{"id":1520,"date":"2025-02-12T20:19:00","date_gmt":"2025-02-12T11:19:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/slowlyaspossible.net\/memoranda\/?p=1520"},"modified":"2025-02-20T11:20:36","modified_gmt":"2025-02-20T02:20:36","slug":"%ea%b7%b8%eb%93%a4%ec%97%90%ea%b2%90-%ec%8b%9c%ea%b3%84%ea%b0%80-%ec%9e%88%ea%b3%a0-%ec%9a%b0%eb%a6%ac%ec%97%90%ea%b2%90-%ec%8b%9c%ea%b0%84%ec%9d%b4-%ec%9e%88%eb%8b%a4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/slowlyaspossible.net\/memoranda\/1520\/","title":{"rendered":"[\ubc88\uc5ed] \u300a\uadf8\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac90 \uc2dc\uacc4\uac00 \uc788\uace0 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc5d0\uac90 \uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4\u300b \uc11c\ubb38 (\ub808\uc624\ud3f4\ub4dc \ub7a8\ubc84\ud2b8, 2021)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"headnote\">\uc6d0\ubb38: L\u00e9opold Lambert, &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/thefunambulist.net\/magazine\/they-have-clocks-we-have-time\/they-have-clocks-we-have-time-introduction\">They Have Clocks, We Have Time: Introduction<\/a>,&#8221; <em>The Funambulist<\/em>, Iss. 36, &#8220;They Have Clocks, We Have Time,&#8221; June, 2021. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[\uc804\ub7b5] 2014\ub144 \ubd04\uc5d0, [\uc911\ub7b5] \uac74\ucd95\uc758 \ubb34\uae30\ud654\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ub0b4 \uc791\uc5c5\uc744 \uc798 \uc54c\uace0 \uc788\ub358 \uadf8\ub140[\ubc95\ud559\uc790 \ub808\ub2c8\uc0ac \ub9c8\uc640\ub2c8Renisa Mawani]\uac00 \uc870\uc5b8\uc744 \ud558\ub098 \ud588\ub2e4. &#8220;\ub808\uc624\ud3f4\ub4dc, \ub2f9\uc2e0\uc758 \uc791\uc5c5\uc740 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ud765\ubbf8\ub86d\uc9c0\ub9cc \ub2f9\uc2e0\uc740 \uacf5\uac04\uc744 \ub108\ubb34 \ub9ce\uc774 \uc0dd\uac01\ud574\uc694. \uc2dc\uac04\ub3c4 \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uc154\uc57c \ud574\uc694.&#8221; \uc194\uc9c1\ud788 \ub9d0\ud558\uc790\uba74 \ubb34\uc2a8 \ub9d0\uc778\uc9c0 \ubab0\ub790\ub2e4. &#8220;\uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \uc2dc\uac04\uc774\uc9c0, \uc0dd\uac01\ud560 \uac8c \ubb50\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uac70\uc9c0&#8221; \ud558\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud588\ub2e4. \ub0b4\uac8c \uc0c8\uaca8\uc9c4 \ub808\ub2c8\uc0ac\uc758 \ub9d0\uc740, \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc88b\uc740 \uc870\uc5b8\uc774 \uadf8\ub807\ub4ef, \ub0b4\uac8c \ubcc0\ud654\ub97c \uc77c\uc73c\ud0a4\ub294 \ub9cc\ub0a8\uc744 \ud560 \ucc44\ube44\ub97c \uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4. \uadf8 \ub9cc\ub0a8\uc774 \ubc8c\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uac83\uc740 \ub450 \ud574\uac00 \uc9c0\ub098\uc11c, \uce78\ub514\uc2a4 \ud504\ub9ac\uc13cKandis Friesen\uc774 \ub0b4\uac8c \ub77c\uc2dc\ub2e4 \ud544\ub9bd\uc2a4Rasheedah Phillips\uc758 \uc791\uc5c5\uacfc \ud751\uc778 \uc591\uc790 \ubbf8\ub798\uc8fc\uc758Black Quantum Futurism\ub97c \uc18c\uac1c\ud574 \uc8fc\uba74\uc11c\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\uac83\uc744 \uacc4\uae30\ub85c \uc774 \uc9c0\uba74\uc5d0 \uadf8\ub140\uc758 \uae30\uace0\ub97c \ub124 \ubc88\uc774\ub098 \ubc1b\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uacb0\uacfc, \uc720\ub7fd\uc911\uc2ec\uc8fc\uc758, \uc2dd\ubbfc \uc9c0\ubc30, \uc2dc\uac04\uc801 \uc800\ud56d\uacfc \uad00\ub828\ud55c \ub098\uc758 \uc2dc\uac04 \uc774\ud574\ub294 \uc804\ubd80\uac00 \uc9c0\ub09c \ub2e4\uc12f \ud574 \ub3d9\uc548 \uadf8\ub140\uac00 \ud55c \uc791\uc5c5\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc30\uc6b4 \ubc14\ub97c \uc790\uc591\ubd84\uc73c\ub85c \uc0bc\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub140\uc758 \uae00 \uc81c18\ud638(2018\ub144 7-8\uc6d4\ud638)\uc5d0 \uc2e4\uc740 \uadf8\ub140\uc758 \u300c\uc8fc\uc778\uc758 \uc2dc\uacc4\/\uc9c0\ub3c4 \ubc15\uc0b4\ub0b4\uae30Dismantling the Master\u2019s Clock\/Map\u300d\ub294 \uc9c0\uae08\uae4c\uc9c0\ub3c4 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ubc1c\ud589\ud55c \uae00 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 \ub0b4\uac00 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc88b\uc544\ud558\ub294 \uae00 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\ub85c \ub0a8\uc544 \uc788\ub2e4 \u2015 \ub9ce\uc740 \ub3c5\uc790\ub4e4 \uc5ed\uc2dc \uac10\uba85 \ubc1b\uc558\uc744 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub807\uae30\uc5d0, \uadf8\ub140\uac00 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc9c0\uba74\uc744 \uc2dc\uac04\uc5d0 \ud560\uc560\ud55c \uc774\ubc88 \ud638\uc5d0 \uae00\uacfc \ud45c\uc9c0 \ubbf8\uc220 \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0\ub85c \ud568\uaed8 \ud574 \uc8fc\uae30\ub85c \ud55c \uac83\uc774 \ud2b9\ud788\ub098 \uae30\uc058\uace0 \uc601\uad11\uc2a4\ub7fd\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774\ubc88 \ud638\uc758 \uc81c\ubaa9 &#8220;\uadf8\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac90 \uc2dc\uacc4\uac00 \uc788\uace0 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc5d0\uac90 \uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4&#8221;\ub294 \uce74\ub098\ud0a4Kanaky\uc5d0\uc11c<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1520_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1520_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_1520_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1520_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_1520_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1520_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\uc5ed\uc8fc: \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc758 \uc790\uce58\ub839\uc774\uba70 \ub274\uce7c\ub808\ub3c4\ub2c8\uc544\ub77c\ub294 \uc601\ubb38\uba85\uc73c\ub85c \uc798 \uc54c\ub824\uc838 \uc788\ub294 \ub204\ubca8\uce7c\ub808\ub3c4\ub2c8\ub97c \uac00\ub9ac\ud0a8\ub2e4. \uc5b4\uc6d0\uc740 \uc778\uad6c\uc758 40% \uac00\ub7c9\uc744 \ucc28\uc9c0\ud558\ub294&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_1520_1('footnote_plugin_reference_1520_1_1');\">(\uacc4\uc18d)<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1520_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1520_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> \uba87 \ubc88\uc778\uac00 \ub4e4\uc5b4 \ubcf8 \ud45c\ud604(\u201cEux, ils ont des montres, nous, on a le temps\u201d)\uc774\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \uae30\ub9ac\uace0 \uc2f6\uc740 \ub9d0\uc774\ub2e4. \uc2dd\ubbfc \uc9c0\ubc30 \ud558\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0b4\uc544\uac00\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c &#8220;\uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4&#8221;\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc5b8\ub73b \uc9c1\uad00\uc5d0 \ubc18\ud558\ub294 \ub4ef \ubcf4\uc77c \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774\ub97c \ub2e4\ub978 \ud558\ub098\uc640 \uad00\ub828 \uc9c0\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uce74\ub098\ud06c\uc778\uc774\uc790 \ub274\uce7c\ub808\ub3c4\ub2c8\uc544 \uc758\ud68c \uc758\uc7a5\uc778 \ub85c\ud06c \uc640\ubbf8\ud0c4Roch Wamytan\uc774 \ub9d0\ud558\ub294 \uc2dc\uac04\uc801 \uc0bd\uc785\uad6ctemporal parenthesis\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \uad00\uc810\uc774 \ubc14\ub85c \uadf8\uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc2dc\uac04\uacfc \uc5f0\uad00\ub418\ub294 \uc774 \ub450 \uad00\ub150\uc744 \uc2dd\ubbfc \ud3ed\ub825\uc744 \uacaa\uace0 \uc788\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ub0b4\ubbf8\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc8fc\uc81c \ub118\uc5b4 \ubcf4\uc77c \uc218 \uc788\uc744 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \ub3c4\ub451 \ub9de\uc740 \ub545\uc758 \uc54c\ud30c\uc694 \uc624\uba54\uac00\uc778 \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \uc2dc\uac04\uc801 \ud2c0\uc744 \uac70\ubd80\ud558\ub294 \ub370\uc5d0\ub294, \uc758\uc2ec\uc758 \uc5ec\uc9c0 \uc5c6\uc774 \ud798 \uc788\ub294 \ubb34\uc5b8\uac00\uac00 \uae43\ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774\uc640 \uad00\ub828\ud55c \uc77c\ud654\ub97c \uc7a0\uae50 \uc774\uc57c\uae30 \ud574\ubcf4\ub824 \ud55c\ub2e4. 2018\ub144, \ubc18\uc2dd\ubbfc\uc8fc\uc758 \ud65c\ub3d9\uac00 \uba87 \uba85\uc774 \ud30c\ub9ac\uc5d0\uc11c \uce74\ub098\ud06c \ub3c5\ub9bd \ud22c\uc7c1\uc5d0 \uc5f0\ub300\ud558\ub294 \ud589\uc0ac\ub97c \ud558\ub098 \uc870\uc9c1\ud588\ub2e4. \ub05d\ub0a0 \ubb34\ub835\uc5d0 \uce5c\uad6c \ud558\ub098\uc640 \ub098\ub294 \uccad\uc911\uc73c\ub85c \ucc38\uc11d\ud55c \uc5b4\ub290 \uce74\ub098\ud06c\uc778\uacfc \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ub97c \ub098\ub204\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub300\ud654 \uc911\uc5d0 \uc5b8\uc820\uac00 \uce5c\uad6c\uac00 \uadf8\uc5d0\uac8c \uba87 \uc0b4\uc774\ub0d0\uace0 \ubb3c\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \ud65c\uc9dd \uc6c3\uc73c\uba70 \uc774\ub807\uac8c \ub9d0\ud588\ub2e4, &#8220;3,000\uc0b4\uc774\uc694.&#8221; \uc120\uc8fc\ubbfc\uc774 \uce74\ub098\ud06c \ub545\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0b4\uc544 \uc628 \uc2dc\uac04\uc744 \ub9d0\ud55c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc8fc\uc758\ub294 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc8fc\uc758\ub780 \ubc97\uc5b4\ub0a0 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4\uace0 \ubbff\uae30\ub97c \uc6d0\ud55c\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc120\uc8fc\ubbfc\uc871\uc758 \uc2dc\uac04\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574, \uc2ec\uc9c0\uc5b4\ub294 \uc9c0\uc815\ud559\uc801 \uc2dc\uac04\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574\uc11c\ub3c4, \uc2dc\uac04\uc744 \uc0ac\uc720\ud558\ub294 \uc77c\uc740 \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc8fc\uc758\ub97c \ud6e8\uc52c \ub35c \uadf8\ub798 \ubcf4\uc774\uac8c \ud55c\ub2e4. \ubcc0\ud568 \uc5c6\uc774 \ub3cc\uc544\uac00\ub294 \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \uc2dc\uacc4\ub294 \uc2dd\ubbfc \uad8c\ub825\uc744 \uc704\uc548\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc\uc640 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5d0\ubc00\ub9ac \uc790\uc2dc\ub974Emily Jacir\uac00 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc8fc\ub4ef \uadf8\uac83\uc758 \ucd5c\ud6c4\ub294 \uadf8\uc800 \u2026 \uc2dc\uac04 \ubb38\uc81c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;\uc5ed\uc0ac\ub294 \uc2b9\uc790\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc4f0\uc5ec\uc9c4\ub2e4&#8221;\ub77c\ub294 \ud074\ub9ac\uc170\ub294 \uc774\ub7f0 \uc5ed\uc0ac \uad00\ub150\uc5d0 \uc815\uce58\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc0dd\uc0b0\uc801\uc778 \uc804\ub9dd\uc744 \uc8fc\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4. \uc5ed\uc0ac\ub97c \ucc45\uc5d0 \uc801\ud788\uac70\ub098 \ube44\uc11d\uc5d0 \uc0c8\uaca8\uc9c8 \ub54c \uad6c\ud604\ub418\ub294 \ud68c\uace0\uc801 \uc11c\uc0ac\ub85c \uac1c\ub150\ud654\ud55c\ub2e4. \ub098\ub294 (\uc774 \ucc45\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uae00\uc744 \uc2e4\uc740) \uba54\ub9ac\uc5e0-\ubc14\ud788\uc544 \uc544\ub974\ud30c\uc6b0\uc774Meryem-Bahia Arfaoui\uc640 \ud568\uaed8 \uc77c\ud558\uba74\uc11c \ub9ce\uc740 \uac83\uc744, \ud2b9\ud788 \uc5ed\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc740 (\uac1c\uc778\ub4e4\uc758 \ucd1d\ud569\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ud574\ud558\ub4e0 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ud574\ud558\ub4e0) \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4 \uc18d\uc5d0 \uc874\uc7ac\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc2dd\ubbfc \ud3ed\ub825\uc740 \uc5ed\uc0ac\ub97c \uc4f0\uae30\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294 \uc5ed\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc744 \uc9c0\uc6b4\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ubc30\uc6e0\ub2e4. 16\uc138\uae30\ubd80\ud130 19\uc138\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc720\ub7fd \uc5f4\uac15\uc5d0 \ub0a9\uce58\ub41c \uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74\uc778\uc744 \ucc9c\uc774\ubc31\ub9cc \uba85 \ub118\uac8c \ub300\uc11c\uc591 \uac74\ub108\ub85c \ub04c\uace0 \uac04 \uc911\uac04 \ud56d\ub85c\uac00 \uadf8 \uac00\uc7a5 \ubd84\uba85\ud55c \uc608 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\ub2e4. (\ub77c\uc2dc\ub2e4 \ud544\ub9bd\uc2a4\uac00 \uc885\uc885 \uc778\uc6a9\ud558\ub294) \u300e\uc2dc\uac04\uc758 \uc2dd\ubbfc\ud654The Colonisation of Time\u300f(2012)\uc5d0\uc11c \uc870\ub974\ub2e4\ub178 \ub09c\ub2c8Giordano Nanni\ub294 \uc18c\uc704 &#8220;\uc544\uba54\ub9ac\uce74\ub4e4&#8221;\uc758 \uc815\ucc29\ud615 \uc2dd\ubbfc\ud654\uc5d0\uc11c\ubd80\ud130 \ub300\uc11c\uc591 \ud6a1\ub2e8 \ub178\uc608 \ubb34\uc5ed\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub294 \ub300\uc591\uc744 \uac74\ub108\ub294 \uc5ec\uc815\ub4e4\uc740 \uc120\ubc15\uc758 \uc704\ub3c4\ub97c \uc54c \uc218 \uc788\uac8c \ud574\uc8fc\ub294 \uc2dc\uac04 \uc7a5\uce58\ub4e4 \ub355\uc5d0 \ube44\ub85c\uc18c \uac00\ub2a5\ud588\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc744 \uc0c1\uae30\uc2dc\ucf1c\uc900\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uadf8\ub7f0 \uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 &#8220;\uc2dc\uac04&#8221;\uc774\ub77c \ubd80\ub974\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uacf5\uac04\uacfc \ub5bc\ub824\uc57c \ub5c4 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4. \ubb3c\ub9ac\ud559\uc758 \uac1c\ub150\uc778 \uc5f0\uc18d\uccb4\uac00 \uc774\ud574\uc5d0 \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc774 \ub420 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc0ac\ucc28\uc6d0 \uc704\uc0c1 \ud45c\uba74 \u2015 \uac1c\uc778\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uc77c\uc885\uc758 \ub9c8\uadf8\ub9c8\ub85c \ud45c\ud604\ud558\ub294 \u2015 \uc744 \uc0c1\uc0c1\ud574 \ubcf4\uba74 \ud3c9\uc18c\uc5d0\ub294 \ubb34\uad00\ud574 \ubcf4\uc77c \ub450 \uac1c\uc758 \uacf5\uac04-\uc2dc\uac04 \uacb0\uc808 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \uc5f0\uc18d\uccb4\ub97c \uc54c\uc544\ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc740 \ub0b4\uac00 \uadfc\uc791 \u300e\ube44\uc0c1\uc0ac\ud0dc: \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \uc2dd\ubbfc \uc5f0\uc18d\uccb4\uc758 \uacf5\uac04\uc801 \uc5ed\uc0acStates of Emergency: A Spatial History of the French Colonial Continuum\u300f(2021)\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2dc\ub3c4\ud55c \ubc29\ubc95\ub860\uc774\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294\ub294 \uc54c\uc81c\ub9ac(1955-1962), \uce74\ub098\ud0a4(1985), \ud0c0\ud788\ud2f0(1987), \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \uc5ec\ub7ec \ubc29\ub9ac\uc720(2005, 2015-2021) \ub4f1\uc9c0\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc8c\uc5b4\uc9c4 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \ube44\uc0c1\uc0ac\ud0dc\uc758 \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc0ac\ub97c \ubc18\uc2dd\ubbfc\uc8fc\uc758 \ubd09\uae30\uac00 \uc2dd\ubbfc \ud3ed\ub825\uc758 \uaca9\ud654\ub97c \ub9c8\uc8fc\ud558\ub294 \uacf5\uac04-\uc2dc\uac04\uc758 \uc131\uc88c\ub85c \uc774\uc6a9\ud574 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \uc2dd\ubbfc \uc5f0\uc18d\uccb4\uc758 \uc77c\uac01\uc744 \ucd94\uc801\ud588\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc2dd\ubbfc \uc5f0\uc18d\uccb4\uc758 \ub300\ud45c\uaca9\uc778 \uc2dc\uac04\uc740 \ub298\uc77c \uc218\ub3c4 \uc555\ucd95\ud560 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, (\uc54c\uc81c\ub9ac \ud601\uba85 \uc911\uc758 1961\ub144 10\uc6d4 17\uc77c \uac19\uc740) \ud558\ub8e8\ub098 (2005\ub144 \ubc29\ub9ac\uc720 \ubd09\uae30 \ub54c\uc758 10\uc6d4 \ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9 \uc8fc \uac19\uc740) \ud55c \uc8fc\ub3c4 \ud55c \ud574\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub3c4 &#8220;\uae38\uac8c \uc774\uc5b4\uc838&#8221; \ubcf4\uc77c \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \ub610\ud55c \uac01 \uacf5\uac04\uc774 \uc11c\ub85c\uc640 \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uacf5\uc874\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uac8c \ud558\ub294 \uc2dc\uac04\uc801 \uce35\uc704\ub4e4(\uacfc\uac70\uc640 \ubbf8\ub798)\uc758 \ubb34\ud55c\uc131\uc744 \uadf8\ub824\ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc81c34\ud638 \u300a\ud30c\ub9ac \ucf54\ubb8c\uacfc \uc138\uacc4The Paris Commune and the World\u300b(2021\ub144 3-4\uc6d4\ud638)\uc5d0\uc11c \ubabd\ub2c8\uc2a4 H. \uc555\ub2ec\ub77cMogniss H. Abdallah, \ud558\uc81c\ub974 \ubca4 \ubd80\ubca0\uc774\ucee4Hajer Ben Boubaker\uc640 \ud568\uaed8 \ub9cc\ub4e0, \ud30c\ub9ac \ubd81\ub3d9\ubd80 \ub178\ub3d9\uacc4\uae09 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c \ud55c \ud6c8\ub828\uc774 \uadf8\uac83\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uadf8\uacf3\uc5d0\uc11c 1871\ub144 \ud30c\ub9ac \ucf54\ubb8c\ubd80\ud130 \uc54c\uc81c\ub9ac \ud601\uba85, \ubcf4\ub2e4 \uac00\uae4c\uc774\ub294 \ubc18\uc778\uc885\uc8fc\uc758 \uc870\uc9c1\ud654\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub294 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uc9c0\uc9c8geology\uc744 \ubc1c\uad74\ud588\ub2e4. \uc774\ubc88 \ud638\uc5d0\uc11c \uc81c\uc548\ud558\ub294 \uac83\ub3c4 \uadf8\uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ucf00\ube48 \ubc84\ub098\ub4dc \ubb3c\ud2b8\ub9ac \ub370\uc774Kevin Bernard Moultrie Daye\ub294 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \ube44\uc815\uc0ac\uc601\ubc95extraorthographics\uc744 \uc0cc\ud504\ub780\uc2dc\uc2a4\ucf54\uc5d0 \uc801\uc6a9\ud558\uace0 \ubbf8\ub9ac\uc5c4 \ud790\ub77c\uc704 \uc544\ube0c\ub77c\ud568Miriam Hilawi Abraham\uacfc \ub098\uc2a4\ub77c \uc555\ub458\ub77c\ud788Nasra Abdullahi\ub294 \uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74\uc758 \ubfd4\uc758 \uc9c0\uac01 \ubcc0\ub3d9\uacfc \uc2dc\uac04\uc801 \uaddc\ubaa8\ub4e4\uc744 \uc0b4\ud540\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc2dc\uac04\uc758 \ub2e8\uc77c\uc131\uacfc \uc9c1\uc9c4\uc131 \ubaa8\ub450\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uadfc\ubcf8\uc801\uc778 \ub3c4\uc804\uc740 \ud604\uc2e4\uacfc \uadf8 \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc815\uce58 \ucc38\uc5ec\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \uc774\ud574\ub97c \ud06c\uac8c \ubc14\uafc0 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc608\ucee8\ub300 &#8220;\uae30\uc5b5&#8221;\uc774 \uacfc\uac70\uc758 \uacbd\ud5d8\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ud604\uc7ac\uc758 \uacbd\ud5d8\uc73c\ub85c \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc5ec\uc9c4\ub2e4\uba74 \uc774 \uad00\ub150\uc740 \uae09\uc9c4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub978 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \ud574\uc11d\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \ud640\ub85c\ucf54\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc758 \uc9d1\ub2e8\uae30\uc5b5\uc744 1960\ub144\ub300 \ud0c8\uc2dd\ubbfc \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc758 \uc9d1\ub2e8\uae30\uc5b5\uacfc \ud55c\ub370 \ubb36\ub294 \ub300\ud654\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ub9c8\uc774\ud074 \ub85c\uc2a4\ubc84\uadf8Michael Rothberg\uc640 \ud568\uaed8 \uc774\ub97c \uc81c\uc548\ud560 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc2dc\ub9c8 \ud0c0\ub9ac\ud06cSyma Tariq\ub294 \uc778\ub3c4 \uc544\ub300\ub959 \ubd84\ud560\uacfc \uad00\ub828\ud574 \uc815\uc2dc\uc131punctuality\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \uc0ac\uac74 \uac1c\ub150\uc5d0 \ub3c4\uc804\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774 \ucc45\uc774 &#8220;\uae30\uc5b5&#8221;\uacfc &#8220;\uc0ac\uac74&#8221;\uc5d0 \ub354\ud574 \uc138 \ubc88\uc9f8\ub85c \uc758\ubb38\uc5d0 \ubd99\uc774\ub294 \uc2dc\uac04 \uad00\ub828 \uac1c\ub150\uc740 &#8220;\uae30\ub2e4\ub9bc&#8221;\uc774\ub2e4. \uc0e4\ud750\ub78c \ucf54\uc2a4\ub77c\ube44Shahram Khosravi\uc640 \ud568\uaed8, \uce74\ud504\uce74(\u300e\uc2ec\ud310\u300f)\uc640 \ubca0\ucf00\ud2b8(\u300e\uace0\ub3c4\ub97c \uae30\ub2e4\ub9ac\uba70\u300f) \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\uc11c \uad8c\ub825\uc744 \uac00\ud558\ub294 \uc218\ub2e8\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc744 \uae30\ub2e4\ub9ac\uac8c \ud558\ub294 \uc77c\uc744, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ub610\ud55c \ud601\uba85\uc801\uc778 \ubab8\uc9d3\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \uae30\ub2e4\ub9bc\uc744 \ub17c\ud560 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\ubc88 \ud638\uac00 \uc2dc\uac04\uc744 \ub458\ub7ec\uc2fc, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uadf8 \uc801\uc6a9\uc5d0 \uad00\ub828\ub418\ub294 \uc720\ub7fd\uc911\uc2ec\uc801 \ud5e4\uac8c\ubaa8\ub2c8\ub97c \ub458\ub7ec\uc2fc \uc758\ubb38\ub4e4\uc744 \ubc30\uac00\ud558\ub294 \ub370\uc5d0 \uae30\uc5ec\ud558\uae30\ub97c \ubc14\ub780\ub2e4. \uc601\uac10\uc744 \uc5bb\ub294 \ub3c5\uc11c\uac00 \ub418\uae30\ub97c \ubc14\ub780\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_1520_1();\">\uc8fc<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_1520_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_1520_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_1520_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">\uc8fc<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_1520_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_1520_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_1520_1_1');\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_plugin_link\" ><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\uc5ed\uc8fc: \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc758 \uc790\uce58\ub839\uc774\uba70 \ub274\uce7c\ub808\ub3c4\ub2c8\uc544\ub77c\ub294 \uc601\ubb38\uba85\uc73c\ub85c \uc798 \uc54c\ub824\uc838 \uc788\ub294 \ub204\ubca8\uce7c\ub808\ub3c4\ub2c8\ub97c \uac00\ub9ac\ud0a8\ub2e4. \uc5b4\uc6d0\uc740 \uc778\uad6c\uc758 40% \uac00\ub7c9\uc744 \ucc28\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \uba5c\ub77c\ub124\uc2dc\uc544\uacc4 \uc120\uc8fc\ubbfc \ubbfc\uc871\uc758 \uc774\ub984\uc778 \uce74\ub098\ud06cKanak\ub2e4.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_1520_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_1520_1').show(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_1520_1').text('\u2212'); } function footnote_collapse_reference_container_1520_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_1520_1').hide(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_1520_1').text('+'); } function footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_1520_1() { if (jQuery('#footnote_references_container_1520_1').is(':hidden')) { footnote_expand_reference_container_1520_1(); } else { 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