \u300a\ub354 \ub85c\ube44<sup>The Lobby<\/sup>\u300b, \u300a10\uc6d4 7\uc77c<sup>October 7<\/sup>\u300b, \u300a\uac00\uc790: \uacf5\uaca9 \ub2f9\ud558\ub294 \uc758\uc0ac\ub4e4<sup>Gaza: Doctors under attack<\/sup>\u300b, \u300a\uac00\uc790: \ud3ec\ud654 \uc544\ub798\uc758 \uc5b8\ub860\uc778\ub4e4<sup>Gaza: Journalists under fire<\/sup>\u300b \ub4f1) \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc5b8\ub860\uc5d0\uc11c \ub0b4\ub294 \ud0d0\uc0ac \uae30\ub85d \ub4f1\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc5b8\uc5b4 \uc7a5\ubcbd\uc740 \ucd5c\uadfc\uc758 <a href=\"https:\/\/gazatribunal.com\/the-sarajevo-declaration-of-the-gaza-tribunal\/\">\uac00\uc790 \ubc95\uc815<sup>Gaza Tribunal<\/sup><\/a>\uc774\ub098 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.juedisch-antizionistisch.at\/en\/declaration\">\uc81c1\ucc28\uc720\ub300\uc778\ubc18\uc2dc\uc628\uc8fc\uc758\uc790\ucd1d\ud68c<sup>First Jewish Anti-Zionist Congress<\/sup><\/a> \uac19\uc740 \ud589\uc0ac\ub3c4 \ubcf4\uc774\uc9c0 \uc54a\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4e0\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-64'><a href='#fnref-2509-64'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>64<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> \uc774\ub7f0 \uad50\ub958\uc758 \ud6cc\ub96d\ud55c \uc608\ub85c \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ud65c\ub3d9\uac00\ub4e4\uc774 \uc0ac\ud30c\ud2f0\uc2a4\ud0c0 \uc791\uc740\ud559\uad50<sup>Escuelita Zapatista<\/sup> \u2015 <a href=\"https:\/\/enlacezapatista.ezln.org.mx\/2014\/05\/19\/la-nakba-en-chiapas-las-palabras-desde-lejos-en-la-negra-habitacion-de-la-muerte\/\">\u300e\uce58\uc544\ud30c\uc2a4\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ub098\ud06c\ubc14<sup>La Nakba en Chiapas<\/sup><\/a>\ub77c\ub294 \uc99d\uc5b8\uc9d1\uc744 \ub0b8 \u2015 \ucc38\uc5ec\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4. \ub610 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uace0\ubb34\uc801\uc778 \uc77c\ub85c \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc791\uac00 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=j9a-kKHIK0s\">\uc544\ub9d0 \uc5d0\ucf00\uc774\ud06c<sup>Amal Eqeiq<\/sup><\/a>\uc758 \uacbd\ud5d8\uc774 \uc788\ub294\ub370, \uadf8\ub140\ub294 \uce58\uc544\ud30c\uc2a4\uc5d0 \uba38\ubb3c\uba74\uc11c \ub2f4\uc7a5, \ubcbd\ud654, \uc120\uc8fc\ubbfc \ud22c\uc7c1\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uba55\uc2dc\ucf54\uc640 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc758 \ub2ee\uc740 \uc810\uc744 \ucc3e\uc558\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc774\ub7f0 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84 \uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc584\ub77c \uc5ec\ud589\uc774 \ube44\uad50\uc801 \uc26c\uc6b4 \ud569\uc911\uad6d\uc5d0 \uc0b4\uace0 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uc9c0\uc801\ud574 \ub450\uc5b4\uc57c \ud560 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-65'><a href='#fnref-2509-65'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>65<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> \uc774\ub7f0 \ud604\uc2e4\uc740 \uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc584\ub77c \ub0b4 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8 \ud504\ub85c\ud30c\uac04\ub2e4 \uc0b0\uc5c5\uc758 \ub300\ub300\uc801\uc778 \uc790\uc6d0 \ud22c\uc790\uc640 \ub300\ube44\ub41c\ub2e4. \u2018\uc911\ub3d9 \uc720\uc77c \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc815\u2019\uc758 \u2018\ubb38\uba85\ud654\ub418\uace0 \uacc4\ubabd\ub41c\u2019 \uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0\ub97c \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90c\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc815\uce58\u00b7\uc0ac\ud68c \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790, \uc785\ubc95\uac00, \uc0ac\uc5c5\uac00, \ub178\uc870 \ud65c\ub3d9\uac00, \uc5b8\ub860\uc778, \uacfc\ud559\u00b7\ubb38\ud654\u00b7\uccb4\uc721 \ubd84\uc57c \uc778\uc0ac\ub97c \ud3ec\uc12d\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc720\uae09\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc5d0 \ucd08\uccad\ud558\ub294 \ub370\uc5d0 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc790\uc6d0\uc774 \ud22c\uc5ec\ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-\uc5ed\uc8fc4'><a href='#fnref-2509-\uc5ed\uc8fc4'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>\uc5ed\uc8fc4<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> \ud574\uc678 \ubc29\ubb38\uc790\ub098 \ud65c\ub3d9\uac00\uac00 \ud604\uc9c0 \ud65c\ub3d9\uac00, \uc9c0\uc5ed \uc8fc\ubbfc \ub4f1\uacfc \ub3d9\ud589\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uad70\uc778, \uc2dd\ubbfc \uc815\ucc29\uc790 \ub4f1\uc774 \uc27d\uc0ac\ub9ac \ud3ed\ub825\uc744 \ud589\uc0ac\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uac8c \ud558\ub294 \ud65c\ub3d9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-66'><a href='#fnref-2509-66'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>66<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> UN \uc548\ubcf4\ub9ac \uacb0\uc758 2803\ud638(2025\ub144 11\uc6d4 17\uc77c)\ub97c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.latercera.com\/mundo\/noticia\/autoridad-palestina-pide-implementar-de-inmediato-la-resolucion-del-consejo-de-seguridad-de-la-onu-sobre-gaza\/\">PA\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc218\uc6a9<\/a>\ud55c \ub370 \ubc18\ud574 <a href=\"https:\/\/pchrgaza.org\/position-paper-palestinian-civil-society-condemns-unsc-resolution-2803-establishing-joint-us-israel-illegal-occupation-of-gaza\/\">\ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc2dc\ubbfc\uc0ac\ud68c<\/a>\ub294 \ubb3c\ub860 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.yemenextra.net\/2025\/11\/18\/palestinian-factions-the-un-security-council-resolution-is-a-failed-american-trusteeship-and-resistance-remains-a-legitimate-right\/\">\uac70\uc758 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc758 \uc815\uce58 \uc138\ub825, \ubd84\ud30c\ub4e4\uc774 \uc774\ub97c \uac70\ubd80<\/a>\ud55c \uac83\uc740 PA\uc640 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ubbfc\uc911 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uace8\uc774 \uae4a\uc5b4\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc900\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-67'><a href='#fnref-2509-67'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>67<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> Scahill, J., op. cit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-\uc5ed\uc8fc5'><a href='#fnref-2509-\uc5ed\uc8fc5'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>\uc5ed\uc8fc5<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc774\ub098 \uc601\uc5b4\uad8c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub818\uc73c\ub85c \ubd88\ub9ac\ub294 \uacf3\uc758 \uc544\ub78d\uc5b4 \uba85\uce6d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-\uc5ed\uc8fc6'><a href='#fnref-2509-\uc5ed\uc8fc6'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>\uc5ed\uc8fc6<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> \u2018\uace0\uadc0\ud55c \uc131\uc18c\u2019\ub77c\ub294 \ub73b\uc73c\ub85c, \uc54c \ucfe0\ub4dc\uc2a4 \uc61b \ub3c4\uc2ec\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uc774\uc2ac\ub78c\uad50 \uc131\uc9c0\ub2e4. \ubc14\uc704\ub3d4\uacfc \uc54c \uc544\ud06c\uc0ac \ubaa8\uc2a4\ud06c\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc720\ub300\uad50\uc640 \uae30\ub3c5\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0\ub85c \uc131\uc9c0\uc774\uba70, \uc131\uc804\uc0b0\uc73c\ub85c \ubd88\ub9b0\ub2e4. 2000\ub144 9\uc6d4\uc5d0 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8 \ub9ac\ucfe0\ub4dc\ub2f9 \ub2f9\uc218 \uc544\ub9ac\uc5d8 \uc0e4\ub860\uc774 \uc774\uacf3\uc744 \ubc29\ubb38\ud55c \uac83\uc774 \uc81c2\ucc28 \uc778\ud2f0\ud30c\ub2e4\uc758 \uacc4\uae30\uac00 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. 2021\ub144 \ub2e8\uacb0 \uc778\ud2f0\ud30c\ub2e4 \uc2dc\uae30\uc5d0\ub294 \ub77c\ub9c8\ub2e8\uc744 \ub9de\uc544 \uc54c \uc544\ud06c\uc0ac \ubaa8\uc2a4\ud06c\uc5d0 \ubaa8\uc778 \uc2dc\uc704\ub300\ub97c \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8 \uacbd\ucc30\uc774 \ud3ed\ub825 \uc9c4\uc555\ud588\uace0, \ud558\ub9c8\uc2a4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uacbd\ucc30\uc758 \ucca0\uc218\ub97c \uc694\uad6c\ud588\ub2e4\uac00 \uc751\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc790 \ubbf8\uc0ac\uc77c\uc744 \ubc1c\uc0ac\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-\uc5ed\uc8fc7'><a href='#fnref-2509-\uc5ed\uc8fc7'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>\uc5ed\uc8fc7<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> \ubc14\ube4c\ub860\uc5d0 \ud30c\uad34\ub41c \uc131\uc804\uacfc \ub85c\ub9c8\uc5d0 \ud30c\uad34\ub41c \uc131\uc804\uc744 \uacc4\uc2b9\ud558\ub294 \uc131\uc804.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-68'><a href='#fnref-2509-68'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>68<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> \uc778\uc885\ud559\uc0b4 \uccab \ub2ec\uc5d0 \uc0b4\ud574 \ub2f9\ud55c \uac00\uc790\uc758 \uc2dc\uc778 <a href=\"https:\/\/masticadoresfem.wordpress.com\/2023\/11\/03\/el-oxigeno-no-es-para-los-muertos-de-heba-abu-nada-por-angeles-fernangomez\/\">\ud788\ubc14 \uc544\ubd80 \ub098\ub2e4<sup>Hiba Abu Nada<\/sup><\/a>\ub294 \uc774\ub97c \u2018\uc21c\uad50\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \ube5b\u2019\uc774\ub77c \ubd88\ub800\ub2e4. \uc544\ube44\uc57c \uc584\ub77c\uc758 \ud574\ubc29\uc2e0\ud559\uc774 \ubc18 \uc138\uae30 \uc804\uc5d0 \uac00\ub974\uccd0 \uc900 \uac83\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ud655\uc2e0\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-69'><a href='#fnref-2509-69'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>69<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> Abdeljawad, O. (2024) \u2018The question of Hamas and the Left, 31 May. <a href=\"https:\/\/mondoweiss.net\/2024\/05\/the-question-of-hamas-and-the-left\/\">https:\/\/mondoweiss.net\/2024\/05\/the-question-of-hamas-and-the-left\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-70'><a href='#fnref-2509-70'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>70<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> Hroub, K. (2024) \u2018Conversation with Dr. Khaled Hroub\u2019. In H. Cobban and R. Khouri (Eds.) <em>Understanding Hamas. And why that matters<\/em>. New York: OR Books. \ub610\ud55c \ud750\ub8e8\ube0c\uac00 \uc774 \uc8fc\uc81c\ub97c \ub17c\ud558\ub294 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=LE8pu6QP7fM\">\uc601\uc0c1<\/a>\uc744 \ucc38\uace0\ud558\ub77c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-71'><a href='#fnref-2509-71'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>71<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> \ub0a8\uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74 \uad50\ud68c\ub4e4\uc774 1985\ub144\uc5d0 \uc11c\uad6c \uad50\ud68c\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc544\ud30c\ub974\ud2b8\ud5e4\uc774\ud2b8 \ucca0\ud3d0\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \uc9c0\uc9c0\ub97c \uc694\uccad\ud588\ub358 \ub370\uc5d0\uc11c \uc601\uac10\uc744 \uc5bb\uc5b4, 2009\ub144\uc5d0 \ud55c \uacf5\uc758\ud68c \ub2e8\uccb4\uc5d0\uc11c \ubca0\ub4e4\ub808\ud5f4\uc5d0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kairospalestine.ps\/index.php\/about-kairos\/kairos-palestine-document\">\u3008\uce74\uc774\ub85c\uc2a4 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778<sup>Kairos Palestine<\/sup>\u3009<\/a>\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ubb38\uc11c\ub97c \ubc30\ud3ec\ud588\ub2e4. \uc2dd\ubbfc \uc810\ub839, \uc544\ud30c\ub974\ud2b8\ud5e4\uc774\ud2b8, \uc778\uc885\ud559\uc0b4\uc744 \uaddc\ud0c4\ud558\uace0 BDS\ub97c \uc9c0\uc9c0\ud558\uba70 \ud574\ubc29\uc744 \uc774\ub8f0 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \uc804 \uc138\uacc4 \uae30\ub3c5\uad50\uc778\uacfc \uae30\ub3c5\uad50 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\ub4e4\uc774 \uc9c0\uc9c0\ud574 \ub2ec\ub77c\uace0 \uc694\uccad\ud558\ub294 \ubb38\uc11c\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\ub97c \uc8fc\ub3c4\ud55c \uc774\ub4e4 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\ub294 \uc2e0\ud559\uc790 <a href=\"https:\/\/rpl-hds-harvard-edu.translate.goog\/news\/2025\/04\/29\/video-christ-rubble-faith-bible-and-genocide-gaza?_x_tr_sl=en&amp;_x_tr_tl=es&amp;_x_tr_hl=es&amp;_x_tr_pto=tc\">\ubb38\ud14c\ub974 \uc774\uc0ad<sup>Munther Isaac<\/sup><\/a>\uc73c\ub85c, \uadf8\uc758 \uc120\uc9c0\uc790\uc801 \uba54\uc2dc\uc9c0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.religiondigital.org\/religion-_biblia_y_hermeneutica_latinoamericana\/Cristo-escombros_7_2627207268.html\">\u300e\ud3d0\ud5c8 \uc18d\uc758 \uc608\uc218<sup>Christ Among the Rubble<\/sup>\u300f<\/a>\ub294 \uc9c0\ub09c \ub450 \ud574 \ub3d9\uc548 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=WO8cxDuhsQ4\">\uc138\uacc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c<\/a> \ub110\ub9ac \uc54c\ub824\uc84c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-72'><a href='#fnref-2509-72'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>72<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> \uc608\ub85c \ub2e4\uc74c\uc744 \ubcf4\ub77c.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/j.ctt1cgf044?turn_away=true\"><em>Theologies of Liberation in Palestine-Israel: Indigenous, Contextual and Postcolonial Perspectives<\/em><\/a>(2014), edited by Nur Masalha and Lisa Isherwood.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-73'><a href='#fnref-2509-73'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>73<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> \uac8c\ub2e4\uac00, \uad6d\uc81c\uc0ac\ubc95\uc7ac\ud310\uc18c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 2024\ub144 7\uc6d4 19\uc77c\uc790 \uad8c\uace0\uc801 \uc758\uacac\uc5d0\uc11c \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \ubbfc\uc871\uc758 \uc790\uacb0\uad8c\uc740 \ud611\uc0c1\uc5d0 \ub2ec\ub824 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2d8\uc744, \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc5d0\ub294 \ubd88\ubc95 \uc2dd\ubbfc \uc815\ucc29\uc790 \uc810\ub839 \uccb4\uc81c\ub97c \ud574\uccb4\ud560 \uc758\ubb34\uac00, \ub2e4\ub978 \ub098\ub77c\ub4e4\uc5d0\ub294 \uadf8\uc5d0 \ud611\ub825\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uadf8 \uc885\uc2dd\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uc870\uce58\ub97c \ucde8\ud560 \uc758\ubb34\uac00 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \ubd84\uba85\ud788 \ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-74'><a href='#fnref-2509-74'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>74<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> \uc774\uce20\ud559 \ub77c\ube48<sup>Yitzhak Rabin<\/sup>, \uc2dc\ubaac \ud398\ub808\uce20<sup>Shimon Peretz<\/sup>, \ud639\uc740 \uc5d0\ud6c4\ub4dc \ubc14\ub77c\ud06c<sup>Ehud Barak<\/sup> \uac19\uc740 <a href=\"https:\/\/mondoweiss.net\/2014\/01\/generous-bantustans-checkpoints\/\">\ub178\ub3d9 \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790\ub4e4<\/a>\uc774 \u2018\ub450 \uad6d\uac00 \ud574\ubc95\u2019\uc744 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ud560 \ub54c \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc57d\uac04\uc758 \uc790\uc728\uc131\uc740 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc9c4\uc815\ud55c \uc8fc\uad8c\uc744 \ube44\ub86f\ud574 \ub3c5\ub9bd \uad6d\uac00\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\ub294 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc18d\uc131\ub4e4\uc740 \uc5c6\ub294, \uae30\uaecf\ud574\uc57c \ubc18\ud22c\uc2a4\ud0c4\uc5d0 \uac00\uae4c\uc6b4 \uc790\uadf8\ub9c8\ud55c \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \u2018\uad6d\uac00\u2019\uc784\uc740 \uc798 \uc54c\ub824\uc838 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-\uc5ed\uc8fc8'><a href='#fnref-2509-\uc5ed\uc8fc8'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>\uc5ed\uc8fc8<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> defense-of-territory. \uc120\uc8fc\ubbfc \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\uc758 \uc601\ud1a0\uc640 \uc790\uc6d0, \uc0dd\ud0dc\uacc4\ub97c \uc9c0\ud0a4\uace0 \uadf8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubc95\uc801 \uad8c\ub9ac\ub97c \ud655\ub9bd\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \ud65c\ub3d9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-75'><a href='#fnref-2509-75'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>75<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> Oliveira Soares, A. (2025) Op. cit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-76'><a href='#fnref-2509-76'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>76<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> Landi, M. (2025) \u2018Con In\u00e8s Abdel Razek y Qassam Muaddi: En las consecuencias del genocidio se est\u00e1 dibujando otro orden mundial\u2019, 30 October. <a href=\"https:\/\/brecha.com.uy\/razek_muaddi\/\">https:\/\/brecha.com.uy\/razek_muaddi\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class='md_footnote' id='fn-2509-77'><a href='#fnref-2509-77'><sup>&#8613;<\/sup>77<\/a><\/span><span class='md_footnote_text'> Mansour, I. (2025) <em>Gaza resiste. Un sufrimiento inolvidable<\/em>. Montevideo: Alter Ediciones (published in collaboration with four solidarity collectives).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#51204; &#49464;&#44228;, &#53945;&#55176; &#51204; &#51648;&#44396;&#51201; &#45224;&#48512;&#51032; &#48124;&#51473;&#51008; &#49345;&#51669;&#51201; &#51648;&#51648;&#47484; &#45336;&#50612; &#54400;&#49100;&#47532; &#51312;&#51649;&#54868;, BDS, &#45224;&#48512;-&#45224;&#48512; &#50672;&#45824; &#46321; &#51060;&#49828;&#46972;&#50648;&#51032; &#51221;&#52265;&#51088;-&#49885;&#48124; &#44592;&#54925;&#51012; &#51333;&#49885;&#49884;&#53420; &#44396;&#52404;&#51201;&#51064; &#54665;&#46041;&#51004;&#47196; &#45208;&#50500;&#44032;&#50556; &#54620;&#45796;. &#51060; &#44544;&#51008; &#54036;&#47112;&#49828;&#53440;&#51064;&#51012; &#48152;&#49885;&#48124; &#53804;&#51137;&#51032; &#50724;&#47004; &#50669;&#49324; &#49549;&#50640; &#50948;&#52824;&#49884;&#53412;&#45716; &#12298;&#47788;&#46020;&#50752;&#51060;&#49828;&#12299;&middot;&#52488;&#44397;&#44032;&#50672;&#44396;&#49548;Transnational Institute &#44277;&#46041; &#44592;&#54925; &#50672;&#51116;&#51032; &#52395; &#48264;&#51704; &#44544;&#51060;&#45796;. &#51060; &#44544;&#51008; &#51060;&#49828;&#46972;&#50648;&#51032; &#54036;&#47112;&#49828;&#53440;&#51064; &#51064;&#51333;&#54617;&#49332;&#51060; &#52572;&#44256;&#47196; &#47924;&#51088;&#48708;&#54620; &#44397;&#47732;&#50640; &#51080;&#50632;&#45912; &#49884;&#44592;(2025&#45380; 6-7&#50900;)&#50640; &#50044;&#45796;. &#51060; &#44544;&#51012;&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[11],"class_list":["post-2509","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-mondoweiss","tag-11"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin 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