{"id":1605,"date":"2025-03-26T16:06:25","date_gmt":"2025-03-26T07:06:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/slowlyaspossible.net\/memoranda\/?p=1605"},"modified":"2025-03-26T16:06:27","modified_gmt":"2025-03-26T07:06:27","slug":"%eb%b2%88%ec%97%ad-%eb%ac%bc%eb%9f%ac%ec%84%9c%ea%b8%b0-%eb%82%b4%eb%8b%a4%eb%b3%b4%ea%b8%b0-%ed%8a%b8%eb%9e%9c%ec%8a%a4%ec%a0%a0%eb%8d%94-%ec%9a%b4%eb%8f%99%ea%b3%bc-%ed%8a%b8%eb%9e%9c%ec%8a%a4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/slowlyaspossible.net\/memoranda\/1605\/","title":{"rendered":"[\ubc88\uc5ed] \ubb3c\ub7ec\uc11c\uae30, \ub0b4\ub2e4\ubcf4\uae30. \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uacfc \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc758 \uc704\uce58 \u2015 \ud06c\ub9ac\uc2a4 \ud558\uc57c\uc2dc, \ub9e4\ud2b8 \ub9ac\ucc98\ub4dc\uc2a8, \uc218\uc804 \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub77c\uc774\ucee4\uac00 \ubcf4\ub294 \uc6b4\ub3d9 (\uc774\uba54\uc77c \ub77c\uc6b4\ub4dc\ud14c\uc774\ube14, 2008)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\uc6d0\ubb38: Paisley Currah, “Stepping Back, Looking Outward: Situating Transgender Activism and Transgender Studies\u2014Kris Hayashi, Matt Richardson, and Susan Stryker Frame the Movement<\/a>,” Sexuality Research & Social Policy<\/em> Vol. 5. No. 1, 2008, pp. 93-105.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u300e\uc139\uc288\uc5bc\ub9ac\ud2f0 \uc5f0\uad6c & \uc0ac\ud68c \uc815\ucc45Sexuality Research & Social Policy\u300f\uc758 \ub450 \uad8c\uc9dc\ub9ac \ud2b9\uc9d1\ud638 \u300a\uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ucc98\ud55c \uad6d\uac00: \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \uc815\ucc45\uc5d0\uc11c \uac15\uc555\uacfc \uc800\ud56d\uc758 \uc704\uce58\ub4e4The State We\u2019re In: Locations of Coercion and Resistance in Trans Policy\u300b\uc758 \ubaa9\ud45c\ub294 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354 \uad8c\ub9ac \uc639\ud638\uc640 \uc815\ucc45 \uac1c\ud601\uc5d0 \uc989\uac01\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uc2e4\ucc9c\uc801\uc778 \uac00\uce58\ub97c \uac16\ub294 \uc5f0\uad6c\ub97c \uc870\uba85\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ud2b9\uc9d1\ud638 \uac1d\uc6d0 \ud3b8\uc9d1\uc790\ub97c \ub9e1\uc740 \ub518 \uc2a4\ud398\uc774\ub4dcDean Spade\uc640 \ub098\ub294 \uc5ec\uae30 \uc2e4\uc740 \uae00\ub4e4\uc774 \uc774 \ubaa9\ud45c\ub97c \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ud6cc\ub96d\ud788 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc804\uccb4\ub85c\uc11c \uc774 \uae00\ub4e4\uc740 \uc131\ubcc4 \uaddc\ubc94\uc744 \uac15\ud654\ud558\ub824\ub294 \uad6d\uac00\uc758 \ub178\ub825\uc744 \ub4dc\ub7ec\ub0b4\ub294 \ubc95, \uaddc\uc815, \uad00\ud589\uc740 \ubb3c\ub860 \uadf8 \ub178\ub825\uc758 \ud6a8\uacfc\uc640 \uc639\ud638\uac00\ub4e4\uc774 \uadf8\uc5d0 \uc800\ud56d\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ucde8\ud55c \ud2b9\uc815 \uc804\ub7b5\ub4e4\uc744 \uad11\ubc94\uc704\ud558\uac8c \uac80\ud1a0\ud55c\ub2e4. \ub300\uac1c\uac00 \uc131\ubcc4 \uc815\uccb4\uc131\uc774\ub098 \uc131\ubcc4 \ud45c\ud604\uc5d0 \uad00\uc2b5\uc5d0 \ub9de\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc774\ub4e4\uc774 \uac00\ud639\ud55c \uacb0\uacfc\uc744 \ub9c8\uc8fc\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uace4 \ud558\ub294 \ud604 \uc2dc\uc810\uc758 \uae09\ubb34\uc5d0 \uc8fc\ubaa9\ud55c \uae00\ub4e4\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc774\ubc88 \ub77c\uc6b4\ub4dc\ud14c\uc774\ube14\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294, \uad6d\uac00\uac00 \uac15\uc555\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc2dc\ud589\ud558\ub294 \uc131\ubcc4 \uc774\ubd84\ubc95\uc740 \ubb3c\ub860 \uadf8\uac83\uc744 \uac00\ub2a5\ucf00 \ud558\ub294 \uad8c\ub825 \uc790\uccb4\uc5d0 \ub3c4\uc804\ud574 \uc628 \uc6b4\ub3d9 \u2015 LGBT \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\ub4e4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub300\uac1c, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uac08\uc218\ub85d \ub300\uc911 \uc5b8\ub860\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4, \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \uc820\ub354 \uad8c\ub9ac \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc774\ub77c \ubd88\ub9ac\ub294 \u2015 \uc744 \uc870\uae08 \ubb3c\ub7ec\uc11c\uc11c \uc0b4\ud3b4 \ubcf8\ub2e4. \uacf5\ub3d9\ud3b8\uc9d1\uc790\uc640 \ub098\uc758 \uc8fc\uc548\uc810\uc740 \uc774 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \uad00\uacc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\ub294 \ub300\ud654\ub97c \ub04c\uc5b4\ub0b4\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc740 \ubc18\uc778\uc885\uc8fc\uc758 \ud65c\ub3d9 \uac19\uc740 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc0ac\ud68c \uc815\uc758 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uacfc \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ub9de\ubb3c\ub9ac\ub294\uac00? \uadf8\uc800 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354<\/strong>\ub77c\ub294 \uc11c\uad6c\uc801 \uac1c\ub150\uc744 \uc218\ucd9c\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uadf8\uce58\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0\ub3c4 \ud569\uc911\uad6d \ubc14\uae65 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uacf3\uc758 \uc131\ubcc4 \uc790\uae30\uacb0\uc815 \ud22c\uc7c1\uc640 \uc720\ube44\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud30c\uc545\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub294\uac00? \uc131\ubcc4 \ub610\ud55c \uc778\uc885\ud654\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294, \uc778\uc885 \ubc94\uc8fc \ub610\ud55c \uc131\ubcc4 \uaddc\ubc94\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uac15\ud654\ub41c\ub2e4\ub294 \uad00\ub150\uc740 \uc774 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc758 \uc815\ucc45 \ubaa9\ud45c\uc5d0 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\uce58\ub294\uac00? \uadf8\ub807\ub2e4\uba74, \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\uce58\uace0 \uc788\ub294\uac00? \uc774 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc758 \uacfc\uac70, \ud604\uc7ac, \ubbf8\ub798 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\ub294 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uc774\ud574\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294\uac00?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9\uc73c\ub85c, \uc774\ubc88 \uae30\ud68c\uc5d0, \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354 \uc5f0\uad6c\ub77c\ub294 \uc2e0\uc0dd \ud559\uc220 \ubd84\uc57c\uc640 \uadf8 \uc911\uc2ec \uc5f0\uad6c \ub300\uc0c1 \u2015 \uc804\ud1b5\uc801\uc778 \uc131\ubcc4 \uaddc\ubc94\uc131\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc820\ub354\ube44\uc21c\uc751\uc778\uc758 \ub3c4\uc804 \u2015 \uc758 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uace0\ucc30\ud574 \ubcf4\uace0 \uc2f6\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ubc88 \u300e\uc139\uc288\uc5bc\ub9ac\ud2f0 \uc5f0\uad6c & \uc0ac\ud68c \uc815\ucc45\u300f \ub450 \uad8c\uc740 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc758 \ubc1c\uc804\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \uc758\ubbf8\uc2ec\uc7a5\ud55c \uc21c\uac04\uc774\ub77c \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uae30\uc5d0 \uc774 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \uace0\ubbfc\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ud2b9\ud788 \uc801\uc808\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud588\ub2e4. \uc9c0\ub09c 10\ub144\uc740 \ud559\uc220\ub300\ud68c, \ud559\uc220\uc9c0 \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud638, \u300e\ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354 \uc5f0\uad6c \uc77d\uae30The Transgender Studies Reader\u300f(Stryker & Whittle, 2006)\ub098 \u300e\ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354 \uad8c\ub9acTransgender Rights\u300f(Currah, Juang, & Minter, 2006)\uc758 \ucd9c\uac04 \ub4f1\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc774 \ud559\uc81c\uc801 \ubd84\uc57c\uac00 \uc790\ub9ac \uc7a1\ub294 \uacfc\uc815\uc744 \ubaa9\ub3c4\ud55c \uc2dc\uac04\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc9c4\ucd9c\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc758 \uc790\ub9ac, \ud2b9\ud788 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \uc8fc\uccb4\ub97c \ubcd1\ub9ac\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uad6c\ucd95\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \uc778\ubb38\ud559 \uc678\uc758 \uc791\uc5c5\uc740 \ud559\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \ubbf8\ubbf8\ud55c \uc218\uc900\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uc0ac\uc2e4, \uacbd\ud5d8\uc5d0 \uae30\ubc18\ud55c \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc758 \uc544\uc8fc \uc911\ub300\ud55c \uce21\uba74 \ud55c \uac00\uc9c0\ub294, \uc774\ubc88 \ud2b9\uc9d1\ud638 \ud544\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uc790\uc804\uc801 \uc11c\uc220\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \ubd84\uba85\ud788 \ub4dc\ub7ec\ub098\ub4ef, \uadf8\uac83\uc774 \uc0dd\uc0b0\ub418\ub294 \uc704\uce58\ub2e4. \uc774\ubc88 \ub450 \uad8c\uc5d0 \uc2e4\ub9b0 \uae00 \uc911 \ub300\ud559 \uc815\ub144 \ud2b8\ub799\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \ud559\uc790\uac00 \uc4f4 \uae00\uc740 \ud55c \ud3b8\ub3c4 \uc5c6\ub2e4. \uc678\ub824 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc2e4\uc740 \uc5f0\uad6c \uc911 \uba87\uc740 \uc8fc 40 \uc2dc\uac04 \uc774\uc0c1 \uc77c\uc744 \ud55c \ud6c4\uc5d0\uc57c \uae00\uc744 \uc4f8 \uc2dc\uac04\uc744 \ub0bc \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc640\uc911\uc5d0 \ud65c\ub3d9\uac00, \uc639\ud638\uac00\uac00 \uc4f4 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uae30\uae08\uc73c\ub85c \uc6b4\uc601\ub418\ub294 \uc2f1\ud06c\ud0f1\ud06c\uc5d0 \uc784\uc2dc\ub85c \uc801\uc744 \ub450\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc790, \ubc15\uc0ac \ud6c4 \uacfc\uc815 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc6d0, \uc790\uc2e0\uc774 \uc5f0\uad6c\ud558\ub294 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\uc5d0 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \ud559\uc704 \ub17c\ubb38\uc744 \uc4f0\uae30\ub85c \ud588\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc18c\uc18d \uc5f0\uad6c \uae30\uad00\uc5d0\uc11c \uc544\uc8fc \uc57d\uac04\uc758 \uc9c0\uc6d0\uc744 \ubc1b\uc744 \ubfd0\uc778 \ub300\ud559\uc6d0\uc0dd\uc774 \uc4f4 \uae00\ub3c4 \uc788\ub2e4. \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354\ub85c \uc815\uccb4\ud654\ud558\ub294 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc790\uc758 \uc0c1\ud669\uc740 \ud2b9\ud788\ub098 \uace4\ub780\ud558\ub2e4. \ucd5c\uadfc\uc5d0 \uc218\uc804 \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub77c\uc774\ucee4Susan Stryker(2007)\uac00 \uc5b4\ub290 \uae00\uc5d0\uc11c \uc124\uba85\ud55c \ubc14 \ub300\ub85c, \uadf8\ub140\uac00 \ud559\uacc4\ub97c \uc9c0\ubc30\ud558\ub294 \uc778\uc2dd\ub860\uc801 \uccb4\uc81c<\/strong>epistemological regime\ub77c \uce6d\ud558\ub294 \uac83 \ud558\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\uc2e0\uccb4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc704\uce58\uc9c0\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294 \uc54ethe bodily situatedness of knowing\uc740 \uacf5\uc2dd\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\uc815\ub418\ub294 \uac1d\uad00\uc801 \uc9c0\uc2dd\uacfc\ub294 \ubd84\ub9ac\ub41c\ub2e4. \ubc18\uaddc\ubc94\uc801\uc778 \uc2e0\uccb4\uc801 \ucc28\uc774\uac00 \uadf8 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc9c0\uc2dd \uc0dd\uc0b0, \uc218\uc6a9\uc5d0 \ubbf8\uce58\ub294 \uc601\ud5a5\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uacbd\ud5d8\uc801 \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc740 \uacb0\uad6d \uadf8\uc800 \uc8fc\uad00\uc801\uc778 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uae4e\uc544\ub0b4\ub824\uc9c4\ub2e4. (p. 154)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\uadf8 \uacb0\uacfc, \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc885\ub958\uc758 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354 \uc804\ubb38\uc131\ub4e4 \u2015 \ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc774 \uad50\uc218\uc9c4\uc5d0\uac8c \ubc18\uc601\ub41c \uac83\uc744 \ubcf4\ub294 \uc77c\uc774 \ud2b9\ud788 \uc911\uc694\ud560 \uac83\ub4e4\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud574 \u2015 \uc740 \ud559\uacc4 \uc9c0\uc2dd \uc0dd\uc0b0\uc5d0\uc11c \uae30\ubc18\uc744 \uac16\ub294 \ub370 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0\uc744 \uacaa\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uadf8\ub7fc\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc774 \ubd84\uc57c\ub294 \uc131\uc7a5\ud560 \uac83\uc774 \ud2c0\ub9bc \uc5c6\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uadf8 \uc131\uc7a5\uc774 \ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc9c0\uc18d\uc801\uc778 \uc81c\ub3c4\uc801 \uc9c0\uc6d0\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\ub294 \uacf3\ub4e4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c0\uae30\ub97c, \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uadf8\ub7f0 \uc9c0\uc6d0\uc774 \uc5c6\ub2e4 \ud558\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354 \uc5f0\uad6c \uc2e4\ucc9c\uac00\ub4e4\uc774 \uacc4\uc18d\ud574\uc11c \uc790\uc2e0\ub4e4\uc774 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\ub4e4\uc744 \uc5f0\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \uadf8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc4f8 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uacf5\uac04\ub4e4\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4 \ub098\uac00\uae30\ub97c \ubc14\ub780\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub798\uc11c, \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc640 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354 \uad00\ub828 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\uc758 \uad6c\uc131\uc744 \uc911\uc2ec\uc73c\ub85c \uc0bc\uc558\ub2e4. \uc774 \ud559\uc220 \uc5f0\uad6c \ubd84\uc57c\ub294 \ud65c\ub3d9\uac00\ub4e4\uc758 \ud22c\uc7c1 \ud55c\uac00\uc6b4\ub370\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uc774\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc5bc\ub9c8\ub098 \uc989\uac01\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubc18\uc751\ud574\uc57c \ud558\ub294\uac00? \uc5f0\uad6c \uc9c8\ubb38\uc758 \ud2c0\uc740 \ub204\uac00 \uc7a1\uc544\uc57c \ud558\ub294\uac00? \uc804\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\ud68c \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc5d0\uc11c \ube44\ub86f\ub41c \u2015 \ubbfc\uc871\uc9c0 \uc5f0\uad6c\ub098 \uc7a5\uc560 \uc5f0\uad6c \uac19\uc740 \u2015 \ub2e4\ub978 \ubd84\uc57c\ub4e4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc30\uc6cc\uc57c \ud560 \uc810\uc740 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc778\uac00?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \ud65c\ub3d9\uac00\uc774\uc790 \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc0dd\uc0b0\uc790\ub85c\uc11c \uc774\ub7f0 \ubb38\uc81c\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uacac\ud574\ub97c \ub098\ub204\uc5b4 \uc628 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uac00 \uc788\ub294 \uc138 \uba85\uc758 \ub3c4\ubc1c\uc801\uc778 \ud65c\ub3d9\uac00-\uc0ac\uc0c1\uac00\ub97c \ud0dd\ud588\ub2e4. \uc18c\uac1c\ud574 \ubcf4\uae30\ub85c \ud558\uc790.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud06c\ub9ac\uc2a4 \ud558\uc57c\uc2dcKris Hayashi\ub294 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\ud589\ub3d9\uc744\uc704\ud55c\uccad\ub144\uc5f0\ud569Youth United for Community Action (YUCA)\uc5d0 7\ub144\uac04 \ubab8\ub2f4\uc558\ub2e4. \uce98\ub9ac\ud3ec\ub2c8\uc544\uc5d0\uc11c \uc815\uc758\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \uc870\uc9c1\ud654\ub97c \ud558\ub294 \uc720\uc0c9\uc778 \uccad\ub144 \uc8fc\ub3c4 \uc870\uc9c1\uc774\ub2e4. YUCA \uc6b4\uc601\uc704\uc6d0\uc7a5executive director\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \ud06c\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub294 \uc0ac\ubb34\uc2e4 \ub450 \uacf3\uacfc 50\ub9cc \ub2ec\ub7ec\uac00 \ub118\ub294 \uc608\uc0b0\uc744 \uad00\ub9ac\ud588\ub2e4. \ud06c\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub294 10\ub144\uc774 \ub118\uac8c \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc0ac\ud68c \uc815\uc758 \uc870\uc9c1\ud654 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc5d0\uc11c \ud65c\ubc1c\ud788 \ud65c\ub3d9\ud588\uc73c\uba70 4\ub144\uc9f8 \uc624\ub4dc\ub9ac\ub85c\ub4dc\ud504\ub85c\uc81d\ud2b8Audre Lorde Project (ALP) \uc6b4\uc601\uc704\uc6d0\uc7a5\uc73c\ub85c \uc77c\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ud06c\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub294 \ub808\uc988\ube44\uc5b8, \uac8c\uc774, \uc591\uc131\uc560\uc790, \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354 (LGBT)\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \uc870\uc9c1 \uc0ac\ubb34\uad6d\uc7a5\uc744 \ub9e1\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uba87 \uc548 \ub418\ub294 \uc720\uc0c9\uc778 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4, \uc820\ub354 \ube44\uc21c\uc751\uc778 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\ub2e4. ALP\ub294 \uc720\uc0c9\uc778 \ub808\uc988\ube44\uc5b8, \uac8c\uc774, \uc591\uc131\uc560\uc790, \ud22c\uc2a4\ud53c\ub9bftwo spirit, \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4 \uc870\uc9c1\uc758 \ub274\uc695\uc2dc \uc77c\ub300 \uad6c\uc2ec\uc810\uc774\ub2e4. ALP\ub294 \ub3d9\uc6d0, \uad50\uc721, \uc5ed\ub7c9 \uad6c\ucd95\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc9c4\ubcf4\uc801\uc778 \uc0ac\ud68c\uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \uc815\uc758\ub294 \ubb3c\ub860 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\uc758 \uc548\ub155\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \ud65c\ub3d9\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ucc28\uc774\ub97c \uac00\ub85c\uc9c0\ub974\ub294 \ud22c\uc7c1\uc5d0 \ud5cc\uc2e0\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub124 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\ub4e4\uc744 \ubc18\uc601\ud558\uace0 \ub300\ubcc0\ud558\uace0 \uadf8\uc5d0 \ubd09\uc0ac\ud558\uace0\uc790 \ud558\ub294 \uacf3\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ub9e4\ud2b8 \ub9ac\ucc98\ub4dc\uc2a8Matt Richardson\uc740 \uc624\uc2a4\ud2f4 \ud14d\uc0ac\uc2a4\ub300\ud559\uad50 \uc601\uc5b4\uacfc \uc870\uad50\uc218\uc774\uba70, \uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74\uc778\u00b7\uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74\uacc4\ubbf8\uad6d\uc778\uc5f0\uad6c\uc18c, \uc820\ub354\u00b7\uc5ec\uc131\uc5f0\uad6c\uc18c\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uad00\uc5ec\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ub9e4\ud2b8\uc758 \uc5f0\uad6c \uc8fc\uc81c\ub294 \uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74\uacc4 \ubbf8\uad6d \ubb38\ud654 \uc5f0\uad6c, \uc601\uad6d \ud751\uc778 \ubb38\ud654 \uc5f0\uad6c, \ud034\uc5b4 \uc774\ub860, \ud398\ubbf8\ub2c8\uc998 \uc5f0\uad6c, \uc601\ud654 \uc5f0\uad6c \ub4f1\uc774\ub2e4. \ub9e4\ud2b8\ub294 \ubc84\ud074\ub9ac \uce98\ub9ac\ud3ec\ub2c8\uc544 \ub300\ud559\uc5d0\uc11c \uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74 \ub514\uc544\uc2a4\ud3ec\ub77c \uc5f0\uad6c\ub85c \ubc15\uc0ac \ud559\uc704\ub97c \ucde8\ub4dd\ud588\uc73c\uba70 \uc8fc \uc138\ubd80 \uc804\uacf5\uc740 \uc820\ub354\u00b7\uc5ec\uc131 \uc5f0\uad6c\ub2e4. \uadfc\uc791\uc73c\ub85c \u300c\ube44\ubc00\uc740 \uadf8\ub9cc, \uac70\uc9d3\ub9d0\ub3c4 \uadf8\ub9cc: \uac15\uc81c\uc801 \uc774\uc131\ud574\uc57c \uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74\uacc4 \ubbf8\uad6d\uc778\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0acNo More Secrets, No More Lies: Compulsory Heterosexuality and African American History\u300d(2003)\uac00 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uc120\uc9d1 \u300e\uc5ed\uaca8\uc6cc! \ub3d9\ud654\uc5d0 \uc800\ud56d\ud558\ub294 \ud034\uc5b4 \uc804\ub7b5\ub4e4That\u2019s Revolting! Queer Strategies for Resisting Assimilation\u300f(Sycamore, 2004)\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uacf5\uc800\ub85c \ub300\ud559 \ucea0\ud37c\uc2a4 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4, \uc820\ub354\ud034\uc5b4 \ud654\uc7a5\uc2e4 \uc870\uc9c1\ud654\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \u300c\ud654\uc7a5\uc2e4 \ud601\uba85\uac00 \ubaa8\ub450 \ubaa8\uc5ec\ub77c!Calling All Restroom Revolutionaries!\u300d\uc640 \ud751\uc778\uc131\uacfc \ub3d9\uc131 \uacb0\ud63c\uc744 \ub17c\ud558\ub294 \u300c\ub3d9\uc131 \uacb0\ud63c\uc740 \uc778\uc885\uc8fc\uc758\uc801\uc778\uac00? Is Gay Marriage Racist?\u300d \ub4f1 \ub450 \ud3b8\uc744 \uc2e4\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uc218\uc804 \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub77c\uc774\ucee4\ub294 \ube0c\ub9ac\ud2f0\uc2dc\uceec\ub7fc\ube44\uc544\uc8fc \ubc84\ub098\ube44\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uc0ac\uc774\uba3c\ud504\ub808\uc800\ub300\ud559\uad50\uc758 2007-2008\ub144 \uc5ec\uc131\uc5f0\uad6c \ub8e8\uc2a4 \uc708 \uc6b0\ub4dc\uc6cc\ub4dc \uc11d\uc88c \uad50\uc218\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub140\ub294 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354\uc640 \uc139\uc288\uc5bc\ub9ac\ud2f0\ub97c \uc8fc\uc81c\ub85c \ud559\uacc4\uc640 \ub300\uc911\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \ud3ed\ub113\uc740 \uc800\uc220\ud65c\ub3d9\uc744 \ud574 \uc654\ub2e4. \ucd5c\uadfc\uc5d0\ub294 \u300e\ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354 \uc5f0\uad6c \uc77d\uae30\u300f(Struker & White, 2006)\ub97c \uacf5\uc800\ud588\uc73c\uba70 \uc5d0\ubbf8\uc0c1 \uc218\uc0c1 \uc601\ud654 \u300a\ube44\uba85 \uc9c0\ub974\ub294 \uc5ec\uc655\ub4e4: \ucef4\ud2bc\uc2a4\uce74\ud398\ud14c\ub9ac\uc544 \ud3ed\ub3d9Screaming Queens: The Riot at Compton\u2019s Cafeteria\u300b(Silverman & Stryker, 2005).\ub97c \uacf5\ub3d9\uc5f0\ucd9c\ud588\ub2e4. \uacfc\uac70 \u300eGLQ: \ub808\uc988\ube44\uc5b8\u00b7\uac8c\uc774\uc5f0\uad6c\uc9c0GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies\u300f \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354 \uc5f0\uad6c \ud2b9\uc9d1\ud638(1998) \uac1d\uc6d0\ud3b8\uc9d1\uc790\ub97c \ub9e1\uc740 \ubc14 \uc788\uc73c\uba70 \ub78c\ub2e4 \ubb38\ud559\uc0c1 \ud6c4\ubcf4\uc5d0 \uc624\ub978 \u300e\uc0cc\ud504\ub780\uc2dc\uc2a4\ucf54 \ub9cc\uc548 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc758 \ud034\uc5b4\ubb38\ud654\uc0acGay by the Bay: A History of Queer Culture in the San Francisco Bay Area\u300f(Stryker & Van Buskirk, 1996), \u300e\ud034\uc5b4 \ud384\ud504: \ud398\uc774\ud37c\ubc31 \ud669\uae08 \uc2dc\ub300\uc758 \ub3c4\ucc29\uc801 \uc5f4\uc815\ub4e4Queer Pulp: Perverted Passions From the Golden Age of the Paperback\u300f(Stryker, 2001)\uc744 \uc37c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub140\ub294 1992\ub144\uc5d0 \ubc84\ud074\ub9ac \uce98\ub9ac\ud3ec\ub2c8\uc544\ub300\ud559\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c \ubbf8\uad6d\uc0ac\ub85c \ubc15\uc0ac \ud559\uc704\ub97c \ucde8\ub4dd\ud588\uc73c\uba70 \uc774\ud6c4 \uce98\ub9ac\ud3ec\ub2c8\uc544 \ud314\ub85c \uc54c\ud1a0\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uc2a4\ud0e0\ud3ec\ub4dc\ub300\ud559\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c \uc139\uc288\uc5bc\ub9ac\ud2f0\uc5f0\uad6c \ubc15\uc0ac \ud6c4 \uacfc\uc815 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc6d0\uc744 \uc9c0\ub0c8\uace0, 1999\ub144\ubd80\ud130 2003\ub144\uae4c\uc9c0\ub294 \uc0cc\ud504\ub780\uc2dc\ud06c\uace0 GLBT\uc5ed\uc0ac\ud559\ud611\ud68c \uc6b4\uc601\uc704\uc6d0\uc7a5\uc73c\ub85c \uc77c\ud588\ub2e4. 2006-2007\ub144 \ub274\uc695\uc2dc\ub9bd\ub300\ud559\uad50 \ub300\ud559\uc6d0\uacfc\uc815 \ub808\uc988\ube44\uc5b8\u00b7\uac8c\uc774\uc5f0\uad6c\uc13c\ud130 \ub9c8\ud2f4 \ub354\ubc84\ub9e8 \uc11d\uc88c \uc5f0\uad6c\uc6d0\uc744 \uc9c0\ub0c8\ub2e4. \uc720\uba85 \uc131\uc804\ud658\uc790transsexual \ud06c\ub9ac\uc2a4\ud2f4 \uc870\ub974\uac90\uc2a8Christine Jorgensen\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc601\ud654\uc640 \uc0cc\ud504\ub780\uc2dc\uc2dc\ucf54 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ucc45, \ub450 \uc2e0\uc791\uc744 \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uc900\ube44\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud06c\ub9ac\uc2a4 \ud558\uc57c\uc2dc, \ub9e4\ud2b8 \ub9ac\ucc98\ub4dc\uc2a8, \uc218\uc804 \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub77c\uc774\ucee4\uc640 \ub098\ub208 \uc774\ubc88 \ub77c\uc6b4\ub4dc\ud14c\uc774\ube14\uc740 2007\ub144 1\uc6d4\ubd80\ud130 3\uc6d4\uae4c\uc9c0, \uad6c\uc870\ud654\ub41c \uc804\uc790\uc11c\uc2e0 \uad50\ud658\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc84c\ub2e4. \ub2f5\ubcc0\uc740 \uc791\uc131 \uc21c\uc11c\ub300\ub85c \uc2e4\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud06c\ub9ac\uc2a4 \ud558\uc57c\uc2dc\ub294 \uc138 \ubc88\uc9f8 \uc9c8\ubb38\uc5d0\ub294 \ub2f5\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uc0c8\ub85c\uc774 \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \uad8c\ub9ac \uc6b4\ub3d9 \u2015 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\uba74 \u2015 \uc740 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ubaa8\uc2b5\uc744 \ub760\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70 \uad6d\ub0b4\uc678 \uad11\ubc94\uc704\ud55c \uc0ac\ud68c \uc815\uc758 \ud22c\uc7c1\uacfc \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ub9de\ubb3c\ub9ac\ub294\uac00? \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \ud65c\ub3d9\uac00\ub4e4\uacfc \uc6b0\ub9ac \uc5f0\ub300\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uc544\uc9c1 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \ud575\uc2ec\uc801\uc778 \uc5f0\ud569\uc758 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uac83\uc774 \uc788\ub294\uac00?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uc218\uc804 \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub77c\uc774\ucee4:<\/strong> \uc5ed\uc0ac\uac00\ub85c\uc11c \ub098\ub294 \uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c\ub97c \ud604\uc7ac\uc5d0 \uc704\uce58 \uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \ud55c \uac00\uc9c0 \ubc29\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \uacfc\uac70\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5ec\ub2e4 \ubcf4\uace4 \ud55c\ub2e4. 20\uc138\uae30\ub97c \uc54c\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ud6c4\uc2dc\uacbd\uc744 \uc2ac\uca4d \ubcf4\uba74, \uc9c0\uae08 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc5d0\uac8c \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ubd84\uba85\ud558\ub2e4 \u2015 \ub9e4\uc77c \uac19\uc774 \uad00\uc5ec\ud558\ub2e4 \ubcf4\uba74 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ub2e4\uc131\uc801polyvocal, \ub2e4\ubc29\ud5a5\uc801, \ubaa8\uc21c\uc801\uc774\uc5b4 \ubcf4\uae30\uc774\ub294 \ud558\uaca0\uc9c0\ub9cc \ub9d0\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \uad8c\ub9ac \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc758 \uc2dc\uc791\uc810\uc774 \uc5b4\ub514\uc778\uac00 \ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ub09c\ud574\ud55c \ubb38\uc81c, \uc544\ub9c8\ub3c4 \uc8fc\ub85c \uc5ed\uc0ac\uac00\uac00 \uad00\uc2ec\uc744 \uac00\uc9c8 \ubb38\uc81c\ub2e4. \uc820\ub354\ud654\ub41c \uc790\uc544\uac10\uc744 \uc139\uc2a4\ud654\ub41c \uccb4\ud604\uacfc \uc5f0\uad00\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \ud604\uc7ac\uc758 \uad00\uc2b5\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uc9c0\ubc30\uc801\uc778 \ud328\ud134\uc5d0 \ub9de\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \uc2dc\uc810, \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ubb38\ud654\uad8c\uc5d0\uac74 \ub9ce\ub2e4. \uc120\ub300\uc774\uc790 \ub3d9\uc871\uc758 \ud63c\uc744 \uac00\uc9c4 \uc774\ub85c\uc11c \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uadf8\ub4e4\uacfc \uc5f0\uacb0\ub418\uace0 \uc2f6\uc5b4\ud558\ub294 \uc695\ub9dd\uc740 \ubb3c\ub860 \uadf8\ub7f0 \uc774\ub4e4\uc774 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc5d0\uac8c \ubcf4\uc778\ub2e4\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc774 \ub4dc\ub7ec\ub0b4\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ubcf8\uc9c8\uc801\uc774\uace0 \ucd08\uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801\uc774\uba70 \ucd08\ubb38\ud654\uc801\uc778 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354 \uc815\uccb4\uc131\uc774\ub77c\uae30\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294 \uc720\ub7fd\uc911\uc2ec\uc801 \uadfc\ub300\uc131\uc774 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc744 \uc8fc\ubaa9\ud560 \ub9cc\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \uc5ec\uae30\ub294\uac00 \ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354\uc801transgendered\uc774\ub77c \ubd80\ub974\uace0 \uc2f6\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uc704\uce58\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uc774\ub4e4 \uc804\ubd80\uac00 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uad00\uc2b5\uc801 \ubb38\ud654\uc640 \ub300\ub9bd\uc801\uc778 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ub9fa\uc5c8\ub358 \uac83\uc740 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc5f0\uad6c\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uadf8\ub7f0 \uc820\ub354\uc774\ud615\uc778\ub4e4gender-variant people\uc774 \uadf8\ub4e4\ub85c \ud558\uc5ec\uae08 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uc0b6\uc758 \ud61c\ud0dd\uacfc \ucc45\uc784\uc5d0 \uc628\uc804\ud558\uace0 \uc790\uc720\ub86d\uac8c \ucc38\uc5ec\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \uc8fc\ubcc0\ud654\ud558\ub294 \ubb38\ud654\uc801 \uc820\ub354 \uaddc\ubc94\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub9de\uc11c, \ub54c\ub85c\ub294 \uace0\ubb34\uc801\uc77c \uc815\ub3c4\ub85c \uc131\uacf5\ud558\uba70, \ubc18\ubc1c\ud55c \uc218\ub9ce\uc740 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \uc0ac\ub840\ub4e4\uc744 \ubc1c\uad74\ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \uc774\ub7f0 \uc77c\ud654\uc801 \uc800\ud56d\uc774 \uc5b4\ub514\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ud574\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub294\uac00? \uc5b8\uc81c, \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc870\uac74 \ud558\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4<\/strong>\uc778 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ub97c \uc2dc\uc791\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294\uac00?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc131, \ud6a1\ub2e8crossing, \uc804\ub3c4inversion, \uc5ed\uc804reversal\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uad00\ub150\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ubfcc\ub9ac \ub0b4\ub9ac\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uac1c\uc778\uc801 \uc815\uccb4\uc131\uc740 19\uc138\uae30 \uc911\uc5fd \ucbe4 \ud558\uc704\ubb38\ud654 \ub2f4\ub860\uacfc \ubc95\uc758\ud559 \ub2f4\ub860\uc5d0\uc11c \ub098\ud0c0\ub098\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uba70, \uc885\uc885 \ub3d9\uc131\uc560 \ubc0f \uc778\ud130\uc139\uc288\uc5bc\ub9ac\ud2f0 \ubc94\uc8fc\uc640 \uc911\ucca9\ub418\ub294 \uad00\uacc4\uc5d0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ub9ce\uc740 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \uc774\ub7f0 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \ubc94\uc8fc\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc790\uc2e0\uacfc \uc138\uc0c1\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uacbd\ud5d8\uc744 \uc870\uc9c1\ud654\ud558\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud55c \uac83\uc774 \uc815\ud655\ud788 \uc5b8\uc81c\uc778\uc9c0, \uadf8\ub4e4\uc774 \uc5b8\uc81c\ubd80\ud130 \uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c\ub97c \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\ub85c \ubaa8\uc774\ub294 \ub370\uc5d0 \uad00\uc2ec\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \ud2b9\uc218\ud558\uace0 \ud2b9\uc774\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\uc73c\ub85c \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\ub294\uc9c0, \ud639\uc740 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc774 \uc5b8\uc81c\ubd80\ud130 \uc815\uccb4\uc131\uc5d0 \uae30\ubc18\ud55c \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc744 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \ud589\ub3d9\uc758 \uae30\ubc18\uc73c\ub85c \uc0dd\uac01\ud588\ub294\uc9c0\ub294 \ud655\uc2e4\uce58 \uc54a\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \uc9c8\ubb38\uc5d0 \ub2f5\ud558\ub824\uba74 \ud589\uc704acts\uc5d0\uc11c \uc815\uccb4\uc131\uc73c\ub85c\uc758 \uc804\ud658\uc744 \ub354 \uc5f0\uad6c\ud574\uc57c \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\ub77c\ub294 \uc2ec\uac01\ud558\uac8c \uad8c\ub9ac\ub97c \ubc15\ud0c8 \ub2f9\ud558\ub294 \uc18c\uc218\uc790\uc758 \ubbfc\uad8c\uc744 \uc639\ud638\ud558\ub294 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \uac00\ub2a5\ucf00 \ud55c \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uc870\uac74\ub4e4\uc740 19\uc138\uae30 \ub9d0, 20\uc138\uae30 \ucd08 \uacbd\uc5d0\ub294 \uc790\ub9ac\uc7a1\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uaf64 \ud655\uc2e4\ud558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uba87 \uac00\uc9c0 \uc0ac\ub840\uac00 \uc774 \uae30\ub098\uae34 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \uc804\uac1c\ub97c \ub300\uc2e0 \uc54c\ub824\uc904 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ud558\ub098\ub294 \ub3c5\uc77c \uc131\uacfc\ud559\uc790 \ub9c8\uadf8\ub204\uc2a4 \ud788\ub974\uc26c\ud3a0\ud2b8Magnus Hirschfeld\uac00 1910\ub144\uc5d0 \uc120\uad6c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354\ub97c \ub2e4\ub8ec \uc758\ud559\uc11c \u300e\ubcf5\uc7a5\ub3c4\ucc29\uc790: \uc131\uc560\uc801\uc778 \ud06c\ub85c\uc2a4\ub4dc\ub808\uc2f1 \uc695\ub9dd\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc5f0\uad6cDie Transvestiten: Eine Untersuchung \u00fcber den erotischen Verkleidungstrieb\u300f\uc5d0 \ub098\uc624\ub294 \ud55c \uc0ac\ub840\uc790\ub294 \ub54c\ub85c\ub294 \ub0a8\uc131\uc73c\ub85c, \ub54c\ub85c\ub294 \uc5ec\uc131\uc73c\ub85c \uc0b4\uc558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc694\ud55c\ub098\ub098 \uc608\ub2c8\ub77c\ub294 \uc774\ub984\uc744 \uc120\ud638\ud588\ub358 mtf\ub2e4. \uadf8\/\ub140\ub294 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc8fc\uc758 \ub178\ub3d9\uc790 \uc815\uce58\uc5d0 \uc801\uadf9\uc801\uc774\uc5c8\uace0 \ub3c5\uc77c\uc758 \ub3d9\uc131\uc560\uc790, \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \ud788\ub974\uc26c\ud3a0\ud2b8\uc758 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc744 \uc54c\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub140\ub294 \ud788\ub974\uc26c\ud3a0\ud2b8\uac00 \u300e\uc131\uc801 \uc911\uac04\uc790 \uc5f0\ubcf4Jahrbuch f\u00fcr sexuelle Zwischensstufen\u300f(1914) \uac19\uc740 \ucc45\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc5ec\uc131\uc801\uc778 \ub0a8\uc131\ub4e4\uacfc \ub0a8\uc131\uc801\uc778 \uc5ec\uc131\ub4e4\uc774 \uc11c\ub85c\ub97c \ucc3e\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\ub9ac\ub77c\ub294 \ud76c\ub9dd\uc73c\ub85c \u2015 \uc820\ub354\uac00 \uc804\ub3c4\ub41c \ucee4\ud50c\ub85c \ub85c\ub9e8\ud2f1\ud55c \uc9dd\uc774 \ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uae30\ub97c \ubc14\ub77c\uba70 \u2015 \uadf8\uc5d0\uac8c \uc5f0\ub77d\ud588\ub2e4. \uc218\uc2ed \ub144 \ud6c4, 1952\ub144, 1953\ub144\uc5d0, \ud06c\ub9ac\uc2a4\ud2f4 \uc870\ub974\uac90\uc2a8\uc740 \ub374\ub9c8\ud06c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc131\uae30 \ubcc0\ud615 \uc218\uc220\uc744 \ubc1b\uc544 \uc804 \uc138\uacc4 \ud5e4\ub4dc\ub77c\uc778\uc744 \uc7a5\uc2dd\ud558\uba70 \ucd5c\ucd08\uc758 \uad6d\uc81c\uc801 \uc131\uc804\ud658 \uc720\uba85\uc778\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\uace0, \uadf8\ub140\uc5d0\uac8c\uc11c \uc790\uc2e0\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ubb34\uc5b8\uac00\ub97c \ubcf4\uba74 \uc218\ucc9c \uba85\uc774 \uadf8\ub140\uc5d0\uac8c \ud3b8\uc9c0\ub97c \uc37c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc11c\uc2e0, \uc870\ub974\uac90\uc2a8\uc740 \uac11\uc790\uae30 \uc5bb\uc740 \uba85\uc131\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud574 \uacf5\uac1c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\ub4e4\uc744 \u2015 \ud2b9\ud788 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \ubab8\uc5d0\uc11c \uc131\ubcc4\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\ub294 \uc678\uad00\uc744 \ubc14\uafb8\ub294 \uc218\uc220\uc801 \ucc98\uce58\ub97c \ubc14\ub77c\ub294 \uc774\ub4e4\uc744 \u2015 \ub300\ud45c\ud574 \ub9d0\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \ud798\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0, \ub0a8\uce98\ub9ac\ud3ec\ub2c8\uc544\uc5d0\uc11c \uc77c\uad70\uc758 mtf \ud06c\ub85c\uc2a4\ub4dc\ub808\uc11c\ub4e4\uc774 \u300e\ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\ubca0\uc2a4\ud2f0\uc544: \ubcf5\uc7a5\ud3c9\ub4f1\ud611\ud68c\uc9c0Transvestia: The Journal of the Society for Equality in Dress\u300f\ub97c \ubc1c\ud589\ud588\ub2e4. \ubcbd\uc7a5 \uae4a\uc219\uc774 \uc228\uc740 \ube44\ubc00 \ub3c5\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ub450 \ud638\uac00 \ubc30\ud3ec\ub41c, \uc624\ub798\uac00\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud55c \uc774 \ub4f1\uc0ac\ud310 \uc7a1\uc9c0\ub294 \ud569\uc911\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354 \uc815\uce58 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc774 \ucd5c\ucd08\ub85c \uc7a0\uc815\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud45c\ucd9c\ub41c \uc0ac\ub840\ub77c \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1960\ub144\ub300 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc11c\ub294, \uc2e0\uc0dd \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc774 \ub2e4\uc591\ud654\ud558\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\ub2e4. 1960\ub144\ub300 \ucd08\uc5d0\ub294 \uc55e\uc11c\uc758 \u300e\ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\ubca0\uc2a4\ud2f0\uc544\u300f \ubc1c\uc1a1\ub9dd\uc774 \ub2e4\uc2dc \ud65c\uc131\ud654\ub418\uc5c8\uace0 \uace7 \uc804\uad6d\uc5d0 \ud769\uc5b4\uc838 \uc788\ub294 \ub0a8\uc131 \ud06c\ub85c\uc2a4\ub4dc\ub808\uc11c \ube44\ubc00 \ubaa8\uc784 \uc5ec\ub7ff\uacfc \uc5f0\uacb0\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. 1960\ub144\ub300 \uc911\ubc18\uc5d0\ub294 \uc0cc\ud504\ub780\uc2dc\uc2a4\ucf54\uc758 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc8fc\ubcc0\ud654\ub41c \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354 \uc5ec\uc131\ub4e4\uc774 \ud568\uaed8 \ubb49\uccd0 \uc5b5\uc555\uc5d0 \ub9de\uc11c \uc2f8\uc6b8 \ub9cc\ud07c \uc815\uce58\ud654\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud150\ub354\ub85c\uc778 \uc778\uadfc \u2015 \uadf8\ub4e4 \uc911 \ub2e4\uc218\uac00 \uc774\uacf3\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9e4\ucd98 \uc77c\uc744 \ud588\ub2e4 \u2015 \uc5d0\uc11c \ubc24\uc5d0 \ubaa8\uc5ec \ub180 \ub54c\uba74 \uc8fc\uae30\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uacbd\ucc30\uc758 \ucc28\ubcc4\uacfc \uad34\ub86d\uc784\uc744 \uacaa\ub358 \uc774\ub4e4\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ubd09\uae30, 1966\ub144 8\uc6d4 \ucef4\ud2bc\uc2a4\uce74\ud398\ud14c\ub9ac\uc544 \ud3ed\ub3d9\uc740 1959\ub144 \ub85c\uc2a4\uc564\uc824\ub808\uc2a4 \ucfe0\ud37c\uc2a4 \ub3c4\ub11b \uc2a4\ud0e0\ub4dcCooper\u2019s Donut Stand \ubc16\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc8c\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uc2dc\uac00\uc804, 1965\ub144 \ud544\ub77c\ub378\ud53c\uc544 \ub4c0\uc774\uc2a4\ub7f0\uce58\uce74\uc6b4\ud130Dewey\u2019s Lunch Counter\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc5f0\uc88c \ub18d\uc131\uacfc \ub354\ubd88\uc5b4 \uac08\uc218\ub85d \uc804\ud22c\uc801\uc774\uc5b4\uc838 \uac14\ub358 \uac70\ub9ac \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354 \uc800\ud56d \ubb3c\uacb0\uc758 \uc77c\ud658\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4.
\uadf8\uc911\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \ucef4\ud2bc\uc2a4 \ud3ed\ub3d9\uc774 \ub450\ub4dc\ub7ec\uc9c0\ub294 \uac83\uc740, \uc774 \uc800\ud56d\uc740 \uc815\uce58 \ub2e8\uccb4\uc758 \ud615\uc131\uc73c\ub85c \ucd09\ubc1c\ub41c \uac83\uc774\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. \ud034\uc5b4 \ubd80\ub791\uc544\ub4e4, \ub9e4\ucd98\ubd80\ub4e4, \ud038\ub4e4\ub85c \uad6c\uc131\ub41c \ubc45\uac00\ub4dcVanguard\ub77c\ub294 \ub2e8\uccb4\uc600\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c \ucd5c\ucd08\uc758 \uc131\uc804\ud658\uc790 \uc639\ud638\u00b7\uc9c0\uc9c0 \ub2e8\uccb4\ub4e4\uc774 \ud615\uc131\ub418\ub294 \ub370\ub85c \uc774\uc5b4\uc84c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uadf8\ub807\ub2e4. \uc804\ud658\uc774\ubaa9\ud45c\ub2e4Conversion Our Goal(COG), \uce98\ub9ac\ud3ec\ub2c8\uc544\uc131\uc804\ud658\uc790\uc804\uc9c4California Advancement for Transsexuals(CATS), \uc804\uad6d\uc131\u00b7\uc131\ubcc4\uc815\uccb4\ud654\uc704\uc6d0\ud68cNational Sexual-Gender Identification Council, \uc804\uad6d\uc131\uc804\ud658\uc790\uc0c1\ub2f4\ub2e8National Transsexual Counseling Unit, \uc131\uc804\ud658\uc0c1\ub2f4\uc11c\ube44\uc2a4Transexual Counseling Service \u2015 \uc774\ub4e4 \uc804\ubd80\uac00 1973\ub144 \uc804\uc5d0 \ud615\uc131\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \uc0cc\ud504\ub780\uc2dc\uc2a4\ucf54 \ub2e8\uccb4\ub4e4\uc740 \ub3d9\ub8cc \uc9c0\uc9c0\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\ub294 \ud65c\ub3d9 \ubfd0 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uacbd\ucc30, \uad00\ud589, \uc5ec\ub860\uc744 \ubc14\uafb8\ub294 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc744 \ud588\uc73c\uba70, \uace7 \uac70\ub9ac\ubcf5\uc7a5\ub3c4\ucc29\uc790\ud589\ub3d9\ud601\uba85\uac00\ub4e4Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries(STAR), \uc131\uc804\uc790\ud65c\ub3d9\uac00\ud611\ud68cTreanssexual Activist Organization(TAO) \ub4f1 \ub274\uc695\uc758 \ube44\uc2b7\ud55c \ub2e8\uccb4\ub4e4\ub3c4 \uac00\uc138\ud588\ub2e4. 1970\ub144\ub300 \uc911\ubc18\uae4c\uc9c0 \uac00\uba74, FTM\ub4e4\uc774 \uc0ac\ud68c\ubcc0\ud654 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc5d0 \ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub9ce\uc774 \ucc38\uc5ec\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uba74\uc11c FTM \uc704\uc8fc\uc600\ub358 \ub274\uc695\uc758 \ub77c\ube44\ub9b0\uc2a4\uc7ac\ub2e8Labyrinth Foundation, \ud1a0\ub860\ud1a0\uc758 \uba54\ud0c0\ubaa8\ud3ec\uc2dc\uc2a4MEtamorphosis, \uce98\ub9ac\ud3ec\ub2c8\uc544\uc758 \ub974\ub124\uc0c1\uc2a4\uadf8\ub8f9Renaissance group \ub4f1 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc77c\uad70\uc758 \uc870\uc9c1\uacfc \ucd9c\ud310\ubb3c\uc774 \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud588\ub2e4. 1970\ub144\ub300 \ub9d0\uc5d0\ub294, \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354 \ub2e8\uccb4\ub4e4\uacfc \uac8c\uc774, \ub808\uc988\ube44\uc5b8, \ud398\ubbf8\ub2c8\uc998 \uc6b4\ub3d9 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uac70\ub9ac\uac00 \uac08\uc218\ub85d \uba40\uc5b4\uc84c\uc74c\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0, \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc758 \ud1a0\ub300\uac00 \uc7a1\ud614\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc 1980\ub144\ub300 \uc5d0\uc774\uc988 \uc720\ud589\uc758 \uc5c4\uccad\ub09c \ud0c0\uaca9\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud574, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc9c4\ubcf4 \uc815\uce58 \uc6b4\ub3d9 \ub0b4\uc758 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\ud610\uc624\ub85c \uc778\ud574, 1960\ub144\ub300, 1970\ub144\ub300\uc5d0 \ub193\uc778 \uae30\ubc18 \uc704\uc5d0 \ubcf4\ub2e4 \ud070 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc774 \uc790\ub9ac \uc7a1\uac8c \ub418\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0\ub294 10\ub144\uc774 \ub354 \uac78\ub838\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1990\ub144\ub300 \ucd08 \uc774\ub798\ub85c \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc740 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801\uc774\ub77c \ud560 \ub9cc\ud55c \uc218\uc900\uc758 \uae09\uc131\uc7a5\uc744 \uac70\ucce4\ub2e4. \uc2e0\ubd84 \uc99d\uba85\uc11c \uc0c1\uc758 \uc820\ub354 \ubcc0\uacbd\uc774\ub098 \uc131\ubcc4 \ubcc0\uacbd\uacfc \uad00\ub828\ub418\ub294 \uc758\ub8cc, \uc2ec\ub9ac \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4\uc5d0\uc758 \uc811\uadfc\uc131 \ud68d\ub4dd \uac19\uc740 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354 \ud2b9\uc815\uc801\uc778 \uc694\uad6c\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ucd08\uc810\uc744 \ub9de\ucd94\uc5c8\ub358, \ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub2e8\uc77c \uc7c1\uc810 \uc9c0\ud5a5\uc801\uc774\ub358 \uc815\uce58\uac00 \ub2e4\uba74\uc801\uc778 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \ud655\ub300\ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \uc774 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc740 \uac08\uc218\ub85d \ub354 \uad6c\uc870\uc801\uc778 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \ubd88\ud3c9\ub4f1\uc744 \ub2e4\ub8e8\uace0 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354 \uc7c1\uc810\ub4e4\uc744 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc9d1\ub2e8\ub4e4\uc758 \uc7c1\uc810\uacfc \uc5f0\uacb0 \uc9d3\ub294 \uac15\ub825\ud558\uace0\ub3c4 \ucc3d\uc758\uc801\uc778 \ubc29\uc2dd\ub4e4\uc744 \ucc3e\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354 \uc7c1\uc810\ub4e4\uc774 \uacfc\uac70\uc5d0 \uc804\ud615\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uadf8\ub7ac\ub358 \uac83\uacfc \ube44\uad50\ud574 \ud604\uc7ac\ub294 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uad6c\uccb4\ud654\ub418\ub294\uc9c0\ub97c \uc798 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc8fc\ub294 \uc608\ub85c \uc2e0\ubd84 \uc11c\ub958\uc640 \uad38\ub828\ub41c \uac83\uc744 \ub4e4 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4 \u2015 \uc801\uc808\ud55c \uc2e0\ubd84 \uc99d\uba85\uc774 \ubd88\uac00\ub2a5\ud55c, \ucd9c\uc0dd \uc2dc \uc9c0\uc815\ub41c \uc820\ub354\uc640 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc820\ub354\ub85c \uc0ac\ub294 \uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \uad6d\uacbd\uc744 \ub118\uae30 \ub354\uc6b1 \uc5b4\ub835\uace0 \ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub192\uc740 \uc218\uc900\uc758 \uac10\uc2dc\ub97c \ubc1b\uac8c \ub418\uba70 \uad6d\uac00\uac00 \ucd09\ubc1c\ud55c \uac1c\uc778\uc801 \ud3ed\ub825\uc5d0 \ub354 \ub9ce\uc774 \uc704\ud611\ubc1b\ub294, \ubbf8\ub4f1\ub85d \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\uac00 \ub41c\ub2e4. \ud569\uc911\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc820\ub354\uc758 \uacbd\uacc4\ub97c \ub118\ub294 \uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \uc5b4\ub514\uc11c \ud0dc\uc5b4\ub0ac\uace0 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc73c\ub85c \uc0dd\uacc4\ub97c \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\ub294\uc9c0\ub97c \ub9c9\ub860\ud558\uace0 \uc99d\uba85\uc11c \uc5c6\uc774 \uc77c\ud558\ub294 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc885\ub958\uc758 \uc774\uc8fc\ubbfc\ub4e4\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ucc98\uc9c0\uc5d0 \ub193\uc778\ub2e4. \uc694\uc8fc\uc758\uc790\ub4e4profiled, \uc774\ub3d9\uc5d0 \uc81c\ud55c\ub418\ub294 \uc774\ub4e4, \uc820\ub354 \uc774\uc678\uc758 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \uad6d\uacbd \ud1b5\uc81c\uc758 \ud45c\uc801\uc774 \ub418\ub294 \uc774\ub4e4\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ucc98\uc9c0\uc5d0 \ub193\uc778\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc5d0\uac8c \uc800\ud56d\ud560 \ub3d9\uae30\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uad6d\uac00\uac00 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc5d0\uac8c \ud718\ub450\ub974\ub294 \ubc14\ub85c \uadf8 \uad8c\ub825, \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc0dd\uacc4 \uc218\ub2e8\uc5d0 \uc811\uadfc\uce58 \ubabb\ud558\uac8c \ud558\ub294 \uadf8 \uad8c\ub825\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uc9c0\uae08\uc758 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354 \ud65c\ub3d9\ub4e4\uc740 \uc804 \uc9c0\uad6c\uc801 \uc790\ubcf8\uacfc \ud611\ub825\ud558\ub294 \ub3d9\uc131\uc560\uaddc\ubc94\uc801, \uc2e0\uc790\uc720\uc8fc\uc758\uc801 \uc804\ub7b5\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc800\ud56d\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \uc804 \uc9c0\uad6c\uc801 \uc218\uc900\uc758 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uae30\ud68c\ub4e4\uc744 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud558\uae30\ub3c4 \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc218\uc2ed \ub144 \uc804, \ud2b9\ud788 \uc790\uc758\uc2dd\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud034\uc5b4\ub85c \uc815\uccb4\ud654\ud558\ub358 \uc2dc\uae30\uc758 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc740 \ub300\uac1c \uac8c\uc774\u00b7\ub808\uc988\ube44\uc5b8\uc758 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \ub300\uc758\uc640 \uc5f0\ub300\ud558\uace0\uc790 \ud588\ub2e4 \u2015 \uac8c\uc774\u00b7\ub808\uc988\ube44\uc5b8 \uc870\uc9c1\ub4e4\uc774 \uc0c1\ud638\uc5f0\uad00 \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\ud68c\ubb38\ud654\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud615\uc131\ub41c \uae34 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uac00 \uc788\uace0 \uc790\uc6d0\uc774\ub098 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uc601\ud5a5\ub825\ub3c4 \ud6e8\uc52c \ucef8\uc74c\uc744 \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uba74 \uadf8\ub7f4 \ub9cc\ub3c4 \ud558\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uac8c\uc774 \ud574\ubc29\uc774 (\uac00\ucc28 \uc5c6\uc5b4 \ubcf4\uc77c \uc9c0\uacbd\uc73c\ub85c) \uc18c\ube44\uc8fc\uc758\uc801 \uce68\ubb35\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\uc544\uac00\uba74\uc11c \uc77c\ud0c8\ub85c \ubd84\ub958\ub41c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \uc218\ub9ce\uc740 \uc774\ub4e4\uc774 \uac70\ub9ac\uc5d0\uc11c \uad76\uc8fc\ub824\uc57c \ud558\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub97c \ubb3b\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uc790\ubcf8\uc8fc\uc758\uc801 \ud48d\uc694\uc758 \ud14c\uc774\ube14\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uac8c\uc774\uc758 \uc790\ub9ac\ub97c \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc774\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uc9c0\uae08, \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc740 \uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c\uac00 \uadf8\ub7f0 \ub3d9\uc131\uc560 \uc758\uc81c\uc640 \uc5bc\ub9c8\ub098 \uac00\uae4c\uc774 \uc5f0\uad00\ub418\uace0 \uc2f6\uc740\uc9c0\ub97c \uc138\uc2ec\ud558\uac8c \uc7ac\uace0\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4. 2007\ub144\uc5d0 \uc820\ub354 \uc815\uccb4\uc131\uc774\ub098 \uc820\ub354 \ud45c\ud604\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud3ec\ud568\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uc131\uc801 \uc9c0\ud5a5\ub9cc\uc744 \ub2f4\ub3c4\ub85d \uac1c\uc815\ub41c \uc5f0\ubc29 \uace0\uc6a9\ucc28\ubcc4\uae08\uc9c0\ubc95Employment Non-Discrimination Act(2007) \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354\uac00 \ubc30\uc81c\ub41c \uc77c\uc740 \uc774\ub7f0 \uc7a0\uc7ac\uc801 \uade0\uc5f4\uc744 \ub4dc\ub7ec\ub0b4\ub294 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud588\ub2e4. \uac8c\uc774\u00b7\ub808\uc988\ube44\uc5b8 \uc815\uce58\uac00 \ubc18\ub4dc\uc2dc \uc9c4\ubcf4 \uc815\uce58\ub97c \ub73b\ud558\uc9c0\ub294 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4. \uae30\uc800\uc758 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uaddc\ubc94, \ud0dc\ub3c4, \ubab8\uac00\uc9d0 \uc591\uc2dd, \uc131\ud5a5\uc774, \ud45c\uba74\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud034\uc5b4\ud55c \ud45c\ud604 \uc911 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc885\ub958\uc758 \uac83\ub4e4\uc740 \uc874\uc911\ud560 \ub9cc\ud558\uace0 \uc218\uc6a9\ud560 \ub9cc\ud574 \ubcf4\uc774\uac8c \ud558\uace0 \ub2e4\ub978 \ud615\uc2dd\ub4e4\uc740 \ube44\uccb4\ub85c \ub0a8\uaca8\ub193\ub294\uac00? \uc5ec\ub7ec \uac00\uc9c0\uac00 \uc788\uaca0\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc6b0\uc120 \uc0ac\ud68c\uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \uacc4\uae09<\/strong>, \uc2e0\uccb4\uc801 \ub2a5\ub825<\/strong>ability, \ud53c\ubd80 \uc0c9<\/strong>, \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354 \uc9c0\uc704<\/strong> \uac19\uc740 \ub9d0\ub4e4\uc774 \ub5a0\uc624\ub978\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc740 \uc774 \uac19\uc740 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ub3d9\uc131\uc560\uaddc\ubc94\uc131\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uae34\uc694\ud55c \ube44\ud310\uc73c\ub85c \uae30\ub2a5\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc801\uc5b4\ub3c4, 1950\ub144\ub300 \uc774\ud6c4 \ud569\uc911\uad6d \uac8c\uc774\u00b7\ub808\uc988\ube44\uc5b8 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc5d0 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\ub294 \ucd08\uae30\uc801 \uaddc\ubc94 \ud55c \uac00\uc9c0\ub97c \u2015 \ub2e4\uc2dc \ub9d0\ud574, \uc774\ub7f0 \uac8c\uc774\u00b7\ub808\uc988\ube44\uc5b8 \uc0ac\ud68c \uad6c\uc131\uccb4\uac00 \uc989 \ub3d9\uc131\uc560 \ud558\uc704\ubb38\ud654\uac00 \uc720\ub7fd\uc911\uc2ec\uc801 \uadfc\ub300\uc758 \uc774\uc131\uc560\uaddc\ubc94\uc801 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc640 \uacf5\uc720\ud558\uace4 \ud558\ub294 \ub0a8\uc131<\/strong>\uacfc \uc5ec\uc131<\/strong>\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc820\ub354\uaddc\ubc94\uc801 \uad00\ub150\ub4e4\uc744 \uc5b4\ub290 \uc815\ub3c4\ub85c\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc18c\uc218\uc790 \uc131\uc801 \uc9c0\ud5a5 \uc815\uccb4\uc131\uc758 \ud1a0\ub300\ub85c \uc0bc\uc558\ub294\uc9c0\ub97c \u2015 \uc54c\uc544\ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\uac8c \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc820\ub354\uaddc\ubc94\uc801, \ub3d9\ud654\uc8fc\uc758\uc801 \uc720\ud615\uc758 \ub3d9\uc131\uc560\uac00 1\uc138\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \uae30\uc6d0\ud588\ub2e4\ub294 \ud2b9\uad8c\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \uad6d\uc81c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc720\ud1b5\ub418\uba74 \ub108\ubb34\ub3c4 \uc27d\uac8c, \uc138\uacc4 \uacf3\uacf3 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc7a5\uc18c\ub4e4\uc5d0\uc11c \ube44\uc720\ub7fd\uc911\uc2ec\uc801 \uc804\ud1b5\uc5d0\uc11c \uc804\uac1c\ub41c \ube44\uc774\uc131\uc560\uaddc\ubc94\uc801 \uc139\uc2a4-\uc820\ub354-\uc139\uc288\uc5bc\ub9ac\ud2f0 \uad6c\uc131\uccb4\uc5d0 \ubfcc\ub9ac\ub97c \ub450\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uc774\ub4e4\uc774 \uc778\uad8c\uc744 \ud655\ubcf4\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uc0dd\uacc4 \uc790\uc6d0\uc5d0 \uc811\uadfc\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc8fc\uc694\ud55c \ud2c0\uc774 \ub418\uc5b4\ubc84\ub9b0\ub2e4 \u2015 \ub2e4\uc2dc \ub9d0\ud574, \uac8c\uc774<\/strong>\uac00 \uc2dd\ubbfc\ud654\ud560 \uad8c\ub825\uc744 \uac16\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4. \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354<\/strong>\ub3c4 \ube44\uc2b7\ud55c \uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \uac16\uace0 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc774 \ub3d9\uc131\uc560\uaddc\ubc94\uc801 \uc2e0\uc790\uc720\uc8fc\uc758\uc640 \uc5bc\ub9c8\ub098 \uac70\ub9ac\ub97c \ub450\ub294\uc9c0\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c\uc11c\ub294 \ub808\uc988\ube44\uc5b8, \uac8c\uc774, \ud639\uc740 \ub3d9\uc131\uc560\uc790 \ubc94\uc8fc\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc720\ud1b5\ub418\uc5b4 \uc628 \uac83\uacfc\ub294 \ub2e4\ub978, \uc804 \uc9c0\uad6c\uc801 \uc790\ubcf8\uc758 \ub3d9\uc9c8\ud654\ud558\ub294 \ud798\uc5d0 \uc800\ud56d\ud560 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ud2c8\ub4e4\uc744 \uc5f4 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud06c\ub9ac\uc2a4 \ud558\uc57c\uc2dc<\/strong>: \uc218\uc794\uc774 \uc6b0\ub9ac \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\uc758 \ud65c\ub3d9, \uc870\uc9c1\ud654\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\ub85c \ub17c\uc758\ub97c \uc2dc\uc791\ud574 \uc8fc\uc5b4 \uace0\ub9d9\ub2e4. \ub098\ub3c4 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4, \uc820\ub354\ube44\uc21c\uc751\uc790trans and gender-nonconforming (TGNC)\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \uc6b0\ub9ac \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\ub4e4\uc774 \u2015 \uac1c\uc778\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub3c4 \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub3c4, \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80\ub85c\uc11c\ub3c4 \ud569\uc911\uad6d \uc548\ud30e \ub2e4\ub978 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80\ub85c\uc11c\ub3c4 \u2015 \uc5ed\uc0ac \ub0b4\ub0b4 \ubd80\uc815\uc758\uc5d0 \ub9de\uc11c \uc2f8\uc6b0\uace0 \uc870\uc9c1\ud654\ud574 \uc628 \uac83\uc744 \uc778\uc2dd\ud558\uace0 \uae30\uc5b5\ud558\uace0 \uae30\ub9ac\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc911\uc694\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud55c\ub2e4. \ub098 \uc5ed\uc2dc \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ub204\uad6c\uc640 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc744 \uc774 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80\ub85c \uc5ec\uae30\ub294\uc9c0\uc5d0 \uc720\ub7fd\uc911\uc2ec\uc8fc\uc758\uac00 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\uce58\ub294\uc9c0\ub97c \uc778\uc2dd\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc911\uc694\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud55c\ub2e4. TGNC \uc720\uc0c9\uc778 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc6b0\ub9ac \ucd9c\uc2e0 \uad6d\uac00\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc640 \ubb38\ud654, \ubcf4\ud1b5 \uc2dd\ubbfc\ud654 \uc774\uc804\uc5d0 \ub2e4\uc911\uc801\uc774\uace0 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \uc820\ub354 \uc774\ud574\ub97c \uac16\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub358 \uc774\ub4e4\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc640 \ubb38\ud654\ub97c \ucc3e\uc544 \uc790\uae30 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc0bc\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0\uac00 \uc885\uc885 \uc788\uc5b4 \uc654\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uc624\ub298\ub0a0 \ud569\uc911\uad6d\uc758 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc740 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc758 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uacfc \ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0\ub85c \ub2e4\uc591\ud558\uace0 \ub2e4\uba74\uc801\uc774\uba70 \uacc4\uc18d\ud574\uc11c \ubc14\ub00c\uace0 \ubcc0\ud654\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uac1c\uc778\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub098 \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c TGNC \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\uc758 \uc695\uad6c\uc5d0 \ubd80\uc751\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ud65c\ub3d9\ud558\uace0 TGNC \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \uc815\uc758\ub97c \uc704\ud574 \uc2f8\uc6b0\ub294 \uc774\ub4e4\uc744 \ud070 \uadf8\ub9bc\uc73c\ub85c \uc0b4\ud3b4 \ubcf4\uc790\uba74, \uad11\ubc94\uc704\ud558\ub2e4. \uc720\uc0c9\uc778 TGNC \uc870\uc9c1\ud654 \uae30\ud68d\uc778 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc815\uc758TransJustice; \ub808\uc988\ube44\uc5b8\u00b7\uac8c\uc774\uc5f0\uad6c\uc18cCenter for Lesbian and Gay
Studies, \ud53c\uc5b4\uc2a4!FIERCE, \ud050\ud300Q-TEAM \ub4f1 \uac15\ub825\ud55c TGNC \ub9ac\ub354\uc2ed\uc774 \ubc18\uc601\ub41c \ud65c\ub3d9\uc744 \ud558\ub294 LGBT\uc870\uc9c1\ub4e4 (\ub4a4\uc758 \ub458\uc740 \ubaa8\ub450 \uc720\uc0c9\uc778 \uccad\ub144 \ub808\uc988\ube44\uc5b8, \uac8c\uc774, \uc591\uc131\uc560\uc790, \ud22c\uc2a4\ud53c\ub9bf, \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354, \ud034\uc5b4\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \uc870\uc9c1\ud654 \uae30\ud68d\uc774\ub2e4); \uc804\uad6d \ub300\ud68c\ub97c \uc870\uc9c1\ud558\ub294 \ucf04\ud130\ud0a4 \uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74\uacc4 \ubbf8\uad6d\uc778 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354 \ub2e8\uccb4\uc778 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc988\u00b7\ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\ube0c\ub85c\ud0c0\uc988Transsistahs and Transbrothas \uac19\uc740 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ud480\ubfcc\ub9ac \ub2e8\uccb4\ub4e4; \ud558\uc6b0\uc2a4\ubcfcHouse Ball \uc52c\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud558\ub294 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\ub4e4; \uc2e4\ube44\uc544\ub9ac\ubca0\ub77c\ubc95\ub960\ud504\ub85c\uc81d\ud2b8Sylvia Rivera Law Project, \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354\u00b7\uc820\ub354\uc774\ud615\u00b7\uc778\ud130\uc139\uc2a4\uc815\uc758\ud504\ub85c\uc81d\ud2b8Transgender, Gender Variant, and Intersex Justice Project \uac19\uc740 \uc9c0\uc5ed \ube44\uc601\ub9ac \ub2e8\uccb4\ub4e4; \uc804\uad6d\ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354\ud3c9\ub4f1\uc13c\ud130National Center for Transgender Equality \uac19\uc740 \uba87\uba87 \uc804\uad6d\uad6c \ube44\uc601\ub9ac\ub2e8\uccb4\ub97c \ube44\ub86f\ud574 \ud3ed\ub113\uc740 \uad6c\uc870, \uc870\uc9c1\uc744 \ud3ec\uad04\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774\uc5d0 \ub354\ud574, \uc774 \uadf8\ub9bc\uc5d0\ub294 \uae30\uad00\uc774\ub098 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\uc640\uc758 \uc77c\uc0c1\uc801\uc778 \uc0c1\ud638\uc791\uc6a9\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ubd80\uc815\uc758\uc640 \ucc28\ubcc4\uc5d0 \ub9de\uc11c \uc2f8\uc6b0\ub294 \ubb34\uc218\ud55c TGNC \uac1c\uc778\ub3c4, \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc6f9 \uae30\ubc18 \ud3ec\ub7fc\uc774\ub098 \uc804\uc790\uba54\uc77c \uadf8\ub8f9\ub3c4 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \uc870\uc9c1\ub4e4, \ub2e8\uccb4\ub4e4, \uac1c\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \uc9c1\uc811 \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4, \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4 \uac74\uc124, \uc639\ud638, \uad50\uc721, \ud559\uc220, \ub9ac\ub354\uc2ed \uac1c\ubc1c, \ubb38\ud654 \uc791\uc5c5, \ubc95\ub960 \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4, \uc870\uc9c1\ud654\ub97c \ube44\ub86f\ud574 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc804\ub7b5\uc744 \ud3bc\uce58\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc TGNC \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\ub4e4\uc758 \uc695\uad6c\ub294 \ud604\uc874\ud558\ub294 \uc790\uc6d0\uc5d0 \ube44\ud574 \ud6e8\uc52c \ud06c\ub2e4. TGNC \ud65c\ub3d9\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uc790\uae08\uc740 \uc81c\ud55c\uc801\uc778\ub370, \uae30\uae08 \uc81c\uacf5\uc5d0 TGNC \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\ub97c \ud3ec\ud568\ud558\ub294 \uae30\uae08\ucc98\uac00 \uac70\uc758 \uc5c6\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. \uc804\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c LGBT \uc870\uc9c1\ub4e4\uc740 TGNC \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\ub4e4\uc758 \uc695\uad6c\ub97c \uc6b0\uc120\uc21c\uc704\uc5d0 \ub450\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc0ac\ud68c \uc815\uc758 \uc870\uc9c1\ub4e4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\uc11c TGNC \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\ub4e4\uc758 \uc695\uad6c\ub294 \uc885\uc885 \ub208\uc5d0 \ub744\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ub354\uc6b1\uc774, \uc6b0\ub9ac \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\ub4e4\uc740 \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \ub9ac\ub354\ub4e4, \uc870\uc9c1\uac00\ub4e4\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4\uac00 \ud544\uc694\ud55c \uc774\ub4e4\ub85c \uc5ec\uaca8\uc9c0\uace0 \ubcd1\ub9ac\ud654\ub418\ub294 \uc2e4\uc815\uc774\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc870\uc9c1\ud654\uc640 \ub9ac\ub354\uc2ed \uac1c\ubc1c\uc5d0 \ucd08\uc810\uc744 \ub9de\ucd98 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8\uc774 \ud655\uc5f0\ud788 \ubd80\uc871\ud558\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c, \uc720\uc0c9\uc778 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4, \uc800\uc18c\ub4dd \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4, \uc774\ubbfc\uc790, \uccad\ub144, \ub178\ub144, \uc2dc\uace8 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4, \uc7a5\uc560\uc778 \ub4f1 \uc790\uc6d0\uc774 \uac00\uc7a5 \ubd80\uc871\ud55c TGNC\ub4e4\uc758 \uc8fc\ub3c4\uc5d0 \uc6b0\uc120 \uc21c\uc704\ub97c \ub450\ub294 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ub294 \uaca8\uc6b0 \ud55c \uc90c\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc774 \ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub113\uc740 \ucc28\uc6d0\uc758 \uad6d\ub0b4\uc678 \uc0ac\ud68c \uc815\uc758 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uacfc \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ub9de\ubb3c\ub9ac\ub294\uac00 \ud558\ub294 \uc9c8\ubb38\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub2f5\uc740 \uc778\uc885\uc8fc\uc758, \uac00\ubd80\uc7a5\uc81c, \uacbd\uc81c \ubd80\uc815\uc758, \uc5f0\ub839\uc8fc\uc758, \uc815\uc0c1\uc2e0\uccb4\uc911\uc2ec\uc8fc\uc758, \uc9c0\ub9ac\ud559\uc774 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \uc6b0\uc120 \uc21c\uc704\ub97c \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uc815\ud558\ub294\uc9c0\uc5d0 \ub2ec\ub824 \uc788\ub2e4. TGNC \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\uc5d0\ub294 \uc720\uc0c9\uc778 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4, \uc774\uc8fc\ubbfc, \uccad\ub144, \ub178\ub144, \uc2dc\uace8 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4, \uc7a5\uc560 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4 \ub4f1\uc774 \ud3ec\ud568\ub41c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc774 \ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub113\uc740 \ucc28\uc6d0\uc758 \ud22c\uc7c1\uacfc \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ub9de\ubb3c\ub9ac\ub294\uc9c0\ub294 \ubd84\uba85\ud558\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc720\uc0c9\uc778 TGNC \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\ub85c\uc11c \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \ud22c\uc7c1\ub4e4\uc744 \uad6d\ub0b4 \uc0ac\ud68c \uc815\uc758 \ud22c\uc7c1\ub4e4 \uc804\ubc18\uacfc \ud558\ub098\uc774\uc790 \uac19\uc740 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc804 \uc9c0\uad6c\uc801 \uc0ac\ud68c \uc815\uc758 \ud22c\uc7c1\ub4e4\uacfc \u2015 \uac19\uc9c0\ub294 \uc54a\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \u2015 \uc9c1\uacb0\ub41c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc0dd\uac01\ud55c\ub2e4. ALP \uc0b0\ud558\uc870\uc9c1\uc73c\ub85c \uc720\uc0c9\uc778 TGNC\uac00 \uc8fc\ub3c4\ud558\uace0 \uc6b4\uc601\ud558\ub294 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4 \uc870\uc9c1\ud654 \ub2e8\uccb4\uc778 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc815\uc758 \uad6c\uc131\uc6d0\ub4e4\uc740 2006\ub144 \ub274\uc695\uc2dc \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\ud589\ub3d9\uc758\ub0a0\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \uc4f4 \ubb38\uc11c\uc778 \u3008\ub2e8\uacb0 \ud638\uc18c\ubb38Points of Unity\u3009\uc5d0 \uc774\ub807\uac8c \uc801\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\uc720\uc0c9\uc778 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4, \uc820\ub354\ube44\uc21c\uc751\uc778\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc624\ub298\ub0a0 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \ud22c\uc7c1\uc774 \uc5ec\uae30 \ud569\uc911\uad6d\uacfc \uc138\uacc4 \uacf3\uacf3\uc758 \uc5ec\ub7ec \ud22c\uc7c1\uacfc \uc9c1\uacb0\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc5d0\uac8c 2006\ub144 6\uc6d4 23\uc77c, \uc81c2\ud68c\uc0ac\ud68c\uacbd\uc81c\uc801\uc815\uc758\ub97c\uc704\ud55c\ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\ud589\ub3d9\uc758\ub0a0Annual Trans Day of Action for Social and Economic Justice\uc774 \uc5b5\uc555\uacfc \ubd88\ud3c9\ub4f1\uc5d0 \ub9de\uc11c \uc2f8\uc6b4 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc774\ub4e4, \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc6b4\ub3d9\ub4e4\uacfc \uc5f0\ub300\ud558\ub294 \ub0a0\uc774\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc5d0\uac8c \uc774 \ud589\ub3d9\uc740 \uc2e4\ube44\uc544 \ub9ac\ubca0\uc2a4, \ub9c8\uc0e4 P. \uc874\uc2a8Marsha P. Johnson\uc744 \ube44\ub86f\ud574 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc640 \uc820\ub354\ube44\uc21c\uc751\uc778\uc758 \uad8c\ub9ac\ub97c \uc704\ud574 \uacb0\uc5f0\ud788 \uc2f8\uc6e0\uc744 \ubfd0 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc5b5\uc555 \ubc1b\ub294 \uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \ud574\ubc29\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \ucd5c\uc804\uc120\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub358 \uc720\uc0c9\uc778 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4Trans People of Color \uc804\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc758 \uc720\uc0b0\uc744 \ub530\ub974\ub294 \uc77c\uc774\ub2e4. (TransJustice, 2006)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc815\uc758\uac00 2005\ub144 \u3008\ub2e8\uacb0 \ud638\uc18c\ubb38\u3009\uc5d0 \uc801\uc740 \ub300\ub85c \uc720\uc0c9\uc778 TGNC \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\ub4e4\uc740 \uc5b5\uc555 \ubc1b\ub294 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\ub4e4\uc774 \uacaa\uc740 \uac83\uacfc \uc720\uc0ac\ud55c \ubd80\uc815\uc758\ub97c \uacaa\ub294\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\uc720\uc0c9\uc778 TGNC\uac00 \uacaa\ub294 \uad6c\uccb4\uc801\uc778 \ubb38\uc81c\ub4e4\uc740 \uacbd\ucc30\uc758 \uc794\ud639\ud589\uc704\uc640 \uad34\ub86d\ud798, \uc778\uc885\uc8fc\uc758\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uc774\uc8fc\ubbfc\ud610\uc624\uc801\uc778xenophobic \uc774\ubbfc \uc815\ucc45, \uc0dd\ud65c \uc784\uae08\uc744 \ubc1b\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc77c\uc790\ub9ac\u00b7\ucda9\ubd84\ud55c \uc801\uc815 \uac00\uaca9 \uc8fc\uac70\u00b7\uc9c8 \uc88b\uc740 \uad50\uc721\u00b7\uae30\ubcf8\uc801\uc778 \ubcf4\uac74\uc758\ub8cc \ub4f1\uc5d0\uc758 \uc811\uadfc\uc131 \ubd80\uc7ac, \ud569\uc911\uad6d \uc81c\uad6d\uc8fc\uc758\uc640 \uad6d\ub0b4\uc678\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uc774\ub4e4\uc744 \uc0c1\ub300\ub85c \ubc8c\uc5b4\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \ud569\uc911\uad6d\uc758 \uc774\ub978\ubc14 “\ud14c\ub7ec\uc640\uc758 \uc804\uc7c1”\uc774 \uac00\ud558\ub294 \ud0c0\uaca9 \ub4f1, \ub274\uc695\uc2dc \uc720\uc0c9\uc778 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4 \uc804\ubc18\uc774 \uacaa\ub294 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ubc18\uc601\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc720\uc0c9\uc778 TGNC\uc5d0\uac8c\ub294 \uc774\ub7f0 \ubb38\uc81c\ub4e4\uc5d0\ub2e4 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0 \ub3d9\uc131\uc560\ud610\uc624\uc640 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\ud610\uc624\uac00 \ub9cc\uc5f0\ud558\ub2e4\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc774 \ub354\ud574\uc9c4\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uacb0\uacfc \uc6b0\ub9ac \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\ub294 \ud648\ub9ac\uc2a4 \uc27c\ud130, \uc784\uc2dc \ub3cc\ubd04 \uae30\uad00, \uad6c\uce58\uc18c, \uac10\uc625 \ub4f1\uc5d0 \uc804\uccb4 \uc778\uad6c\uc5d0 \ube44\ud574 \uacfc\ub3c4\ud558\uac8c \ub9ce\uc774 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4. (TransJustice, 2005)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\uc815\uc758\ud504\ub85c\uc81d\ud2b8(TGIJP)\ub294 \uc8fc\ub85c \uc720\uc0c9\uc778 TGNC\uac00 \uc774\ub04c\uace0 \uc6b4\uc601\ud558\uba70 TGI \uc218\uac10\uc790, \uc804 \uc218\uac10\uc790\uc758 \ub9ac\ub354\uc2ed\uc744 \uc6b0\uc120 \uc21c\uc704\uc5d0 \ub450\ub294 \ubc95\ub960 \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4, \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4 \uc870\uc9c1\ud654 \uae30\ud68d\uc774\ub2e4. \uac15\ub839\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74 TGIJP\ub294<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\uce98\ub9ac\ud3ec\ub2c8\uc544 \uac10\uc625 \uc548\ud30e\uc5d0\uc11c \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354, \uc820\ub354\uc774\ud615\/\uc820\ub354\ud034\uc5b4, \uc778\ud130\uc139\uc2a4(TGI)\uc5d0\uac8c \uac00\ud574\uc9c0\ub294 \uc778\uad8c \uce68\ud574\ub97c \ube44\ud310\ud558\uace0 \uc885\uc2dd[\uc2dc\ud0a4\uace0\uc790 \ud55c\ub2e4]. TGI\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uae4a\uace0\ub3c4 \ub9cc\uc5f0\ud55c \ucc28\ubcc4\uacfc \uc8fc\ubcc0\ud654\uc5d0\uc11c \ube44\ub86f\ub41c \ube48\uace4\uc774 TGI\ub4e4\uc774 \uac10\uc625\uc5d0 \uac00\uac8c \ub418\ub294 \uc8fc\ub41c \uae30\uc800 \uc6d0\uc778\uc784\uc744 \uc778\uc2dd\ud558\uba70, TGIJP\ub294 \uccb4\uc81c\uc758 \ubcc0\ud654\ub97c \uac00\uc838\uc624\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc804\ub7b5\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 TGI \uc218\uac10\uc790\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc778\uad8c \uce68\ud574\uc5d0 \ub9de\uc120\ub2e4. \u2026 \uac10\uc625\uc0b0\uc5c5\ubcf5\ud569\uccb4\ub294 \uc7a5\uc560\uc778, \ube48\uace4 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4, \uc720\uc0c9\uc778 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4, TGI \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\uc5d0 \uae4a\uace0\ub3c4 \ubcf5\ud569\uc801\uc778 \ud0c0\uaca9\uc744 \uac00\ud574 \uc654\uae30\uc5d0, TGIJP\ub294 \ud2b9\ud788 \uc778\uc885, \uc820\ub354, \uc139\uc2a4, \uacc4\uae09, \uc131\uc801 \uc9c0\ud5a5, \uc778\ud130\uc139\uc288\uc5bc\ub9ac\ud2f0, \uc7a5\uc560\uc758 \uad50\ucc28\uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \ud65c\ub3d9\ud55c\ub2e4. (TGIJP, 2007)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\ud569\uc911\uad6d \uc81c\uad6d\uc8fc\uc758\uc640 \uae30\uc5c5 \uad8c\ub825\uc774 \uacc4\uc18d\ud574\uc11c \uc804 \uc9c0\uad6c\uc801 \uc218\uc900\uc5d0\uc11c \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\ub4e4, \uc0b6\ub4e4\uc744 \ud30c\uad34\ud558\ub294 \uc2dc\ub300\uc5d0, \ud569\uc911\uad6d\uc758 TGNC\ub85c\uc11c \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc804 \uc9c0\uad6c\uc801 \ud22c\uc7c1\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc5f0\ub300\ud558\uace0 \uc0ac\ud68c\uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \ubd80\uc815\uc758\uc5d0 \ub9de\uc120 \ud3ed\ub113\uc740 \uad6d\ub0b4 \ud22c\uc7c1\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc5f0\ub300 \ud639\uc740 \ucc38\uc5ec\ud574 \ud589\ub3d9\ud560 \ucc45\uc784\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ub9e4\ud2b8 \ub9ac\ucc98\ub4dc\uc2a8<\/strong>: \ub098\ub3c4 \uc5ed\uc0ac\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5ec\ub2e4 \ubcf8\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc5d0\uc11c, \ub0b4 \uad00\uc810\ub3c4 \uc218\uc804\uacfc \ube44\uc2b7\ud55c \uacf3\uc5d0\uc11c \ube44\ub86f\ub41c\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \ub098\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \ub80c\uc988\ub294 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc5ec\uac74\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ucd08\uc810\uc744 \ub9de\ucd94\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c \uc9c0\uae08\uc758 \uc0c1\ud669\uc744 \uc774\ud574\ud558\uace0 \ubbf8\ub798\uc758 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uc791\uc5c5\uc744 \uc0c1\uc0c1\ud558\ub294 \ub370\uc5d0 \uc778\uc885\uc774 \uadfc\ubcf8\uc801\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc810\uc5d0 \ud06c\ub9ac\uc2a4\uc640 \ub3d9\uc758\ud55c\ub2e4. \ub450 \ubd84\uc774 \ucd08\uae30\uc640 \uc9c0\uae08\uc758 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \uc6b4\ub3d9 \uac74\uc124, \uc870\uc9c1\uc801 \ubc1c\uc804\uc744 \ud6cc\ub96d\ud788 \uac1c\uad00\ud574 \uc8fc\uc2e0 \uac83 \uac19\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub798\uc11c \ub098\ub294 \ud569\uc911\uad6d\uc758 \uc778\uc885\uc801 \ub9e5\ub77d\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uc0ac\ud68c \uc815\uc758 \ud22c\uc7c1\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc9c8\ubb38\ub4e4\uc744 \ub17c\ud574 \ubcf4\ub824 \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc5f0\ud569\uc758 \uae30\ud68c\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub17c\uc758\uc5d0 \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc774 \ub418\uae30\ub97c \ubc14\ub780\ub2e4. \ub098\ub294 \ud2b9\ud788 \ud751\uc778\uc758 \uc2e0\uccb4\uac00 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uc131\uc801 \ud0c8\uc120\uacfc \uc77c\ud0c8\uc758 \ud45c\uc9c0\ub85c\uc11c \uc11c\uad6c\uc758 \uc0ac\uc0c1\uacfc \ubb3c\uc801 \ud604\uc2e4\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc624\ub294\uc9c0\uc5d0 \ud070 \uad00\uc2ec\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \uc131\uc801<\/strong>sexual\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ubb3c\ub9ac\uc801 \uc2e0\uccb4\uc640 \uc131 \ud589\uc704 \ubaa8\ub450\ub97c \ub73b\ud55c\ub2e4. \ud751\uc778\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c (\uc0ac\ud68c) \uacfc\ud559\uc801 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0dd\ubb3c\ud559\uacfc \ud589\ub3d9\uc774 \ub9cc\ub098\uace4 \ud55c\ub2e4. \ud751\uc778\uc758 \uc820\ub354\uac00 \ub300\ub2c8\uc5bc \ud328\ud2b8\ub9ad \ubaa8\uc774\ub2c8\uc5b8Daniel Patrick Moynihan\uc758 \uc6a9\uc5b4(1967)\ub97c \uc4f0\uc790\uba74 \ubcd1\ub9ac\uc801\uc778<\/strong> \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uad6c\ucd95\ub418\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uacfc\ud559\uc801 \ub300\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \ud751\uc778\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc5f0\uad6c\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574\uc11c\uc774\uba70, \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uad6c\ucd95\uc758 \ud6a8\uacfc\uac00 \uc804 \uc9c0\uad6c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud37c\uc9c0\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uadf8\uac83\uc774 \uc218\uc804\uc774 \ub9d0\ud55c \ub300\ub85c \uc720\ub7fd\uc911\uc2dd\uc801 \uadfc\ub300\uc131\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc774 \uc815\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c \uac04\uc8fc\ub418\ub294\uc9c0\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ud45c\uc900\uc744 \uc218\ub9bd\ud558\ub294 \ub370\uc5d0 \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc774 \ub418\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub807\uae30\uc5d0, \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \ub2f4\ub860\ub4e4\uc774 \ube44\uc778\uac04\ud654\ub97c \ub458\ub7ec\uc2fc (\uc820\ub354 \uaddc\ubc94\uc131\uc5d0 \ub9e4\ub2ec\ub9ac\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\ub3c4 \ud3ec\ud568\ud574) \ud22c\uc7c1\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ub179\uc544 \uc788\ub294\uc9c0\ub97c \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc911\uc694\ud558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ube44\uad50 \ud574\ubd80\ud559\uc774 \uc0dd\ubb3c\ud559\uc801 \uc131\uc758 \uc778\uc885\uc801 \uad6c\ucd95\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \ubb34\ub300\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4e0\ub2e4\ub294 \ub9d0\uc774 \ubb34\uc2a8 \ub73b\uc778\uc9c0\ub97c \ubd84\uba85\ud788 \ud574\ub450\uc5b4\uc57c \ud558\uaca0\ub2e4. \ub178\uc608\uc81c\ub294 \uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74\uacc4 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc744 \uac70\ub300\ud55c \uc874\uc7ac\uc758 \uc0ac\uc2ac\uc5d0\uc11c \uc900\uc778\uac04quasihuman\uc73c\ub85c \uc704\uce58\uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4. \uccb4\uacc4\uc801\uc778 \uc870\uc0ac\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc778\uc885\uc758 \uc704\uacc4\ub97c \ud655\ub9bd\ud558\ub824\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc2dc\ub3c4\uac00, \uc0dd\ubb3c\ud559\uc801 \uc131\uc5d0\uc11c \uad00\ucc30\ub418\ub294 \uc2e0\uccb4\uc801 \ucc28\uc774\uc5d0 \uadfc\uac70\ud55c \ub9ce\uc740 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\uace0 \uc774\ub294 \uc0c1\uc0c1 \uc18d \ube44\uc815\uc0c1 \uc131\uc801 \ud1f4\ubcf4 \ud589\ub3d9\uc744 \uc124\uba85\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc774\uc6a9\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4 \u2015 \ubb3c\ub860 \uc804\ubd80 \ub2e4 \uadf8\uc800 \ubc18\ud751\uc778anti-Black \ud3ed\ub825\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc694\ud55c \ube14\ub8e8\uba58\ubc14\ud750Johann Blumenbach\ub098 \uc870\ub974\uc8fc \ud034\ube44\uc5d0Georges Cuvier \uac19\uc740 18, 19\uc138\uae30 \uacfc\ud559\uc790, \ud639\uc740 Thomas Jefferson \uac19\uc740 \ucca0\ud559\uc790\ub098 \uc815\uce58\uac00\uc5d0\uac8c \uc774 \uc778\uac04 \uc774\ud558\ub77c\ub294 \ubd84\ub958\ub294 \ud751\uc778 \uc131\uae30\uc758 \ucc28\uc774(\uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \ud638\ud150\ud1a0\ud2b8\uc758 \uc55e\uce58\ub9c8\ub77c\uace0 \ubd88\ub9ac\uba70 \ub110\ub9ac \uc54c\ub824\uc84c\ub358, \ub0a8\uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74 \uc5ec\uc131\uc758 \ub298\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uc18c\uc74c\uc21c)\ub97c \ub458\ub7ec\uc2fc \ubbf8\uacb0 \ubb38\uc81c\ub4e4\uc744 \ub0a8\uaca8\ub450\uc5c8\uace0, \ub3d9\ubb3c\uc801 \uc695\uad6cbestiality\uc640 \uacfc\ub3c4\ud55c \uc74c\uc695lascivious desires\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc11c\uad6c\uc758 \uc0c1\uc0c1\ub825\uc5d0 \ubd88\uc744 \ub315\uacbc\ub2e4 (\uc608\ub85c \ud1a0\uba38\uc2a4 \uc81c\ud37c\uc2a8\uc774 1878\ub144\uc791 \u300e\ubc84\uc9c0\ub2c8\uc544\uc8fc\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub2e8\uc0c1Notes on the State of Virginia\u300f\uc5d0\uc11c \uc624\ub791\uc6b0\ud0c4\uacfc \uc131\uad50\ud558\ub294 \uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74 \uc5ec\uc131\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uad00\ud574 \uc0c1\uc220\ud55c \uac83\uc744 \ubcf4\ub77c). \uc774 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0, \ud5e4\ube14\ub85d \uc5d8\ub9ac\uc2a4Havelock Ellis(1897\/2007)\uac00 “\uc800\uae09 \uc778\uc885lower human races”(p. 17)\uc774\ub77c \ubd88\ub800\ub358 \uc774\ub4e4\uc758 \uc820\ub354\ud654\ub41c \ud45c\ud604\ud615\ub4e4\uc740 \uc778\ub958\ud559\uc790, \uc0ac\ud68c\ud559\uc790, \uc131\uacfc\ud559\uc790, \uc2ec\ub9ac\ud559\uc790, \ud574\ubd80\ud559\uc790 \ub4f1 \uc628\uac16 \ud559\uc790\ub4e4\uc744 \ub9e4\ub8cc\uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4. \ud751\uc778 \uc5ec\uc131 \uc131\uae30\uc758 \ucc28\uc774\ub97c \uc815\ub7c9\ud654\ud558\ub824\ub294 \uc695\ub9dd\uc740 \uc5f0\uad6c \ub300\uc0c1 \ud751\uc778 \uc5ec\uc131\uc758 \uc131\uae30\ub294 \u2015 1867\ub144 \u300e\ud574\ubd80\ud559\u00b7\uc2ec\ub9ac\ud559\uc9c0Journal of Anatomy
and Physiology\u300f \ucc3d\uac04\ud638\uc758 \ud45c\ud604\uc744 \uac00\uc838\ub2e4 \uc4f0\uc790\uba74 \u2015 “\uc778\uac04\uc885\uc758 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ud3c9\ubc94\ud55c \uc774\ud615\ud0dc\uc640\ub3c4 \ub2e8\ubc88\uc5d0 \uad6c\ubd84\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc744\ub9cc\ud07c \ud2b9\uc9d5\uc801”\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ud655\uc2e0\uc5d0\uc11c \ube44\ub86f\ub41c \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4 (Flowers & Murie, p. 208). \uc0dd\ub9ac\ud559\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uacfc\uc789\ub418\ub2e4\ub294 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc740 \ud751\uc778\uc744 \uc18c\uc704 \ubb38\uba85\ud654\ub41c \ub0a8\uc131\uc774\ub098 \uc9c4\uc815\ud55c \uc5ec\uc131\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc6a9\uc778\ub420 \ub9cc\ud55c \uc218\uc900\uc744 \ud55c\ucc38 \ub118\uc5b4\uc11c\ub294 \uacfc\ub3c4\ud55c \ub178\ub3d9\uacfc \uace0\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc774\uc0c1\uc801\uc778 \uc874\uc7ac\ub85c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud574\ubd80\ud559\uc801 \uc870\uc0ac\uc640 \ubbfc\uc871\uc9c0\uc801 \uad00\ucc30\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc778\uc885\uc8fc\uc758\uc801\uc778 \ucc28\uc774\uc758 \ubd84\ub958\ud559\uc744 \ud655\ub9bd\ud558\ub824 \ud55c \uc774 \ucd08\uae30\uc758 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc740 \ud751\uc778\uc758 \ubab8\uc744 \uc5b8\uc81c\ub098 \uc774\ubbf8 \ubcc0\uc885\uc778 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c, \ud751\uc778\uc744 \uc820\ub354 \ud0c8\uc120\uc758 \uc815\uc218\ub85c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \ud751\uc778\uc744 \ub300\ucc99\uc810 \uc0bc\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uaddc\ubc94\uc744 \uaddc\uc815\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uc774 \ub9e5\ub77d\uc740, \uacf5\uacf5\uc5f0\ud788 \uc820\ub354 \uaddc\ubc94\uc744 \uc704\ubc18\ud588\ub358 \ucd08\uae30 \uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74\uacc4 \ubbf8\uad6d\uc778\ub4e4\uc744 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc5d0 \uc9d1\uc5b4 \ub123\uc744 \ub54c\uc758 \uc7c1\uc810, \uc624\ub298\ub0a0\uc758 \ud751\uc778\uc774 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \uc815\uccb4\uc131\uc744 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud560 \ub54c\uc758 \uc7c1\uc810\uc744 \uace0\ubbfc\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \ud2b9\ud788 \uc720\uc6a9\ud558\ub2e4. 19\uc138\uae30 \ud6c4\ubc18 \uc61b \uc11c\ubd80\uc758 \uc545\uba85\ub192\uc740 \uc77c\ud0c8\uc801 \uc9d1\ubc30\uc6d0\uc774\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70 1868\ub144\ubd80\ud130 1870\ub144\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub0a8\uc131 \ubc84\ud314\ub85c\uad70\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf5\ubb34\ud55c (\uc70c\ub9ac\uc5c4 \ucf00\uc774\uc2dcWilliam Cathy\ub098 \uc2a4\ud14c\uc774\uc9c0 \ucf54\uce58 \uba54\uc5b4\ub9acStage Coach Mary\ub77c\ub294 \uc774\ub984\ub3c4 \uc37c\ub358) \ucf00\uc774\uc2dc \uc70c\ub9ac\uc5c4\uc2a4Cathy Williams \uac19\uc740 \uc778\ubb3c\ub4e4\uc740 19\uc138\uae30\uc758 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc820\ub354 \uc774\ud615 \uc0ac\ub840\ub4e4\uacfc \uc5f0\uad00\uc9c0\uc5b4\uc9c8 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\uc5c8\uc74c\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74\uacc4 \ubbf8\uad6d\uc778 \uc5ed\uc0ac \ub2f4\ub860\uc5d0\uc11c \uc608\uc678\uc801\uc778 \uac15\ud55c \uc5ec\uc131\uc73c\ub85c \ucde8\uae09\ub418\uc5b4 \uc654\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uc774\uc720 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\ub85c, \uc55e\uc5d0\uc11c \uc124\uba85\ud55c \ubb38\uc81c\ub4e4\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \ud751\uc778\uc758 \uc820\ub354 \uaddc\ubc94 \uc704\ubc18\uc5d0 \uc8fc\ubaa9\uc744 \uccad\ud558\ub294 \uc77c\uc740 \uc8fc\ub958 \ud751\uc778 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\ub4e4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc704\ud5d8\ud560 \uc815\ub3c4\ub85c \uc778\uc885\uc8fc\uc758 \ub2f4\ub860\uacfc\uc758 \uacf5\ubaa8\uc5d0 \uac00\uae4c\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \uc77c\ub85c \ud574\uc11d\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \uc0c1\ud669\uc740 \uacfc\uac70\uc5d0\ub098 \ud604\uc7ac\uc5d0\ub098 \ub2e4\ub974\uac8c \uc820\ub354\ud654\ub418\ub294 \ud751\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \ub51c\ub808\ub9c8\ub97c \uac00\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc790\uae30\uac00 \uc18d\ud55c \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\uc5d0\uc11c \ubb38\ud654\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\uc815\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294, \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc139\uc288\uc5bc<\/strong>\uc774\ub098 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354<\/strong> \uac19\uc740 \uc6a9\uc5b4\ub97c \ub04c\uc5b4\uc548\ub294\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc758\ubbf8\uc778\uac00? \uadf8\uac83\uc740 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uadf8\ub7f0 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc740 \ud751\uc778\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c\ub294<\/strong> \ud45c\uc2ddmark\uc774 \ub418\ub294\uac00?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \uad8c\ub9ac \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc774 \ud751\uc778\ub4e4\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud558\uac70\ub098 \ud751\uc778\uc744 \ud3ed\ub825\uacfc \ucc29\ucde8\uc5d0 \ub9de\uc120 \ud22c\uc7c1\uc758 \ud30c\ud2b8\ub108\ub85c \ud1b5\ud569\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc131\uacf5\ud558\ub824\uba74 \ub178\uc608\uc81c\uc640 \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc8fc\uc758\ub77c\ub294 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \uc870\uac74\ub4e4\uc774 \uc820\ub354\uac00 \uc9c0\uc815\ub418\uace0 \uc0b4\uc544\uc9c0\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ubb34\ub300\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4 \ub193\ub294\uc9c0\ub97c \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uc544\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc790\uba04 \uc624\ub298\ub0a0 \ud569\ub465\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \ud751\uc778 \uc778\uad6c\ub294 \uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74 \uc774\ub2e4\uc2a4\ud3ec\ub77c\ub97c \uc544\uc6b0\ub974\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc778\uad6c \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc73c\ub85c \uad6c\uc131\ub428\uc744 \uc778\uc2dd\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc720\uc6a9\ud560 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\uc678\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ub9ce\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ud2b9\ud788 \uc911\ub0a8\ubbf8, \uce74\ub9ac\ube0c\ud574, \uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74 \ucd9c\uc2e0 \uc774\ubbfc\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud558\uace0 \ub2e4\uba74\uc801\uc778 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\ub97c \uc774\ub8e8\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub807\ub2e4\uba74 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc820\ub354\ub97c \uac00\uc9c4 \uc774\ub4e4\uc774 \ud569\uc911\uad6d\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\ub0b4\uc9c0\uae30transported \ud639\uc740 \uc624\uc2dc \uc804\uc5d0\ub294 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ubd88\ub9ac\ub294\uc9c0, \ub3c4\ucc29\ud558\uace0 \ub098\uba74 \uc820\ub354\uc5d0 \ubb34\uc2a8 \uc77c\uc774 \uc0dd\uae30\ub97c\uc9c0\ub97c \uace0\ub824\ud574 \ubd04\uc9c1\ud558\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc9c8\ubb38\ub4e4\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4. \ub178\uc608\uc81c\uc640 \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc8fc\uc758\uac00 \ub3c4\ucc29 \uc804\ud6c4\ub85c \uc820\ub354\uc5d0 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\ucce4\ub294\uac00? \uadf8 \uc601\ud5a5\uc740 \ud53c\ubd80\uc0c9, \uacc4\uae09, \uc5f0\ub839, \uc7a5\uc560 \uc5ec\ubd80\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ub2ec\ub77c\uc9c0\ub294\uac00? \uc774\ub7f0 \ub17c\uc758\uc5d0\uc11c \uc139\uc288\uc5bc\ub9ac\ud2f0\uc640 \uad00\ub828\ud574\uc11c\ub294, \uc7ac\ud0a4 \uc54c\ub809\uc0b0\ub354Jacqui Alexander(1997, 2002)\uc640 \uae00\ub85c\ub9ac\uc544 \uc6e8\ucee4Gloria Wekker(2006)\uac00 \uce74\ub9ac\ube0c\ud574 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uacfc \uc218\ub9ac\ub0a8\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc5f0\uad6c\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ud06c\uac8c \uae30\uc5ec\ud55c \ubc14 \uc788\ub2e4. \ub098\ub294 \uc774\uac83\uc774 \uc544\uc9c1 \uc5f0\uad6c\uac00 \uc2dc\uc791\uc870\ucc28 \ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \ud48d\uc131\ud55c \uc8fc\uc81c\ub77c\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \uad8c\ub9ac\uac00 \uc810\uc810 \uac00\uc2dc\ud654\ub418\uace0 \ubc95\uc81c\ud654\ub41c \uc9c0\ub09c 10, 20\ub144\uac04 \uadf8\uac83\uc744 \ubcf4\ub294 \ud2c0\uc740 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ubcc0\ud654\ud588\ub098? \ubb34\uc5c7\uc774 \uc774 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc758 \uc815\uce58\uc801, \uc815\ucc45\uc801 \ubaa9\ud45c\uac00 \ub418\uc5b4\uc57c \ud558\ub098? \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ud574\uc57c \ubc18\uc778\uc885\uc8fc\uc758\uc801\uc778 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \uc815\uc758 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \uac74\uc124\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub098?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud06c\ub9ac\uc2a4 \ud558\uc57c\uc2dc<\/strong>: ALP\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub2e4\uc7c1\uc810 \uc870\uc9c1\ud654\ub97c \ubbff\uace0, \ub2e8\uc77c\uc7c1\uc810 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \uacbd\uacc4\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \ub2e8\uc77c\uc7c1\uc810 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc740 \uac00\uc7a5 \ucde8\uc57d\ud55c \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\ub4e4\uc744 \ubc84\ub9ac\uace0 \uac08 \uc704\ud5d8\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud55c\ub2e4. \uacbd\uc81c\uc815\uc758\ub97c\uc704\ud55c\ud034\uc5b4\ubaa8\uc784Queers for Economic Justice\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1c\uc758\ud55c \uc9c0\uae08\uc758 \ub3d9\uc131 \uacb0\ud63c \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ube44\ud310\uc778 \u3008\uacb0\ud63c \ub108\uba38 \uc131\uba85Beyond Marriage Statement\u3009\uc758 \ub9d0\ub300\ub85c,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\ud55c\ud3b8, LGBT \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc740 \ucd5c\uadfc\uc5d0 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc801\uc778stand-alone \uc7c1\uc810\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \uacb0\ud63c \ud3c9\ub4f1\uc5d0 \ucd08\uc810\uc744 \ub9de\ucd94\uc5b4 \uc654\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc804\ub7b5\uc740, \uc77c\ubd80 LGBT \uac00\uc871\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uad8c\ub9ac\uc640 \ud61c\ud0dd\uc744 \ud655\ubcf4\ud560 \uc218\ub294 \uc788\uc744\uc9c0 \ubab0\ub77c\ub3c4, \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub97c \uace0\ub9bd\ub418\uace0 \ub9f9\ub82c\ud55c \ubc18\ub3d9\uc5d0 \ucde8\uc57d\ud55c \ucc44\ub85c \ub0a8\uaca8 \ub450\uc5c8\ub2e4. \u2026 \ud63c\uc778\uad8c \ud22c\uc7c1\uc740 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uac00\uad6c, \uac00\uc871\uc758 \uc548\uc815\uc131\uacfc \uc548\uc804\uc131\uc744 \uac15\ud654\ud558\ub824\ub294 \ubcf4\ub2e4 \ud070 \ud2c0\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ub178\ub825\uc758 \uc77c\ud658\uc774 \ub418\uc5b4\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4. \u2026 \ub3d9\uc131 \uacb0\ud63c\uc774\ub4e0 \uc544\ub2c8\ub4e0 \uacb0\ud63c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ucd5c\uadfc\uc758 \ub17c\uc7c1\uc740 \uac00\uad6c \ub2e4\uc591\uc131\uc774 \uc778\uad6c\ud559\uc801 \uaddc\ubc94\uc778 \ub098\ub77c\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uc218\ub9ce\uc740 \uc774\ub4e4\uc758 \uc695\uad6c\uc640 \uc695\ub9dd\uc744 \ubb34\uc2dc\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc774 \ub17c\uc7c1\uc758 \ud2c0\uc744 \uc0c8\ub85c \uc9dc\uace0\uc790 \ud55c\ub2e4 (BeyondMarriage.org, 2006).<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c, \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc774 \uc5bc\ub9c8\ub098 \ubc1c\uc804\ud558\uace0 \uc9c4\ubcf4\ud558\ub4e0, \uacc4\uc18d\ud574\uc11c \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc5b5\uc555\uc5d0 \ub9de\uc11c \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc5b5\uc555 \ubc1b\ub294 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\ub4e4\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uc815\uc758\ub97c \uc704\ud574 \uc2f8\uc6b0\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\ub4e4\uc744 \ucde8\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc774 \uc911\uc694\ud558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ALP\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub610, \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc5b5\uc555 \ubc1b\ub294 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\ub4e4\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uc815\uc758\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \uc131\uacf5\uc801\uc778 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \uac74\uc124\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \uc6b0\ub9ac \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\ub4e4\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \ucde8\uc57d\ud55c, \uc790\uc6d0 \uc811\uadfc\uc131\uc774 \uac00\uc7a5 \ubd80\uc871\ud55c, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc0dd\uc874\uc5d0 \uac00\uc7a5 \ud070 \uc7a5\ubcbd\uc744 \ub9c8\uc8fc\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uc774\ub4e4\uc758 \uc695\uad6c, \uad00\uc810, \ub9ac\ub354\uc2ec\uc744 \ucd5c\uc804\uc120\uc5d0 \ub193\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc9c0\uadf9\ud788 \uc911\uc694\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \ubbff\ub294\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc6b0\ub9ac \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc774 \ub300\uc751\ud560 \ud575\uc2ec \uc7c1\uc810\uacfc \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \uc774\ub7f0 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\ub4e4\uc774 \uacb0\uc815\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \ubbff\ub294\ub2e4. \ud569\uc911\uad6d \uc0ac\ud68c\uac00, \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \ud569\uc911\uad6d\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uc6b0\ub9ac \uc6b4\ub3d9\ub4e4\uc774 \uae30\ubc18\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uccb4\uc81c\uc758 \uc5b5\uc555\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud574, \uc815 \ubc18\ub300\uc758 \uc77c\uc774 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub098\uace4 \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc0dd\uc874\uc5d0\uc758 \uac00\uc7a5 \uac70\ub300\ud55c \uc7a5\ubcbd \uba87 \uac00\uc9c0\ub97c \uacaa\uace0 \uc788\ub294 TGNC\ub4e4\uc774 \uc774\ub044\ub294 \uc870\uc9c1\uc774\ub098 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \ubcf4\uba74, \uc774\ub7f0 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\ub4e4\uc774 \uc6b0\uc120\uc2dc\ud558\ub294 \uc7c1\uc810\ub4e4\uc740 \uac00\uc2dc\uc131\uc774\ub098 \uc790\uc6d0\uc744 \uadf8\ub2e4\uc9c0 \uc5bb\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud55c\ub2e4 \u2015 \uadf8\ub798\uc11c \uc885\uc885, \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \uc7c1\uc810\uacfc \uad00\ub828\ud55c \uc6b0\ub9ac \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc774\ub098 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc758 \uc0dd\uac01 \uc18d\uc5d0\ub294 [\uadf8\ub7f0 \uc7c1\uc810\ub4e4\uc774] \uc5c6\uc744 \ub54c\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4. TGNC \uc218\uac10\uc790\ub4e4\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uc815\uc758\uc5d0\uc11c\ubd80\ud130 \uacbd\ucc30\uc758 \uc794\ud639\ud589\uc704\uc640 \ud3ed\ub825, \uc820\ud2b8\ub9ac\ud53c\ucf00\uc774\uc158, \ud569\uc911\uad6d\uc774 \uad6d\ub0b4\uc678\uc5d0\uc11c \uc8fc\ub3c4\ud558\ub294 \ud14c\ub7ec\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc804\uc7c1, \uc774\uc8fc\ubbfc \uad8c\ub9ac, \ubcf5\uc9c0, \uc2e4\uc5c5, \uad50\uc721 \uc811\uadfc\uc131 \ub4f1\uc774 \uadf8\ub807\ub2e4. \uc608\ucee8\ub300, \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354\u00b7\uc820\ub354\uc774\ud615\u00b7\uc778\ud130\uc139\uc2a4\uc815\uc758\ud504\ub85c\uc81d\ud2b8\ubfd0 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ub2e4\ub978 \uc870\uc9c1\ub3cc\ub3c4 \uac00\uc7a5 \ud798 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc774\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ud544\uc694\ud55c \uac83\uc744 \ucd5c\uc804\uc120\uc5d0 \ub193\ub294\ub2e4. \ub274\uc695\uc2dc\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0, \uc6e8\uc2a4\ud2b8\ube4c\ub9ac\uc9c0 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc758 GNC \uc720\uc0c9\uc778 \uccad\ub144\uacfc \uc800\uc18c\ub4dd \uccad\ub144\ub4e4\uc740 \uc8fc\ub85c \ubc31\uc778\uc774\uace0 \uc911\uc0c1\ub958\uce35\uc778 \uc8fc\ubbfc\uc740 \ubb3c\ub860 \uacbd\ucc30\uc774 \uac00\ud558\ub294 \uacc4\uc18d\ub418\ub294 \ud3ed\ub825\uacfc \uad34\ub86d\ud798\uc744 \uacaa\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uacb0\uacfc, \uc8fc\ub85c TGNC \uc800\uc18c\ub4dd, \ud648\ub9ac\uc2a4 \uc720\uc0c9\uc778 \uccad\ub144\ub4e4\uc774 \uc774\ub04c\uace0 \uc900\uc601\ud558\ub294 \uc870\uc9c1\uc778 \ud53c\uc5b4\uc2a4!\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc820\ud2b8\ub9ac\ud53c\ucf00\uc774\uc158\ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uacbd\ucc30\uc758 \uc794\ud639\ud589\uc704\uc640 \ud3ed\ub825 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \uc6b0\uc120\uc21c\uc704\uc5d0 \ub454\ub2e4. ALP \uc0b0\ud558 \ud504\ub85c\uc81d\ud2b8\ub85c TGNC \uc720\uc0c9\uc778\uc774 \uc774\ub04c\uace0 \uc6b4\uc601\ud558\ub294 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc815\uc758\ub294 TGNC \uc720\uc0c9\uc778\uc758 \ub192\uc740 \uc2e4\uc5c5\uc728\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc2e4\uc5c5\uacfc \uad50\uc721\uc811\uadfc\uc131 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \uc6b0\uc120\uc2dc\ud574 \uc654\ub2e4. \ub274\uc695\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4, \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc815\uc758, \ubcf5\uc9c0\uc804\uc0ac\ub4e4Welfare Warriors, LGBT\ucee4\ubba4\ub2c8\ud2f0\uc13c\ud130LGBT Community Center \uc0b0\ud558 \uc820\ub354\uc815\uccb4\uc131\ud504\ub85c\uc81d\ud2b8Gender Identity Project \ub4f1\uc758 \uc870\uc9c1, \ub2e8\uccb4\uac00 \ubaa8\uc778 \uc5f0\ud569\uccb4\uc5d0\uc11c, \uacf5\uc801 \uc9c0\uc6d0\uc744 \uc5bb\uace0\uc790 \ud558\ub294 TGNC\ub4e4\uc774 \ub9c8\uc8fc\ud558\ub294 \uc7a6\uc740 \uad34\ub86d\ud798\uacfc \ucc28\ubcc4\uc744 \ub05d\uc7a5\ub0b4\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \ub178\ub825\ub4e4\uc744 \uc6b0\uc120\uc21c\uc704\uc5d0 \ub193\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9\uc73c\ub85c, \uc8fc\ub85c \uc720\uc0c9\uc778, \uc800\uc18c\ub4dd \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\ub4e4\uc774 \uc774\ub044\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec TGNC \ub2e8\uccb4\ub4e4 \ub610\ud55c \ud569\uc911\uad6d\uc774 \uad6d\ub0b4\uc678\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc8c\uc774\ub294 \ud14c\ub7ec\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc804\uc7c1\uc758 \uc885\uc2dd\uc744 \uc6b0\uc120\uc2dc\ud574 \uc654\ub2e4. \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc774 \uc9c4\ubcf4\ud558\ub294 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370, \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc7c1\uc810\ub4e4\uc774 \uc6b0\uc120\uc21c\uc704\uc5d0 \ub193\uc774\uace0 \ucda9\ubd84\ud55c \uc790\uc6d0\uc744 \uc5bb\uc73c\uba70 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc7c1\uc810\ub4e4\uc740 \uadf8\ub807\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\uc9c0, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uadf8\ub7f0 \uc120\ud0dd\ub4e4\uc774 \ud615\uc131\ub418\ub294 \ub370\uc5d0 \uc5b5\uc555 \uccb4\uc81c\uac00 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\uce58\ub294\uc9c0\ub97c \ube44\ud310\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\ub294 \uc77c\uc774 \uc911\uc694\ud558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \uc815\uc758\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \uc131\uacf5\uc801\uc778 \ubc18\uc778\uc885\uc8fc\uc758 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \uac74\uc124\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c\ub294, \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \ud65c\ub3d9\uacfc \uc870\uc9c1\ud654\uc758 \ud604 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub97c \uba87 \uac00\uc9c0 \ud575\uc2ec \uc9c8\ubb38\uacfc \uc5f0\uad00\ud574 \uc131\ucc30\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc911\uc694\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac \uc870\uc9c1\ub4e4, \ub2e8\uccb4\ub4e4\uc740 \uc720\uc0c9\uc778\uc758 \ub9ac\ub354\uc2ed\uacfc \ucc38\uc5ec\ub97c \uc9c0\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \uad6c\uc870\ub97c \uac16\uace0 \uc788\ub294\uac00? \uc6b0\ub9ac \uc870\uc9c1\ub4e4, \uc6b4\ub3d9\ub4e4\uc758 \uc9c0\ub3c4\uce35\uc774 \uc8fc\ub85c \ubc31\uc778\uc778\uac00? \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4, \uc870\uc9c1\ub4e4, \uc77c\ubc18 \ub300\uc911\uacfc \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc5d0\uac8c \ud06c\uac8c \uac00\uc2dc\ud654\ub418\ub294 \uc774\ub4e4\uc774 \uc8fc\ub85c \ubc31\uc778\uc778\uac00?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uc131\uacf5\uc801\uc778 \ubc18\uc778\uc885\uc8fc\uc758 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc758 \uac74\uc124\uc744 \uc704\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \ubc31\uc778 \uc5f0\ub300\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \uc6b4\ub3d9 \ub0b4\uc5d0\uc11c \u2015 \uc77c\uc0c1\uc758 \ucc28\uc6d0\uc5d0\uc11c\ub4e0 \ub2e8\uccb4\ub098 \uae30\uad00\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4 \ub54c\uc5d0\ub4e0 \u2015 \uc778\uc885\uc8fc\uc758\uac00 \uc601\uc18d\ud654\ub418\ub294 \ub370\uc5d0 \ub9de\uc11c\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4. \ubc31\uc778 \uc5f0\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \ub610\ud55c \uc720\uc0c9\uc778\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uacf5\uac04\uc758 \uc911\uc694\uc131\uc744 \uc774\ud574\ud558\uace0 \uc720\uc0c9\uc778 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4, \uc820\ub354\ube44\uc21c\uc751\uc778\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c, \uc774\ub4e4\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \ub9ac\ub354\uc2ed\uacfc \uc870\uc9c1\ud654\ub97c \uc9c0\uc9c0\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4. \uad6c\uccb4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub9d0\ud558\uc790\uba74, \ubc31\uc778 \uc5f0\ub300\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\ub4e4 \ub0b4\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc18\uc778\uc885\uc8fc\uc758 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc758 \ubcf8\ubcf4\uae30\uac00 \ub420 \ubc31\uc778 \ubc18\uc778\uc885\uc8fc\uc758\uc790 \ub9ac\ub354, \uc870\uc9c1\uac00\ub97c \uc9c0\ud5a5\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc911\uc694\ud558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ub9e4\ud2b8\uac00 \ub9d0\ud55c \ub300\ub85c, \uc2dd\ubbfc\ud654\uac00 \ubc8c\uc5b4\uc9c0\uae30 \uc804\uc5d0 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc720\uc0c9\uc778 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\uc5d0 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uac00\uc9c0 \uc820\ub354\uac00 \uc788\uc5c8\uc74c\uc744 \uc54c\uace0 \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc8fc\uc758\uc640 \uc81c\uad6d\uc8fc\uc758\uac00 \ud569\uc911\uad6d\uc758 \uc820\ub354\uad00\uc744 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ube5a\uc5b4\ub0b4\ub294\uc9c0\ub97c \uc778\uc2dd\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc911\uc694\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud55c\ub2e4. \uacb0\uacfc\uc801\uc73c\ub85c, \ubc18\uc778\uc885\uc8fc\uc758 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \uac74\uc124\ud558\ub824\ub294 \ub178\ub825\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \ubd80\uc871\ud558\ub2e4 \u2015 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \ubc18\uacc4\uae09\uc8fc\uc758, \ubc18\uac00\ubd80\uc7a5\uc81c, \ubc18\uc5f0\ub839\uc8fc\uc758, \ubc18\uc815\uc0c1\uc2e0\uccb4\uc911\uc2ec\uc8fc\uc758, \ubc18\ub3d9\uc131\uc560\ud610\uc624\uc801\uc774\uae30\ub3c4 \ud55c \uc6b4\ub3d9, \uc989 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uac00\uc9c0 \uc820\ub354 \uc815\uccb4\uc131\uacfc \uc139\uc288\uc5bc\ub9ac\ud2f0\uc758 \ub2e4\uc591\uc131\uc744 \ubc18\uc601\ud558\uace0 \ud569\uc911\uad6d \uc548\ud30e\uc5d0\uc11c \ud569\uc911\uad6d \uc81c\uad6d\uc8fc\uc758\uc640 \uc9c0\uad6c\ud654\uc5d0 \ub9de\uc11c \ud22c\uc7c1\ud558\ub294 \uc774\ub4e4\uacfc \uc5f0\ub300\ud558\uace0\uc790 \ud558\ub294 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \uac74\uc124\ud558\ub824 \ub178\ub825\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ub9e4\ud2b8 \ub9ac\ucc98\ub4dc\uc2a8<\/strong>: \ubc18\uc778\uc885\uc8fc\uc758 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \uc870\uc9c1\ud654\uc5d0 \ub2e4\uc7c1\uc810 \uad00\uc810\uc774 \uc808\ub300\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc911\uc694\ud558\ub2e4\ub294 \ud06c\ub9ac\uc2a4\uc758 \ub9d0\uc5d0 \uc804\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub3d9\uc758\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc791\uae08\uc5d0 \ud034\uc5b4\uac00 \uacb0\ud63c\uc5d0 \uc9d1\uc911\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uce35\uc704\uc5d0\uc11c \ubb38\uc81c\uc801\uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ud06c\ub9ac\uc2a4\uc758 \ub9d0\ub300\ub85c \uc77c\ubd80\uc758 \uad8c\ub9ac\uc640 \ud61c\ud0dd\uc744 \ud655\ubcf4\ud558\uace0 \ub098\uba38\uc9c0\ub97c \ub9d0\ub3c4 \uc548 \ub418\uac8c \ucde8\uc57d\ud558\uac8c \ub0b4\ubc84\ub824\ub454\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \ud2b9\ud788 \ubb38\uc81c\uc801\uc774\ub2e4. \ub9d0\ub860 \ubca0\uc77c\ub9acMarlon Bailey, \ud504\ub9ac\uc57c \uce78\ub2e4\uc2a4\uc640\ubbf8Priya Kandaswamy\uc640 \uacf5\uc800\ud55c \u300c\ub3d9\uc131 \uacb0\ud63c\uc740 \uc778\uc885\uc8fc\uc758\uc801\uc778\uac00Is Gay Marriage Racist?\u300d(2004)\ub77c\ub294 \uae00\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub3c4 \ub3d9\uc131 \uacb0\ud63c\uc740 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ud034\uc5b4\uac00 \uad8c\ub9ac\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ub3d9\ub4f1\ud55c \uae30\ud68c\ub97c \uac16\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \uc804\uc81c\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \ud6a8\uacfc\uc801\uc778 \ubbfc\uad8c \uc804\ub7b5\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c\ub294 \ud55c\uacc4\uac00 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \ub17c\uc758\ud55c \ubc14 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud569\uc911\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc18\uc778\uc885\uc8fc\uc758 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \uac74\uc124\ud558\ub824\uba74 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uac00 \uac19\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c\uc744, \ud2b9\ud788 \uad6d\uac00 \uad8c\ub825\uacfc\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \uac19\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c\uc744 \uc778\uc2dd\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4. \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc820\ub354\ube44\uc21c\uc751\uc778\uc774 \ubc95 \uc55e\uc5d0\uc11c \ub3d9\ub4f1\ud558\ub2e4\ub294 \uc624\ud574\uac00 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \ucc28\ubcc4\uc744 \uacbd\uac10\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc774 \ub418\ub294 \ubc95\uc801 \uc218\ub2e8\ub4e4\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uae30\ub984\uc744 \ubd93\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ubc95\uc758 \ubcc0\ud654\uac00 \ubc18\ub4dc\uc2dc \ubaa8\ub450\uc5d0\uac8c \ub611\uac19\uc740 \ud61c\ud0dd\uc744 \uc8fc\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc785\ubc95\uc801 \uac1c\uc120\uc5d0 \uc9d1\uc911\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ud3c9\ub4f1\ud55c \ubcf4\ud638\ub77c\ub294 \uae08\uc5b8\uc5d0 \uae30\ub300\ub294 \uac83\uc778\ub370, \uc774\ub294 \uc5ec\uad8c\uc5d0 \ubb50\ub77c\uace0 \uc801\ud600 \uc788\uac74, \ud569\uc911\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \ud0dc\uc5b4\ub0ac\uac74 \uc544\ub2c8\uac74 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub97c \uad6d\uac00\uc5d0\uac8c \uc628\uc804\ud55c \uc2dc\ubbfc\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\uc815\ubc1b\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\ub294 \uc774\ub4e4\uc758 \uacbd\ud5d8\uc744 \uac04\uacfc\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uc774\ubc88\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uac00 \ud2b9\ud788 \uc720\uc6a9\ud558\ub2e4. \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\ub4e4\uc758 \uc0c1\ub300\uc801\uc778 \uc9c0\uc704\uc5d0 \uc8fc\ubaa9\ud574\uc57c \ud558\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub97c \uc5b4\ub290 \uc815\ub3c4 \uc54c\ub824\uc8fc\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. \uc2dc\ubbfc\uad8c\uc758 \ud55c\ub3c4\ub97c \uaddc\uc815\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uae30\uc5ec\ud55c \ud1a0\ub300\uc801\uc778 \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 \ud310\uacb0 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\ub85c \ub4dc\ub808\ub4dc \uc2a4\ucf67 \ub300 \uc0cc\ub4dc\ud37c\ub4dcDred Scott v. Sandford \ud310\ub840(1857)\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \ub178\uc608\uc778 \ucc44\uc600\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc2a4\ucf67\uacfc \ubcc0\ud638\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \uc8fc\uc778\uc774 \ub178\uc608\uc8fc\uc5d0\uc11c \uc790\uc720\uc601\ub3c4\ub85c \uc774\uc0ac\ud558\uba74 \uadf8\ub3c4 \uc790\uc720\uc778\uc774 \ub41c\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud588\ub2e4. \uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74 \ud6c4\uc190\uc5d0\uac8c \uc801\uc6a9\ub418\ub294 \ud569\uc911\uad6d \uc2dc\ubbfc\uad8c\uc758 \uc815\uc758 \uc790\uccb4\uc5d0 \ub3c4\uc804\ud55c \uc7ac\ud310\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ubc95\uc6d0\uc740 \uc2a4\ucf67\uc758 \ud328\uc18c\ub85c \ud310\uacb0\ud588\uace0, \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0\uc7a5 \ub85c\uc800 B \ud14c\uc774\ub2c8Roger B. Taney\ub294 \uc774\ub807\uac8c \uc801\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\uc6b0\ub9ac \uc55e\uc5d0 \ub193\uc778 \ubb38\uc81c\ub294 \uc2e4\ud6a8 \ud0c4\uc6d0\uc5d0 \uae30\uc7ac\ub41c \uacc4\uae09\uc774 \uad6d\ubbfc\uc758 \uc77c\uc6d0\uc774\uba70 \uc774 \uc8fc\uad8c\uad6d\uac00\uc758 \uc131\uc6d0\uc778\uac00 \ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uadf8\ub807\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub2e4\uace0, \ud5cc\ubc95 \uc0c1\uc758 “\uc2dc\ubbfc”\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ub9d0\uc5d0 \ud3ec\ud568\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\uba70 \ud5cc\ubc95\uc5d0 \uadf8\ub7f0 \uc758\ub3c4\uac00 \uc5c6\ub2e4\uace0, \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \ud5cc\ubc95\uc774 \ud569\uc911\uad6d \uc2dc\ubbfc\uc5d0\uac8c \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\uace0 \ubcf4\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uad8c\ub9ac\ub098 \ud2b9\uad8c\ub3c4 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud55c\ub2e4. \ubc18\ub300\ub85c, \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \ub2f9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uc9c0\ubc30 \uc778\uc885\uc5d0 \ubcf5\uc18d\ub41c \uc885\uc18d\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uc5f4\ub4f1\ud55c \uacc4\uae09\uc73c\ub85c \uac04\uc8fc\ub418\uc5c8\uace0 \ud574\ubc29\ub418\uc5c8\uac74 \uc544\ub2c8\uac74 \uc8fc\uc778\uc758 \uad8c\ub9ac \ud558\uc5d0 \ub0a8\uc73c\uba70, \uadf8\ub7ec\ud55c \uad8c\ub9ac\uc640 \ud2b9\uad8c\uc740 \uc815\ubd80\uac00 \ub204\uad6c\uc5d0\uac8c \ubd80\uc5ec\ud560\uc9c0\ub97c \uc120\ud0dd\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uad8c\ub825\uc744 \uac00\uc9c4 \uc774\uc5d0\uac8c\ub9cc \uc8fc\uc5b4\uc9c4\ub2e4. (Dred Scott v. Sandford, 1857)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\uc2a4\ucf67 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 1868\ub144, 1870\ub144\uc758 \uc218\uc815\ud5cc\ubc95 14\uc870, 15\uc870 \ube44\uc900\uc73c\ub85c \ub4a4\uc9d1\uc5b4\uc84c\ub2e4\uace0 \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc2dc\ubbfc\uad8c\uc774 \ubcf4\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \ubcf4\ud638\ub294 \ubd80\uc5ec\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4. \uacf5\uc2dd\uc801\uc778 \ub178\uc608\uc81c\uac00 \ud5cc\ubc95\uc5d0\uc11c \ud3d0\uae30\ub420 \uac83\uc744 \uc608\uacac\ud55c \ub0a8\ubd80 \uc8fc\ub4e4\uc740 [\ub178\uc608\uc81c\uac00 \ud3d0\uc9c0\ub41c] 1865\ub144\uc5d0\ub294 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc774 \uc790\uc720\ubbfc\uc774 \ub41c \uc774\ub4e4\uc744 \uaddc\uc81c\ud558\uace0 \uc608\uc18d\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294, \ud751\uc778\ubc95Black Codes\uc774\ub77c \ubd88\ub9ac\ub294 \uc77c\ub828\uc758 \ubc95\ub839\uc744 \ubc1c\ud6a8\ud574 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uacf5\uacf5 \uc7a5\uc18c\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ud68c\ud569\uc774\ub098 \ubc31\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c\uc758 \ub9d0\ub300\uafb8 \ub4f1\uc758 \uc8c4\ubaa9\uc73c\ub85c \uad6d\uac00\uac00 \ud5c8\uc6a9\ud558\uace0 \uac15\uc81c\ud55c \uac10\uae08\uacfc \ud3ed\ub825\uc744 \uac00\ud588\ub2e4. \ubb3c\ub860, \uc0dd\uba85\uacfc \uc790\uc720\uc5d0\uc758 \uad8c\ub9ac\ub098 \ud22c\ud45c\uad8c \uac19\uc740, \uc218\uc815 \ud5cc\ubc95\uc758 \ubc95\uc801 \uc57d\uc18d\ub4e4\uc740 \ubc18\ud751\uc778 \uac10\uc815\uc758 \ud0d0\uc695\uc2a4\ub7f0 \ud798\uc5d0 \ub20c\ub824 \ubc84\ub838\ub2e4. \uc544\uc9c1\ub3c4 \uc624\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uc81c\uc57d \uc5c6\ub294 \ud22c\ud45c\uad8c\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \ud751\uc778\uc774 \ubc31 \ub144\uc744 \ub354 \uc2f8\uc6cc\uc57c \ud588\uc744 \ubfd0 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \uc804\ud6c4 \ub0a8\ubd80\ub294 \uc0b4\uc778\uc758 \uad11\ud48d\uc5d0 \ud729\uc2f8\uc5ec, \uac70\ub9ac\ub08c \uc5c6\ub294 \ub9b0\uce58\ub77c\ub294 \uc720\uc0b0\uc744 \ub0a8\uacbc\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uc624\ub298\ub0a0 \ud569\uc911\uad6d \ud751\uc778 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc758 \uc0b4\uc544\uc9c4 \uacbd\ud5d8\uc740 \uad6d\uac00 \ubcf4\ud638\ub77c\ub294 \uc57d\uc18d\uacfc \uaddc\uc81c, \uac10\uc2dc, \uc794\ud639\ud589\uc704\ub77c\ub294 \uad00\ud589 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \ubd88\uc77c\uce58\ub97c \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc900\ub2e4. 1999\ub144, \uce98\ub9ac\ud3ec\ub2c8\uc544 \uc624\ud074\ub79c\ub4dc\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5f4\ub9b0 \ubcc0\ud654\ub97c\ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294\ub300\ud68cCreating Change Conference \uae30\uac04\uc5d0 \uc5b4\ub290 \uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74\uacc4 \ubbf8\uad6d\uc778 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \uc5ec\uc131 \ub2e8\uccb4\uac00 \uc624\ud074\ub79c\ub4dc \uc2dc\ub0b4\uc5d0\uc11c \uacf5\uaca9\uc744 \ub2f9\ud588\ub2e4. \ud604\uc7a5\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ucc29\ud55c \uacbd\ucc30 \uc5ed\uc2dc \ud53c\ud574\uc790\ub4e4\uc744 \uacf5\uaca9\ud588\ub2e4. \ud55c \uacbd\uad00\uc740 “\uc11c\ub958 \uc791\uc5c5\uc5d0 \uc9c4\uc808\uba38\ub9ac\uac00 \ub098. \ub2f9\uc2e0\ub4e4 14\ubc88\uac00 \ub044\ud2b8\uba38\ub9ac\ub791 \ube0c\ub85c\ub4dc\uc6e8\uc774\uc5d0 \uc624\uc9c0 \ub9d0\ub77c\uace0 \ud588\uc744 \ud150\ub370. \ub2f9\uc2e0\ub4e4 \ub4a4\uce58\ub2e5\uac70\ub9ac\uc5d0 \uc9c4\uc808\uba38\ub9ac\uac00 \ub09c\ub2e4\uace0”\ub77c\uace0 \ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \ud55c\ub2e4 (GenderPAC, 1999). \uadf8\ub0a0\ubc24 \uc624\ud074\ub79c\ub4dc \uacbd\ucc30\uccad\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub300\ud68c \ucc38\uc5ec\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uc9d1\ud68c\ub97c \uc5f4\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uae30 \uc788\ub294 \ub2e4\ub978 \ubd84\ub4e4\uacfc \ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0\ub85c \ub098\ub3c4 \uadf8 \uc9d1\ud68c\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ucc98\uc74c\uc758 \uacf5\uaca9\uacfc \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uacbd\ucc30\uc758 \uc5b8\uc5b4 \ud3ed\ub825\uc740 \ub354 \ud070 \ud2c0\uc5d0\uc11c \uacc4\uc18d\ub418\ub294 \ubcf4\ud638\uc640 \ubcf5\ubb34\uc5d0\uc758 \uac70\ubd80\uc758 \uc77c\ud658\uc774\uba70, \ud2b8,\ud2b9\ud788 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\ub97c \uaca8\ub0e5\ud55c \uacbd\ucc30 \uc794\ud639\ud589\uc704\uc5d0 \uad00\ud574, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uad6d\uac00\uac00 \uc704\uc784\ud55c \uc778\uc885\uc8fc\uc758 \ud3ed\ub825\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc5d0 \uad00\ud574 \ud568\uc758\ud558\ub294 \ubc14\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub0a0 \ubc24 \ub4e4\uc740 \uc5f0\uc124 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294, \uadf8 \uc0ac\uac74\uc744 \uadf8 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\uc758 \uc218\ub9ce\uc740 \uad6c\uc131\uc6d0\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc77c\uc5b4\ub098\ub294 \uc77c\uc0c1\uc801\uc778 \uc778\uc885\uc8fc\uc758 \ud3ed\ub825\uacfc \uc5f0\uacb0 \uc9d3\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ubcc0\ud654\ub97c\ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294\ub300\ud68c \ub54c\uc758 \uadf8 \uc0ac\uac74\uc774 \uc788\uace0 \uaca8\uc6b0 \uba87 \ub144 \ud6c4\uc778 2004\ub144\uc5d0, \uadf8\ub54c\uc640 \ub611\uac19\uc774 14\ubc88\uac00\uc640 \ube0c\ub85c\ub4dc\uc6e8\uc774\uac00 \ub9cc\ub098\ub294 \uc704\uce58\uc5d0\uc11c, \uc9c4\uc555\ubcf5\uc744 \uc785\uc740 \uacbd\ucc30\uc774 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc774 \ud751\uc778 \uc74c\uc545 \ucd95\uc81c \ucc38\uac00\uc790\uc600\ub358 \uc5b4\ub290 \ud3c9\ud654\ub85c\uc6b4 \ubaa8\uc784\uc744 \uae09\uc2b5\ud558\ub294 \ubaa8\uc2b5\uc744 \ubaa9\uaca9\ud588\ub2e4. \ub9c8\uce68 \uadf8 \uc2f8\uc6c0 \uc7a6\uc740 \ubaa8\ud241\uc774\uc5d0 \uc0b4\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc5b4\ub290 \ub0a0\uc740 \uc9d1\uc5d0 \uac00\ub294\ub370 \ud1b5\uadfc \uc5f4\ucc28\uac00 \uac11\uc790\uae30 \uba48\ucdc4\ub2e4. \uc2b9\uac1d\uc5d0\uac8c\ub294 \uc9c0\uc0c1\uc5d0\uc11c \ud3ed\ub3d9\uc774 \ubc8c\uc5b4\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0, \uc2b9\uac1d\uc758 \uc548\uc804\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \uc774 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc73c\ub85c \uac00\ub294 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc5f4\ucc28\uac00 \uc989\uc2dc \uc6b4\ud589\uc744 \uc911\ub2e8\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \uc548\ub0b4\ud588\ub2e4. \uadfc\ucc98\uc5d0 \uc0ac\ub294 \uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \ub0b4\ub9b4 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ub2e4\ub978 \uc5f4\ucc28\ub294 \uc778\uadfc \ub450 \uac1c\uc758 \uc5ed\uc5d0 \uc815\ucc28\uac00 \ud5c8\uac00\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4. \ubc84\uc2a4\ub3c4 \uc6b0\ud68c\ud588\ub2e4. \uac70\ub9ac\ub85c \uc62c\ub77c\uac00\uc790 \ub300\uc911 \uad50\ud1b5\uc744 \ud0c8 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc5b4 \ubc1c\uc774 \ubb36\uc778, \ub300\ubd80\ubd84 \ud751\uc778 \uccad\ub144\uc778 \uc870\uc6a9\ud55c \uad70\uc911\uacfc \ud655\uc131\uae30\ub97c \ub4e4\uace0 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ub2f9\uc7a5 \uadf8\uacf3\uc744 \ub5a0\ub098\ub77c\uace0 \ub9d0\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uacbd\ucc30 \ub300\uc5f4\uc774 \ubcf4\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uc74c\uc545 \ucd95\uc81c\uc5d0 \uac14\ub358 \uac83\ub3c4 \uc544\ub2c8\uc5c8\uace0 \uadf8\uc800 \uad70\uc911 \uc18d \ub610 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uac80\uc740 \uc5bc\uad74\uc774\uc5c8\uc744 \ubfd0\uc774\uc5c8\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc5b4\ub290\ub367 \uac70\ub9ac\uc5d0 \ud22c\ucc99\ub41c \ucd5c\ub8e8\uac00\uc2a4 \uce94\uc744 \ud53c\ud574 \uc5bc\uad74\uc744 \uac00\ub9ac\uba70 \uacbd\ucc30\uc758 \uace4\ubd09\uc744 \ud53c\ud574 \ub3c4\ub9dd\uce58\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ud6c4 \uacbd\ucc30\uc740 \uad70\uc911\uc774 \ud1b5\uc81c \ubd88\ub2a5 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70 \uc801\uc808\ud55c \uc870\uce58\ub97c \ucde8\ud55c \uac83\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc131\uba85\uc744 \ubc1c\ud45c\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc774\ub4e0 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc774\ub4e0, \ubc18\uc778\uc885\uc8fc\uc758 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc774\ub77c\uba74 \uac16\uac00\uc9c0 \ud615\ud0dc\uc758 \uc778\uc885\uc8fc\uc758\uc5d0 \ucde8\uc57d\ud55c \uc774\ub4e4\uc758 \uc77c\uc0c1\uacfc \ub2e4\ud22c\uc5b4\uc57c\ub9cc \ud55c\ub2e4. 1999\ub144\uc5d0 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354 \uc5ec\uc131\ub4e4\uc744 \uacf5\uaca9\ud55c \ud6c4, \uacbd\ucc30\uc740 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \ubb38\uc81c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uac10\uc218\uc131 \ud6c8\ub828\uc744 \ud558\ub77c\ub294 \uad8c\uace0\ub97c \ubc1b\uc558\ub2e4. \uc88b\uc740 \uc81c\uc548\uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uadf8\ub0a0\uc758 \ud3ed\ub825\uc774\ub098 \uacbd\ucc30\uc758 \uadf8\ub7f0 \ubc18\uc751\uc744 \ucd09\ubc1c\ud55c \ud6e8\uc52c \ud070 \uad6c\uc870\uc801 \uc870\uac74\ub4e4\uc740 \uac74\ub4dc\ub9ac\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc774\ub2e4. \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \uc870\uc9c1\uc758 \ub9ac\ub354\uc2ed\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud06c\ub9ac\uc2a4\uc758 \uc9c8\ubb38\ub4e4\uc5d0\uc11c \ub4dc\ub7ec\ub098\ub4ef, \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \uc870\uc9c1\uc744 \uc778\uc885\uc8fc\uc758\uc640 \uacc4\uae09 \uc5b5\uc555\uc5d0 \uc601\ud5a5 \ubc1b\ub294 \uc774\ub4e4\uc774 \uc774\ub04c\uc218\ub85d, \uc774\ubbf8 \uad00\ub828 \uc7c1\uc810\ub4e4\uacfc \uc528\ub984\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc870\uc9c1\uacfc\uc758 \ud611\ub825\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud574 \ub354 \ub9ce\uc740 \ub2e4\uce35\uc801 \uc804\ub7b5\uc774 \uac00\ub3d9\ub420 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uc218\uc804 \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub77c\uc774\ucee4<\/strong>: 1980\ub144\ub300 \ub9d0\uc5d0 \uac1c\uc778 \uc218\uc900\uc5d0\uc11c \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\uc5d0 \ucc38\uc5ec\ud558\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud55c \ud6c4\ub85c, \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354 \uc7c1\uc810\ub4e4\uc774 \ud2c0\uc9c0\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc774 \ud06c\uac8c \ubcc0\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ubcf4\uc544 \uc654\ub2e4. \uac70\uc758 20\ub144\uc774 \uc9c0\ub0ac\ub2e4\ub294 \uac78 \ubbff\uae30 \ud798\ub4e4 \uc9c0\uacbd\uc774\ub2e4. \ub2f9\uc2dc\uc5d0\ub294 \uc815\uce58\uc801\uc778 \uad00\uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\uace0\ud558\ub294 \ub2e4\ub978 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\ub97c \ucc3e\uae30\uac00 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ud798\ub4e4\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub0b4\uac00 \ub9cc\ub09c \uc0ac\ub78c \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc740 \uc0dd\uc874\uc5d0 \ucd08\uc810\uc744 \ub450\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \uc9c0\uc9c0 \ubaa8\uc784\uc740 \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud788\ub4e4 \uc6b0\uc6b8\ud588\uace0 \uc885\ub958\ub97c \ub9c9\ub860\ud558\uace0 \uc790\uc6d0\uc740 \uc5c6\ub2e4\uc2dc\ud53c \ud588\ub2e4. \ub2f9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uc874\uc7ac\ud588\ub358 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc740 \uac70\uc758 \uc804\uc801\uc73c\ub85c, \uc218\uc220, \ud638\ub974\ubaac, \uc0c1\ub2f4 \uc811\uadfc\uc131 \uac1c\uc120\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \uc758\ub8cc \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4 \uc81c\uacf5\uc790, \uc2ec\ub9ac\uce58\ub8cc \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4 \uc81c\uacf5\uc790\ub97c \uad50\uc721\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc9d1\uc911\ud588\ub2e4. \uc758\ub8cc\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc2dd\ubbfc\ud654\ub41c \uc774\ub4e4\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc774\uc57c\uae30, \ud544\uc694\ud55c \ud638\ub974\ubaac\uacfc \uc218\uc220\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc774\uc57c\uae30, 1970\ub144\ub300 \uac8c\uc774, \ub808\uc988\ube44\uc5b8, \uc9c4\ubcf4 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc131\uc804\ud658\uc790 \ub9c8\ub140 \uc0ac\ub0e5\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc774\uc57c\uae30, \uc131\ub9e4\ub9e4\uc640 \uc5d0\uc774\uc988 \ubb38\uc81c\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc774\uc57c\uae30\uac00 \ub9ce\uc558\ub2e4 \u2015 \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \ub0b4\uac00 \ucc3e\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\ub358 \uc815\uce58 \ub2f4\ub860\uc740 \uadf8\uac8c \ub2e4\uc600\ub2e4. \uc5d0\uc774\uc988 \ubb38\uc81c\uc5d0 \uc801\uadf9\uc801\uc778 \uc774\ub4e4\uc744 \ube7c\uba74, \uc815\uce58\uc801 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc740 \uac70\uc758 \ucc3e\uc744 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ub9cc\uc5f0\ud55c \ube44\uc815\uce58\uc801 \ud0dc\ub3c4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574, \ub098\ub294 \uaf64 \uc624\ub9cc\ud588\ub2e4. 1980\ub144\ub300 \uac70\uc758 \ub0b4\ub0b4 \ubc84\ud074\ub9ac\uc5d0\uc11c \ub300\ud559\uc6d0\uc744 \ub2e4\ub154\uace0, \ubaa8\uc885\uc758 \uc0b4\uc544\uc9c4 \uc2e4\ucc9c\uacfc \uc5f0\uacb0\uc9c0\uc73c\ub824 \ud544\uc0ac\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc560\uc4f0\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub358 \ud478\ucf54\ub85c \uba38\ub9ac\uac00 \uac00\ub4dd \ucc28 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc0cc\ud504\ub780\uc2dc\uc2a4\ucf54\uc758 \uc5b8\ub354\uadf8\ub77c\uc6b4\ub4dc \uac00\uc8fd\/SM\uacc4\uc5d0 \uac00\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub294\ub370, \ub0b4\uac8c\ub294 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ud558\uba74 \uc820\ub354, \uc139\uc2a4, \uc139\uc288\uc5bc\ub9ac\ud2f0, \uc815\uccb4\uc131, \uccb4\ud604, \uc695\ub9dd\uc744 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uae09\uc9c4\uc801\uc778 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \ubb36\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc744\uc9c0\ub97c \uc54c\uc544\ubcfc, \ub610\ud55c \uc65c \uadf8\ub7f0 \uc0c9\ub2e4\ub978 \ubb38\ud654\uac00 \uc9c0\ubc30 \ubb38\ud654\uc5d0\ub294 \uadf8\ud1a0\ub85d \uc704\ud611\uc801\uc774\uc5b4 \ubcf4\uc774\ub294\uc9c0\ub97c \uc0dd\uac01\ud574 \ubcfc, \ub180\ub77c\uc6b4 \uc2e4\ud5d8\uc2e4\uc774\uc790 \uc791\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uac83\uc774 \uc9dc\ub9bf\ud558\ub9ac\ub9cc\uce58 \uc815\uce58\uc801\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc880 \uae30\uc6b4\ube60\uc9c0\ub294 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uadf8 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\ub4e4\uc744 \ub0b4 \ubcf8\uac70\uc9c0\ub85c \uc0bc\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uba87 \ub144\uc774 \uc9c0\ub09c 1980\ub144\ub300 \ud6c4\ubc18\uc5d0\uc57c, \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\ub4e4\uc774 \uaf2d \uc790\uae30\uac00 \uc6d0\ud574\uc11c \ube44\uc815\uce58\uc801\uc778 \uac74 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc54c\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc57c, \uc9c4\uc9dc\ub85c, \ub0b4\uac00 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354\ub77c\uace0 \ud574\uc11c \uadf8\uac8c \ub0b4\uac00 \uc815\uc2e0\ubcd1\uc790\ub77c\uac70\ub098 \ud398\ubbf8\ub2c8\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc758\uc2dd \uace0\uc591 \ubaa8\uc784\uc5d0 \ub098\uac00\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\uac70\ub098 \ub0b4 \ubab8\uc744 \ud6fc\uc190\ud558\uace0 \uc2f6\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4e0 \uc5b5\uc555\uc801\uc778 \uc131\ubcc4 \uace0\uc815\uad00\ub150\uc5d0\uc11c \uc790\uc720\ub85c\uc6cc\uc838\uc11c \ub0b4 \ubcf8\ubaa8\uc2b5\uc778 \uac8c\uc774 \ub0a8\uc131\uc73c\ub85c \ucee4\ubc0d\uc544\uc6c3 \ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \ub73b\uc740 \uc544\ub2c8\uc57c \u2015 \uc2e4\uc740 \ub2f9\uc2dc\uc5d4 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc774\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc774\ub7f0 \ub9d0\uc744 \ud558\ub294 \uac83 \ub9d0\uace0\ub294 \ub2ec\ub9ac \ubb34\uc5b8\uac00\ub97c \ud560 \uae30\ud68c\uac00 \ubcc4\ub85c \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub358 \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354 \ubb38\uc81c\ub294 \uadf8\uac83\uc744 \ubb34\ud6a8\ud654\ud558\ub294 \ubb38\ud654\uc801 \uacbd\ud5a5\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc0c1 \uac00\ub85c\ub9c9\ud600 \uc788\uc5c8\uace0 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc744 \ud560 \uae30\ud68c\ub294 \ubcc4\ub85c \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\ub85c\uc11c \ud558\ub8e8\ud558\ub8e8\ub97c \uc0ac\ub294 \ub370\ub9cc\ub3c4 \uc5c4\uccad\ub09c \ud798\uacfc \uacb0\uae30\uac00 \ud544\uc694\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ubc00\uc2e4\uacf5\ud3ec\uc99d\uc744 \uc77c\uc73c\ud0ac \uc9c0\uacbd\uc774\uc5c8\ub358 \uadf8 \uac00\ub85c\ub9c9\ud600 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \ub290\ub08c\uc774 \ub098\ub85c \ud558\uc5ec\uae08 1990\ub144 \ucd08\uc758 \ud034\uc5b4 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc5d0 \uc0ac\ub85c\uc7a1\ud788\uac8c \ud588\ub358 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ub0b4 \uc0b6\uc5d0\uc11c, \ub9c8\uce68\ub0b4 \ucc45\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc30\uc6b0\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uac70\ub9ac\uc758 \uc815\uce58\uc640 \uc774\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uac8c \ud574 \uc8fc\ub294 \uacf3\uc744 \ub9cc\ub09c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ub098\uc640 \ube44\uc2b7\ud55c \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\ub294 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\ub4e4, \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \uc7c1\uc810\uc744 \ud22c\uc7c1\uc801\uc778 \ubb38\ud654 \uc815\uce58\ub85c \uc5f0\uacb0\ud558\uace0 \uc2f6\uc5b4\ud558\ub294 \uc774\ub4e4, \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ub0b4\ubd84\ube44\uacfc \uc758\uc0ac\uac00 \uc790\uc2e0\uc744 \uc778\uac04\uc73c\ub85c \ub300\uc6b0\ud574\uc904\uc9c0\ub098 \ub204\uad6c\ub294 \ucc98\ubc29\uc804 \ubc1c\uae09\uc744 \uae5c\ube61\ud560 \uac83 \uac19\uc740\uc9c0 \uac19\uc740 \uc77c\uc0c1\uc801\uc778 \ubb38\uc81c\ubfd0 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uac70\ub300\ud55c \uad6c\uc870\uc801 \ubb38\uc81c\ub3c4 \ub2e4\ub8e8\uace0 \uc2f6\uc5b4\ud558\ub294 \uc774\ub4e4\uc744 \ub9c8\uce68\ub0b4 \ucc3e\uc740 \uac83\uc774 \ub108\ubb34\ub3c4 \uae30\ubee4\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc758\ub8cc \ubcf4\ud5d8\uc5d0 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \ubc30\uc81c\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc6cc\ud0b9 \uadf8\ub8f9\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uace0 \ubcf4\ud3b8\uc801 \ubcf4\uac74\uc758\ub8cc\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc120\uc5b8\ubb38\uc744 \uc4f0\uace0 \uc131 \ub3d9\uc77c\uc131 \uc7a5\uc560gernder identity disorder\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud56d\uc758\ub85c \ubbf8\uad6d\uc815\uc2e0\uacfc\ud611\ud68cAmerican Psychiatric Association\uc640 \ud574\ub9ac\ubca4\uc800\ubbfc\uad6d\uc81c\uc131\ubcc4\uc704\ud654\uac10\ud611\ud68cHarry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association\ub97c \uae30\uc2b5\ud558\uace0 \ubcd1\ub9ac\ud654\uc5d0 \uae30\ub300\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0\ub3c4 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \ubcf4\uac74\uc758\ub8cc \uc811\uadfc\uc131\uc744 \uc5bb\uc5b4\ub0bc \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uadfc\uac70\ub97c \ub9c8\ub828\ud588\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc628 \uc138\uc0c1\uc744 \ubc14\uafb8\ub294 \uac83\ub9cc \uac19\uc558\ub358, \uae30\uc138\ub4f1\ub4f1\ud55c \uc2dc\ub300\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354 \ub300\ud654\uac00 \ubaa8\uc591\uc744 \uac16\ucd94\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\ub294 \ubaa8\uc2b5\uc744 \ubcf4\ub294 \ud658\ud76c\ub294 \ub9d0\ub85c\ub294 \ub2e4 \uc804\ud558\uae30 \uc5b4\ub835\ub2e4. \uc77c\ub2e8 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub3c4 \ubaa8\uc790\ub784 \uac83 \uc5c6\ub294viable \uc778\uac04\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uad50\uc721\ud560 \ud544\uc694 \uc5c6\uc774 \ub4dc\ub514\uc5b4 \ube44\ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\ub4e4\uacfc\ub3c4 \ub300\ud654\ub97c \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uac74 \uc815\ub9d0\uc774\uc9c0 \uae30\uc05c \uc77c\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc560\ucd08\uc5d0 \ubb34\uc5b8\uac00\ub97c \ub9d0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc704\uce58\uac00 \uc544\ub2cc \uac83\uacfc \ubb34\uc5c7\uc744 \ub9d0\ud558\ub294 \uac8c \uac00\uc7a5 \uc88b\uc744\uc9c0\ub97c \ub450\uace0 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\ub4e4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\uacac\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \uac83 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \ud06c\ub098\ud070 \ucc28\uc774\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc758\uc2dd\uc774, \ub0b4\uac00 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc774 \ud574\uc57c \ud558\ub294 \uc77c\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc7a5\uae30\uc801 \uad00\uc810\uc744 \uac00\uc9c8 \uc218 \uc788\uac8c \ud574 \uc900\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ubb50\ub4e0 \ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83, \ube44\uad50\uc801 \uc9e7\uc740 \uc2dc\uac04 \ub3d9\uc548 \uadf8\ub807\uac8c\ub098 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc77c\uc744 \ud588\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc5d0 \uc544\uc9c1\ub3c4 \uc870\uae08 \uc5bc\ub5a8\ub5a8\ud558\ub2e4. \uc9c0\uae08\uc740 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc5d0\uac8c \uc5ec\ub7ec \uac1c\uc758 \ud2c0\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4 \uae30\ud68c\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc774, \ud2c0\uc774 \uac00\uc7a5 \ud06c\uac8c \ub2ec\ub77c\uc9c4 \uc9c0\uc810\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uadf8 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc744 \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uba74, \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc815\ucc45\uacfc \uac15\ub839\uc774 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc758 \uc911\uc2ec\uc774 \ub418\uc5b4\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\ub294\uc9c0 \ub9d0\ud558\uae30\uac00 \ub9dd\uc124\uc5ec\uc9c4\ub2e4. \ub300\uccb4\ub85c\ub294 \ubb50\ub4e0 \uc911\uc2ec\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uac83 \uc790\uccb4\ub97c \uc88b\uc544\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4 \u2015 \uc5b8\uc81c\ub4e0 \uac00\ub2a5\ud560 \ub54c (\uc801\uc5b4\ub3c4 \uc740\uc720\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub77c\ub3c4) \uc655\uc758 \ubaa9\uc744 \ubca0\uace0 \uc8fc\uad8c \uad8c\ub825\uc744 \ud0c0\ub3c4\ud558\uc790. \uc55e\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\uac00 \ub098\uc628 \ub300\ub85c, \uc6b0\ub9ac \uc911 \ubb50\ub4e0 \ud2b9\uad8c\uc744 \uac00\uc9c4 \uc774\ub4e4\uc774 \uadf8\uc800 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ub204\ub9ac\ub294 \ubc14\ub85c \uadf8 \ud2b9\uad8c\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uc8fc\ubcc0\ud654\ub418\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4, \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\ub4e4\uc744 \uc801\uadf9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ucc3e\uc544 \ub098\uc11c\ub294 \uac83\ubfd0 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uadf8\ub4e4\uc744 \uacbd\uccad\ud558\uace0 \uadf8\ub4e4\uacfc \ud611\ub825\ud574 \ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc815\uc758\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc0c1\ud669\uc744, \ucc28\uc774\uac00 \uadf8\uc800 \ucc28\uc774\uc77c \ubfd0 \uc704\uacc4\uac00 \uc544\ub2cc \uc0c1\ud669\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4 \ub0b4\ub294 \uc77c\uc758 \uc911\uc694\uc131\ub3c4 \ub2e4\uc2dc \ub9d0\ud574 \ub450\uace0 \uc2f6\ub2e4. \uc5ec\ub7ec\uac00\uc9c0 \uc8fc\ubcc0\uc131, \ud2b9\ud788 \uc778\uc885\uacfc \uacc4\uae09\uc774 \uad6c\ucd95\ud558\ub294 \uc8fc\ubcc0\uc131\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc8fc\uc758\ub97c \uae30\uc6b8\uc774\ub294 \uc77c\uc740 \ud558\ub098\uc758, \ud1b5\uc77c\ub41c \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c0\uc9c0 \uc54a\uaca0\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uadf8\uac83\uc740 \ucd95\ud558\ud574\uc57c \ud560 \uc77c\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc6b4\ub3d9\ub3c4 \ud558\ub098\uac00 \ubaa8\ub450\uc758 \uc695\uad6c\uc5d0 \ubd80\uc751\ud558\uc9c0\ub294 \uc54a\uc744 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud559\uc220\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud2c0 \uc9c0\uc5b4\uc9c4 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354 \uc5f0\uad6c\ub294 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \ud65c\ub3d9\uac00\ub4e4\uc758 \uc695\uad6c, \uc758\uc81c\uc5d0 \uc5bc\ub9c8\ub098 \ubd80\ud569\ud558\ub294\uac00? \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ud559\uc220 \uc791\uc5c5\uc774 \uac00\uc7a5 \ud544\uc694\ud55c\uac00? \uac00\uc7a5 \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc774 \uc548 \ub418\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uac83\uc778\uac00?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ub9e4\ud2b8 \ub9ac\ucc98\ub4dc\uc2a8<\/strong>: \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \ud65c\ub3d9\uac00\ub4e4\uc774 \ud559\uacc4\uc5d0 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc744 \ubc14\ub77c\uba70 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \ud65c\ub3d9\uacfc \uad00\ub828\ud574 \ud559\uacc4\uc758 \uc5ed\ud560\uc774 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc778\uc9c0\ub97c \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\ub294 \ub370\uc5d0\ub294 \uc800\ubc88\uc5d0 \ud06c\ub9ac\uc2a4\uac00 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ub97c \uaebc\ub0b8 \ub9ac\ub354\uc2ed\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ubb38\uc81c\ub4e4\uc774 \ud2b9\ud788 \uc911\uc694\ud558\ub2e4. \uc6b0\uc120, \ub0a8\uc740 \ubb38\uc81c\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4 \u2015 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ud65c\ub3d9\uac00 \ub9d0\uc778\uac00? \uc720\uc0c9\uc778 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uac00 \uc774\ub04c\uace0 \uc720\uc0c9\uc778 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ud65c\ub3d9\uc744 \ud558\ub294 \uc870\uc9c1\ub4e4\uc5d0\ub294 \uc8fc\ub85c \ubc31\uc778\uc778 \uc870\uc9c1\uacfc\ub294 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc758\uc81c\uac00 \uc788\uc744 \uac83\uc774\uba70 \uc11c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub978 \uc720\uc0c9\uc778\ub4e4\ub07c\ub9ac\ub3c4 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ubaa9\ud45c\ub97c \uac16\uace0 \uc788\uc744 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ud559\uc790\ub85c\uc11c\ub098 \ud65c\ub3d9\uac00\ub85c\uc11c\ub098 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\ub4e4\uc758 \uc0b6\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ucc45\uc784\uc744 \ub2e4\ud558\ub824\uba74 \uc774\ub7f0 \ucc28\uc774\uc810\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc8fc\uc758\ub97c \uae30\uc6b8\uc5ec\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ubbf8\ub798\uc758 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \uc5f0\uad6c\uac00 \uac00\uc7a5 \ucde8\uc57d\ud55c \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \uc778\uad6c\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c\uc11c \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \ubc29\ud5a5\uc744 \ucc3e\ub294 \ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \uac14\uc73c\uba74 \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, \ud06c\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub294 \uc0cc\ud504\ub780\uc2dc\uc2a4\ucf54 \ub9cc\uc548 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c \ud65c\ub3d9\ud558\ub294 TGIJP\ub97c \uc5b8\uae09\ud588\ub2e4. TGIJP\uac00 \ubc14\ub77c\ubcf4\ub294 \uc774\ub4e4 \u2015 \ub300\ub7c9\uac10\uae08 \ub2f9\ud558\ub294, \uadf8 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc774 \uc720\uc0c9\uc778\uc774\uae30\ub3c4 \ud55c \uc774\ub4e4 \u2015 \uc5d0\uac8c \uac00\uc7a5 \ud544\uc694\ud560 \ub9cc\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \ubcf8\uc778\uc774 \ud65c\ub3d9\uac00\uc774\uae30\ub3c4 \ud55c \ud559\uc790\ub2e4. \uc2e4\ucc9c\uc5d0 \uac00\uce58\ub97c \ub450\ub294 \ud559\uc790\ub294 \uc790\uae30 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc758 \uadfc\uac04\uc744 \uc774\ub8e8\ub294 \ud22c\uc7c1\uc758 \ud604\uc7a5\uc5d0 \uc9c1\uc811 \ucc38\uc5ec\ud558\uace4 \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc564\uc824\ub77c \ub370\uc774\ube44\uc2a4Angela Davis\uac00 \uc88b\uc740 \uc608\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub140\uac00 \ud22c\uc7c1\uc5d0 \ud5cc\uc2e0\ud55c 40\ub144\uc774 \ub118\ub294 \uc2dc\uac04\uc740 \uadfc\uc791 \u300e\uac10\uc625\uc774 \uc61b\uc77c\uc778\uac00?Are Prisons Obsolete?\u300f(Davis, 2003)\ub97c \ube44\ub86f\ud55c \uad00\ub828 \ud559\uc220 \uc800\uc220\uacfc \ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0\ub85c \uc798 \uae30\ub85d\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4. \ub2e4\ub978 \uc608\ub85c\ub294, \ub85c\uc2a4\uc564\uc824\ub808\uc2a4\uc758 \ub0a8\uac00\uc8fc\ub300\ud559\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c \ubbf8\uad6d\ud559\u00b7\ubbfc\uc871\uc9c0 \uacfc\uc815\uc744 \ub9e1\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70 \ud569\uc911\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc804\uad6d \ub2e8\uc704 \ubc18\uac10\uc625 \uc870\uc9c1 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\uc778 \ube44\ud310\uc801\uc800\ud56dCritical Resistance\uc758 \ucc3d\ub9bd \uba64\ubc84\uc774\uae30\ub3c4 \ud55c \ub8e8\uc2a4 \uc70c\uc2a8 \uae38\ubaa8\uc5b4Ruth Wilson Gilmore \uac19\uc740 \uc774\ub4e4\uc744 \ub4e4 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uae38\ubaa8\uc5b4\ub294 \uac10\uc625\uc6b4\uc601\uc815\uc9c0\ud504\ub85c\uc81d\ud2b8Prison Moratorium Project\uc640 \uce98\ub9ac\ud3ec\ub2c8\uc544\uac10\uc625\uac10\uc2dcCalifornia Prison Focus\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \ud65c\ubc1c\ud788 \ud65c\ub3d9\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70 \uc5bc\ub9c8 \uc804\uc5d0 \u300e\ud669\uae08 \uc218\uc6a9\uc18c: \uc9c0\uad6c\ud654\ud558\ub294 \uce98\ub9ac\ud3ec\ub2c8\uc544\uc758 \uac10\uc625, \uc789\uc5ec, \uc704\uae30, \ubc18\ub300Golden Gulag: Prisons, Surplus, Crisis and Opposition in Globalizing California\u300f(Gilmore, 2007)\ub97c \ud3b4\ub0b4\uae30\ub3c4 \ud588\ub2e4. \ub098\ub3c4 \uadf8\ub807\uace0, \uc564\uc824\ub77c \ub370\uc774\ube44\uc2a4\ub098 \ub8e8\uc2a4 \uc70c\uc2a8 \uae38\ubaa8\uc5b4 \uac19\uc774 \ud604\uae30\uc99d \ub098\ub294 \uc774\ub825\uc744 \uc0b4\uc544 \ub0bc \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc740 \ubcc4\ub85c \uc5c6\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740, \uc801\uc5b4\ub3c4 \ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \uc790\uc2e0\uc774 \uae00\ub85c \uc4f0\ub294 \ubb3c\uc801 \uc870\uac74\ub4e4\uc744 \ubc14\uafb8\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ud5cc\uc2e0\ud558\ub294 \uadf8 \uc815\uc2e0\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c, \uc6b0\ub9ac \ubaa8\ub450\uac00 \ud3ec\ubd80\ub97c \ud488\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc744 \ub9cc\ud55c \ubcf8\ubcf4\uae30\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uc774\ub7f0 \uba74\uc5d0\uc11c, \ubbfc\uc871 \uc5f0\uad6c \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc791\ub3d9\ud558\ub294 \ud559\uc81c\uc801 \uad00\uc810\uc740 \ube44\ud310\uc801 \uc820\ub354 \uc5f0\uad6c\ub97c \ubc1c\uc804\uc2dc\ud0ac \uc218 \uc788\uc744 \ube44\uc625\ud55c \ud1a0\uc591\uc774\ub2e4. \uc820\ub354\uc758 \uc778\uc885\uc801 \uad6c\ucd95\uc740 \uc544\ub9c8\ub3c4 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc0dd\uc0b0\uc801\uc778 \ubbf8\ub798\uc77c \ud150\ub370, \ud559\uacc4\uc5d0\ub294 \uadf8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud559\uc81c\uc801 \uc5f0\uad6c\uac00 \ub108\ubb34\ub3c4 \ubd80\uc871\ud558\ub2e4. \uacfc\uac70, \ud604\uc7ac, \ubbf8\ub798\uc758 \uacc4\uae09, \uc778\uc885, \uc7a5\uc560\uc5ec\ubd80, \uc5f0\ub839\uc758 \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc131\uc5d0 \uae30\ubc18\ud55c \uc5f0\uad6c\ub294 \u2015 \ube44\ub85d \uace0\ub3c4\ub85c \uc774\ub860\uc801\uc774\ub77c \ud560\uc9c0\ub77c\ub3c4 \u2015 \uad81\uadf9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c, \uc0dd\uc874\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \ud22c\uc7c1\uc5d0 \ucc38\uc5ec\ud558\ub294 \ud604\uc7a5 \ud65c\ub3d9\uac00\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc774 \ub420 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uc218\uc804 \uc2a4\ud2b8\ub77c\uc774\ucee4<\/strong>: \ub098\ub294 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354 \uc5f0\uad6c\ub97c \ud55c\ud3b8\uc5d0\ub294 \ud65c\ub3d9 \uc804\ub7b5\ub4e4, \ub2e4\ub978 \ud55c\ud3b8\uc5d0\ub294 \ud559\uc220\uc801 \uace0\ub824\ub4e4\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \uc694\uad6c\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uad6c\uc870\ud654\ub418\ub294 \ubd84\uc57c\ub85c \ud2c0 \uc9d3\uae30\ub294 \uc815\ub9d0\uc774\uc9c0 \uc8fc\uc800\ub41c\ub2e4. \ud559\uc790\ub294 \ud65c\ub3d9\uac00\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c\ub294, \ud639\uc740 \ud65c\ub3d9\uac00\ub294 \ud559\uc790\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c\ub294 \ub9d0\uc774\uc790 \ud559\uacc4 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc758 \uc9c4\uc9dc \uc5ed\ud560\uc740 \ube44\ud559\uacc4 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \ud65c\ub3d9\uac00\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ud604\uc2e4 \uc138\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \ud65c\uc6a9\ud560 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uacfc \ub3c4\uad6c\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ub9d0\uc774 \ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub098. \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ud559\uc220 \uc791\uc5c5\uc774 \uac00\uc7a5 \ud544\uc694\ud558\ub0d0\ub294 \uc9c8\ubb38\uc5d0 \ub2f5\ud558\ub824\uba74 \ub2e8\uc11c\ub97c \ub2ec\uc544\uc904 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc9c8\ubb38\uc774 \ud558\ub098 \ub354 \ud544\uc694\ud558\ub2e4. \ub204\uad6c\uc5d0\uac8c \ud544\uc694\ud55c\uac00, \ud558\ub294 \uc9c8\ubb38 \ub9d0\uc774\ub2e4. \uac00\uc7a5 \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc774 \uc548 \ub418\ub294 \uac83\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc9c8\ubb38\ub3c4 \ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0\ub2e4. \ub204\uad6c\uc5d0\uac8c \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc774 \uc548 \ub418\ub294\uac00? \uc9c0\uc2dd\uacfc \uadf8 \uc720\uc6a9\uc131\uc740 \uad49\uc7a5\ud788 \uc0c1\ud669 \ud2b9\uc815\uc801\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud65c\ub3d9\uac00 \ub300 \ud559\uc790\uc758 \ucda9\ub3cc\uc740 \uc9c0\uc2dd, \uad8c\ub825, \uc0ac\ud68c \uad6c\uc870\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc18c\uc218\uc790\uc801 \ube44\ud310\uc5d0 \ubfcc\ub9ac\ub97c \ub450\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \ud559\uc81c\uc801 \uc5f0\uad6c \ubd84\uc57c\uc758 \ub0b4\uc801 \uc815\uce58\ud559\uc744 \ud2c0 \uc9d3\ub294 \uc775\uc219\ud55c \ubc29\uc2dd\uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc \ub098\ub294 \uadf8\uac83\uc774 \uadf8\ub2e4\uc9c0 \uc0dd\uc0b0\uc801\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4. \uac19\uc740 \uc2dd\uc758 \ub17c\uc7c1\uc774 \ud398\ubbf8\ub2c8\uc998 \uc774\ub860\uc740 \uc5ec\uc131\uc758 \ud22c\uc7c1\uc5d0\ub294 \uc544\ubb34 \uac00\uce58\uac00 \uc5c6\ub2e4\uace0, \ube44\ud310\uc801 \uc778\uc885 \uc774\ub860\uc740 \ud751\uc778\uc758 \ud22c\uc7c1\uacfc \uc544\ubb34 \uc0c1\uad00\uc774 \uc5c6\ub2e4\uace0, \ud034\uc5b4 \uc774\ub860\uc740 \uac8c\uc774 \uad8c\ub9ac\uc640 \uc544\ubb34 \uc0c1\uad00\uc774 \uc5c6\ub2e4\uace0 \ub9d0\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ub098\ub294 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc774 \ucda9\ub3cc\uc5d0\uc11c \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0 \uc11c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub978 \uac83\uc744 \ub4e3\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud55c\ub2e4. \uccab\uc9f8, \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uace0\ub4f1\uad50\uc721\uc774\ub098 \ud559\uacc4 \uc77c\uc790\ub9ac\uc5d0 \uc811\uadfc\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc774\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc8fc\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294 \uc885\ub958\uc758 \ud61c\ud0dd\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc30\uc81c\ub418\ub294 \uc774\ub4e4 \u2015 \uc790\uc2e0\ub4e4\uc758 \ub300\uc758\ub97c \uba85\ubd84\uc73c\ub85c \ud589\ud574\uc84c\ub2e4\uc9c0\ub9cc \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \uc0b6\uc5d0 \ub69c\ub837\ud55c \uc758\ubbf8\ub294 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc791\uc5c5\uc744 \ub9c8\uc8fc\ud560 \ub54c \ub9c8\ub545\ud55c \ubd84\ub178\uc640 \uc18c\uc678\uac10\uc744 \ub290\ub07c\ub294 \uc774\ub4e4 \u2015 \uc758 \uace0\ud1b5\uacfc \uc88c\uc808\uc744 \ub4e3\ub294\ub2e4. \ub458\uc9f8, \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \ud559\uc801 \ud2b9\uad8c\uc744 \ubd88\ud3b8\ud558\uac8c \uc5ec\uae30\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc790\uc2e0\uc774 \ud558\ub294 \uc9c0\uc801, \ube44\ud310\uc801 \uc791\uc5c5\uc758 \uc911\uc694\uc131\uc744 \ubbff\ub294 \uc774\ub4e4, \uc885\uc885 \ube44\ud559\uacc4 \uc0ac\ud68c \uc815\uc758 \ud65c\ub3d9\uac00\ub4e4\uacfc (\ub54c\ub85c \uc798\ub09c \uccb4 \ud558\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c) \ud568\uaed8 \uc791\uc5c5\ud558\uace0 \uc790\uae30 \uc791\uc5c5\uc758 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uc758\ubbf8\ub97c \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud574 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \ud559\uc220 \uc791\uc5c5\uc744 \uc815\ub2f9\ud654\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uacc4\uae09\uc801 \uc8c4\ucc45\uac10\uc744 \ub35c\ub824 \ud558\ub294 \uc774\ub4e4\uc758 \ubc29\uc5b4\uc801 \ud0dc\ub3c4\ub97c \ub4e3\ub294\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \uc9c0\uc2dd \uc0dd\uc0b0\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \ud559\uacc4\uc758 \uc5ed\ud560\uc5d0 \uad00\ud574, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354 \uc0ac\ud68c \uc815\uc758 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc774 \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\uc5d0 \uad00\ud574 \uc0dd\uac01\ud560 \ub54c \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc12c\uc138\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud55c\ub2e4. \ub300\ud559\ub3c4 \uacb0\uad6d\uc740 \ub610 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uc77c\ud130\uc77c \ubfd0\uc774\uba70 \ub300\ud559\uc5d0\ub294 \ub300\ud559 \ud2b9\uc720\uc758 \uc9c1\uc7a5 \ubb38\uc81c\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4. \ud559\uacc4 \uc77c\ud130 \uc815\uce58\uc5d0 \u2015 \ud559\uc0dd, \uc9c1\uc6d0, \uad50\uc6d0 \ubaa8\ub450\ub97c \uc704\ud574 \u2015 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \uc815\uce58\ub97c \ub4e4\uc774\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ud559\uacc4\uc758 \uc7ac\uc815\uc801 \uc790\uc6d0\uacfc \uc0c1\uc9d5 \uc790\ubcf8\uc774 \uc0ac\ud68c \uc815\uc758\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \ud22c\uc7c1\uc73c\ub85c \ud758\ub7ec\ub4e4\uc5b4 \uac00\uac8c \ud558\ub294 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \ubc29\ubc95 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\ub2e4. \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ud559\uacc4\uc758 \uc5b8\uc5b4\ub85c \uc4f0\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc774\ub7f0 \uc791\uc5c5\uc758 \uc77c\ud658\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \uc804\ubb38\uc801\uc778 \uc9c0\uc2dd\uacfc \uae30\uc220\uc801\uc778, \ub54c\ub85c\ub294 \uc6a9\uc5b4\ub85c \uac00\ub4dd\ud55c \uc5b8\uc5b4\ub97c \uc694\ud558\ub294 \uc804\ubb38\ud654\ub41c \uc791\uc5c5\uc774\ub2e4. \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354 \uc5f0\uad6c\ub97c \ud559\uacc4\uc5d0 \uc81c\ub3c4\ud654\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc7c1\uc810\ub4e4\uc744 \ub17c\uc758 \ud14c\uc774\ube14\uc5d0 \uc62c\ub824\ub450\uba74\uc11c \ud559\uacc4 \uc81c\ub3c4\uc758 \uc5c4\uccad\ub09c \uc790\uc6d0\uc744 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ud55c \uac00\uc9c0 \uc804\ub7b5\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc740 \ub300\ud559 \uc785\ud559 \ud5c8\uac00\ub97c \ubc1b\uc544 \uc790\uc2e0\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \uc548\uc804\ud558\uace0 \ud798\uc774 \ub418\ub294 \uad50\uc721 \uacbd\ud5d8\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4 \uc218 \uc788\uc744 \ub9cc\ud07c \uc6b4\uc774 \uc88b\uc558\ub358 \ub2e4\uc74c \uc138\ub300 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \uccad\ub144\ub4e4\uc744 \uad50\uc721\ud558\ub294 \uc77c\uc758 \uc77c\ud658\uc774, \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \uad50\uc9c1\uc6d0\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uc548\uc804\ud55c \ub178\ub3d9 \uc870\uac74\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294 \uc77c\uc758 \uc77c\ud658\uc774, \ubd84\uacfc \ud559\ubb38\uc758 \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc744 \uc608\uc0c1\uce58 \ubabb\ud55c \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \uac00\uc838\uc62c \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \ubcc0\ud654\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \uc77c\uc758 \uc77c\ud658\uc774 \ub41c\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \uc885\ub958\uc758 \u2015 \ud559\uacc4 \uc77c\ud130 \ud2b9\uc720\uc758 \u2015 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354 \uc9c0\uc801 \uc791\uc5c5\uc774, \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ub09c\ud574\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \ud560\uc9c0\ub77c\ub3c4, \ub354 \ub113\uc740 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \uc0ac\ud68c \uc815\uc758 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc5d0 \ubcf8\uc9c8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubb34\uc6a9\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \uc5ec\uaca8\uc838\uc11c\ub294 \uc548 \ub41c\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \uc885\ub958\uc758 \ud559\uc220 \uc791\uc5c5\uc740 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uad8c\ub825\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \uc7c1\uc810\ub4e4\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uc7ac\uad6c\uc131\ud558\ub294 \ud034\uc5b4\ud55c \ub178\ub3d9\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud558\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. \uc544\ubb34\ub9ac \ubabb \ud574\ub3c4 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ube44\uac00\uc2dc\ud654\ud558\uace0 \uc8fc\ubcc0\ud654\ud558\ub294 \uc218\ub2e8\ub4e4\uc744 \uac00\uc2dc\ud654\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uae30\uc5ec\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc798\ub9cc \ub41c\ub2e4\uba74 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc758 \uccb4\ud604\uacfc \uacbd\ud5d8\uc5d0\uc11c \ub098\uc624\ub294 \ub958\uc758 \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc744 \ud559\uc220 \uc0b0\uc5c5\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec\ubd80\uc5d0 \uc704\uce58\uc2dc\ud0a8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud478\ucf54\uc758 \uc608\uc18d\ub41c \uc9c0\uc2dd<\/strong>subjugated knowledge \ub17c\uc758(2003)\uac00 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc758 \uc815\uce58\ud559\uc744 \ub17c\uc758\ud558\ub294 \ub370\uc5d0 \ub180\ub77c\uc6b0\ub9ac\ub9cc\uce58 \uc801\uc808\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud55c\ub2e4 (Stryker, 2006). \uc608\uc18d\ub41c \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc744 \ub9d0\ud558\uba74\uc11c \ud478\ucf54\ub294 \uad6c\ubd84\ub418\ub294 \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0\ub97c \uc5fc\ub450\uc5d0 \ub450\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uccab\uc9f8, \uadf8\ub294 \uc0ac\ud68c \uccb4\uc81c\ub4e4, \uc81c\ub3c4\ub4e4 \uc18d\uc5d0 \uac07\ud600 \uc788\ub294, \uccb4\uc81c\uc640 \uc81c\ub3c4\uc758 \uc791\ub3d9\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uadf8 \uc874\uc7ac \uc790\uccb4\uac00 \uac00\ub824\uc9c0\ub294 \uc77c\ub828\uc758 \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc744 \uc0dd\uac01\ud588\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \uc885\ub958\uc758 \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc740 \uc624\uc9c1 \uadf8 \ubcf5\uc6d0\uacfc \uad6c\ucd9c\uc5d0 \ud544\uc694\ud55c \uc804\ubb38 \ud6c8\ub828\uc744 \ubc1b\uc740 \uc774\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574\uc11c\ub9cc \ud0c8\uc608\uc18d\ud654\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \ud559\ubb38\uc758 \uc628\uac16 \ub3c4\uad6c\ub97c \ud65c\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ube44\ud310\uc801 \uc791\uc5c5 \u2015 “\ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354\uc774\uba74\uc11c \uac78\uc5b4\ub2e4\ub2c8\ub294 \uac83walking while transgendered”\uc774 \ub204\uad70\uac00\ub97c \uc131\ub9e4\ub9e4 \ud610\uc758\ub85c \ud615\uc0ac \uae30\uc18c\ud560 \uc774\uc720\uac00 \ub418\uc5b4\uc11c\ub294 \uc548 \ub41c\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ubcc0\ud638\uc0ac\uc758 \uc791\uc5c5, \ud639\uc740 \uc131\uc804\ud658 \ud310\ud0c0\uc9c0\ub294 \uc815\uc2e0\ubcd1\uc6d0\uc5d0 \uac00\ub450\uc5b4\uc57c \ud560 \uc815\uc2e0\ubcd1\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c\uace0 \uc815\uc2e0\uc758\ud559\uc758 \uc6a9\uc5b4\ub85c \uc815\uc2e0\uc758\ud559\uacfc \ub2e4\ud234 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc815\uc2e0\ubd84\uc11d \uc774\ub860\uac00\uc758 \uc791\uc5c5\uc774\ub2e4. \ub2e4\ub978 \uc720\ud615\uc758 \uc608\uc18d\ub41c \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc740 \ud478\ucf54\uac00 \ud559\uc2dd\uc758 \uc704\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \ubd80\uc871\ud558\uac8c \uc5ec\uaca8\uc9c0\ub294 \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubd80\ub978 \uac83 \u2015 \ubbfc\uac04 \uc9c0\uc2dd, \uc2e4\uc6a9\uc801[\ud604\uc7a5\uc758]practical \uc9c0\uc2dd, \ubab8\uc758 \uc9c0\uc2dd, \uc5ec\ud0c0 \uacfc\ud559\uc758 \uc9c0\uc704\ub97c \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uac00\uc9c0 \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc774\ub2e4. \uc790\uae30 \uc790\uc2e0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uad8c\ub825\uc758 \uc791\uc6a9\uc744 \uacbd\ud5d8\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uad6c\uc131\ub418\ub294 \uc800\ud56d\uc801 \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc774\ub2e4. \ud478\ucf54(2003)\ub294 \uc774 \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0 \uc0c1\ubcf4\uc801 \uc778\uc2dd \ubc29\uc2dd\uc744 \uacc4\ubcf4\ud559\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc5f0\uacb0\ud558\ub294 \u2015 \ud22c\uc7c1\uc758 \uaf3c\uaf3c\ud55c \ubcf5\uc6d0\uc744 \uc2f8\uc6c0\uc758 \ub0a0\uac83 \uadf8\ub300\ub85c\uc758 \uae30\uc5b5\uacfc \uacb0\ud569\ud558\ub294 \u2015 \ub370\uc11c \uc2dc\uc791\ub418\ub294 “\uc608\uc18d\ub41c \uc9c0\uc2dd\ub4e4\uc758 \ubd09\uae30”\ub97c \uc694\uccad\ud588\ub2e4 (p. 7).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ub0b4\uac8c \uc774 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uac83\uc740 \uacb0\uad6d\uc740 \ud559\uacc4\uc758 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc640 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc820\ub354 \uc0ac\ud68c \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc774 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ud611\ub825\ud560 \uac83\uc778\uac00 \ud558\ub294 \ubb38\uc81c\ub85c \uadc0\uacb0\ub41c\ub2e4. \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ucd94\uc0c1\uc801\uc778 \uc885\ub958\uc758 \ud559\uc220 \uc9c0\uc2dd \uc5ed\uc2dc\ub3c4 \uc0c1\uc544\ud0d1 \ub108\uba38\uc758 \ud65c\ub3d9\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc601\uac10\uc744 \uc904 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc74c\uc545\uc774 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ub9c8\uc74c\uc744 \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc774\ub294\uc9c0\ub97c \ub9d0\ub85c \uc124\uba85\ud560 \uc218\ub294 \uc5c6\uc5b4\ub3c4 \uc74c\uc545\uc774 \uc601\uac10\uc744 \uc904 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uacfc \ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uac00\uc7a5 \uc5c4\uaca9\ud55c \uc885\ub958\uc758 \uc9c0\uc801 \ubd84\uc11d\uc774\ub77c\ub3c4, \uadf8 \ubd84\uc11d\uc774 \ud30c\uc545\ud558\uace0\uc790 \ud558\ub294 \ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub113\uc740 \ucc28\uc6d0\uc758 \ubb3c\uc801 \uc870\uac74\ub4e4\uacfc \uc0dd\uc0dd\ud558\uac8c \ub9c8\uc8fc\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4\uba74 \uc8fd\uc740 \ud615\uc2dd\uc8fc\uc758\uc5d0 \uc9c0\ub098\uc9c0 \uc54a\uac8c \ub420 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac \ubaa8\ub450 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \ucc28\uc774\ub4e4\uc744 \uac00\ub85c\uc9c8\ub7ec, \uac01\uc790\uac00 \ud558\ub294 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc791\uc5c5\uc5d0 \ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc778\ub0b4\uc2ec\uc744, \ud638\uae30\uc2ec\uc744 \uac16\uace0\uc11c \ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc5f0\uacb0\ub418\uc5b4 \ubcf4\uc790 \u2015 \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc774\ub4e4\uc774 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc790\ub9ac\uc5d0\uc11c \ud558\ub294 \uc791\uc5c5\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcf4\ub2e4 \ucc3d\uc758\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc601\uac10\uc744 \uc5bb\uc5b4 \ubcf4\uc790.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ucc38\uace0 \uc790\ub8cc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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Stryker, S. (2001). Queer pulp: Perverted passions from the golden age of the paperback<\/em>. San Francisco: Chronicle Books.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stryker, S. (2006). (De)subjugated knowledges: An introduction to transgender studies. In S. Stryker & S. Whittle (Eds.), The transgender studies reader<\/em> (pp. 1\u201317). New York: Routledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stryker, S. (2008, winter). Homonormativity, disciplinarity, and transgender history. Radical History Review<\/em>, 100, 145\u2013157.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stryker, S., & Van Buskirk, J. (1996). Gay by the bay: A history of queer culture in the San Francisco Bay Area<\/em>. San Francisco: Chronicle Books.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stryker, S., & Whittle, S. (Eds.). (2006). The transgender studies reader<\/em>. New York: Routledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sycamore, M. B. (Ed.). (2004). That\u2019s revolting! Queer strategies for resisting assimilation<\/em>. Brooklyn, NY: Soft Skull Press.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Transgender, Gender Variant, and Intersex Prison Project. (2007). Mission. Retrieved May 23, 2007, from http:\/\/www.tgijp.org\/mission.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TransJustice. (2005). Trans Day of Action Points of Unity<\/em>. Manuscript on file with the author.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TransJustice. (2006). Points of Unity<\/em>. Manuscript on file with the author.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wekker, G. (2006). The politics of passion: Women\u2019s sexual culture in the Afro-Surinamese diaspora<\/em>. New York: Columbia University Press.
<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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